PTFE/FEVE氟碳防污涂层的表面特性与海藻附着

以FEVE氟碳树脂为成膜物、超细PTFE粉末为低表面能功能添加剂,试制了PTFE质量百分比分别为10 %、20 %、30 %的氟碳防污涂料,利用扫描电镜和表面形貌仪试验研究了涂层中PTFE含量对涂层表面形貌的影响,借助生物学方法、体视显微镜和图像分析方法研究了涂层表面特性对海洋微藻(舟形底栖硅藻)和大型藻(水云藻)附着的影响.结果表明,随着防污涂层中PTFE含量的增加,涂层的表面粗糙度降低,平滑性和致密性提高,涂层上底栖硅藻和水云藻的附着量随之减少.     

仿生协同防污涂层的制备及性能

目的 将低表面能、仿生、纳米粒子防污技术相结合,制备出具有仿生协同效应的海洋防污涂层.方法 利用光刻法加工出带有负向形貌的硅板,以低表面能材料聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为基体,加入纳米ZnO、仿渗型防污剂苯基甲基硅油(PSO)以及固化剂、分散剂等助剂,经固化倒模,得到表面具有微米级织构的仿生协同效应的海洋防污涂层.通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪分析观察涂层的表面形貌及元素分布.通过立体显微镜、红外分光测油仪观察并测定涂层中PSO的渗出速率.通过拉伸试验研究涂层的力学性能.通过接触角测试和硬度测试研究涂层的表观性能.通过抗菌实验研究涂层的防污性能.结果 涂层表面具有规则且完整的微米级织构,由于PSO和纳米ZnO的添加,涂层的疏水性能和力学性能显著提升,10％ZnO含量的涂层具有最佳的力学性能和防污剂释放速率.表面具有圆柱形织构的协同防污涂层的抗细菌粘附效果最好,其细菌粘附率减少了90％.结论 该仿生协同防污涂层相比单一原理防污涂层具有更为优异的防污效果,通过纳米ZnO的加入调控了防污剂PSO的渗出速率,延长了涂层的使用期效,且不会对环境产生污染,具有良好的发展前景.     

火焰喷涂制备纳米陶瓷超润滑涂层及其防污性能

仿猪笼草结构的灌注液体型超润滑涂层(SLIPS)因具有优异的自清洁防污性能备受关注,但目前存在制备工艺复杂、成本较高、不适宜大规模制备等问题,影响了该技术的实际应用。针对这一问题,利用火焰喷涂技术制备SLIPS表面的技术工艺,成功在不锈钢表面制备了基于纳米二氧化钛的SLIPS涂层,并研究了涂层结构及性能。利用SEM分析了涂层的表面形貌和微观结构;利用接触角测量仪研究了涂层的浸润性能;通过藻类贴附试验评价了涂层的防污性能。结果表明：所制备涂层表面接触角达到118.01°,滚动角达到4.54°,呈超润滑性能,对海洋小球藻附着率降低了98.56%。文中研究为制备低成本、大规模SLIPS涂层提供了一种可行的思路。     

正弦织构化表面等离子喷涂熔滴铺展成形分析

目的 分析等离子喷涂熔滴在表面织构内的铺展、凝固规律,为了解表面织构化对等离子喷涂涂层结合机制的影响以提升涂层的结合强度提供理论辅助.方法 基于Flow 3D建立熔滴填充微织构的数值模型,研究等离子喷涂熔滴填充正弦形织构的温度场及铺展成形规律,并对比分析织构边缘凸起及织构形状的影响.同时,基于激光织构化表面等离子喷涂试验,分析不同织构对涂层形貌的影响.结果 无边缘凸起织构的散热速度比有边缘凸起织构的快约0.7μs,凹坑织构的散热速度最慢,计算结束时,其最高温依然高于熔滴液相线(1728.4 K)约44.7 K.基体最高温度约1680.5 K,其主要分布于织构边缘凸起顶端、基体平面与织构内壁的拐点以及织构内壁上的凸点位置.有边缘凸起正弦织构的凝固熔滴由中间向两侧逐渐变薄,熔滴在无边缘凸起织构外部呈规则的圆盘状,凹坑织构底部存在"空腔"特征.涂层截面形貌分析发现,有边缘凸起的织构表面的涂层形貌较优,凹坑织构涂层含有较多缺陷,形貌最差.结论 镍基涂层与织构化表面为机械结合.相比凹坑织构,正弦和直线织构更有利于提高涂层的质量.织构边缘凸起的存在对提高喷涂质量也是有利的.     

海洋细菌和舟形底栖硅藻在辣椒素防污涂层上的附着行为与机制

针对目前含辣椒素防污涂层抑菌、抑藻试验主要集中在如金黄色葡萄球菌等特定菌种的情况,为了考察含辣椒素防污涂层对海洋微生物的影响,选取大连黄海海域的天然海洋细菌和舟形底栖硅藻作为研究对象,通过对添加辣椒素海水饱和溶液（60 mg/L）的天然新鲜海水和舟形底栖硅藻进行培养,研究了辣椒素对海洋细菌和底栖硅藻生长活性的影响。通过海洋细菌附着试验、海洋细菌的分层取样试验和底栖硅藻的叶绿素a值测定,研究了辣椒素及辣椒素涂层对海洋细菌和舟形底栖硅藻的作用机制。结果表明,海水饱和溶液浓度的辣椒素并不会对海洋细菌和舟形底栖硅藻的生长活性造成影响;含辣椒素防污涂层能够通过辣椒素的驱避作用有效地抑制海洋细菌在涂层表面附着;而辣椒素对舟形底栖硅藻在涂层上的附着无抑制作用。     

纳米颗粒增强TiO_2涂层的制备及其防污性能

为提高二氧化钛涂层的防污性能,采用KH-550硅烷改性锐钛矿型TiO_2颗粒,并充分分散于二氧化钛凝胶涂层中。通过降解亚甲基蓝溶液、细菌贴附试验、藻类贴附试验,分别评价了涂层的光催化性能、抗菌性能及抗藻类附着性能,并利用激光共聚焦显微镜及扫描电子显微镜对藻类在涂层表面的附着情况进行分析。结果表明,添加TiO_2纳米颗粒涂层的防污性能较未添加TiO_2纳米颗粒涂层有较大程度的提高。添加粒径为5~10 nm TiO_2颗粒的二氧化钛涂层对小球藻、三角褐指藻及小新月菱形藻的附着降低率分别达到了92.1%、71.5%和62.1%,相较于纯二氧化钛涂层对3种藻类的附着降低率分别提高了29.7%、68.4%和43.5%。TiO_2颗粒的加入可以有效地提高涂层的光催化性能,光催化使得涂层具有亲水、抗菌及自清洁的性能进而有利于提高涂层的防污性能。     

基于超疏水和卤代过氧化物酶活性协同防污的氧化铈纳米涂层研究

目的 将特定防污功能的纳米粒子引入到环氧复合涂料中,制备具有超疏水和卤代过氧化物酶活性协同防污的氧化铈纳米涂层。方法 以环氧树脂和羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷为基质,球形氧化铈（CeO₂）纳米颗粒为填料,采用溶液共混的制备方式,通过空气喷涂法构建氧化铈超疏水纳米涂层。借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试仪等设备对涂层进行表征,并以典型海洋污损生物芽孢杆菌和三角褐指藻为研究对象分析涂层的防污性能。结果 当涂层中纳米氧化铈的质量分数为55%时,氧化铈纳米涂层具有超疏水特性,接触角达到153°,接触角滞后低至3°。在防污性能方面,相比于环氧复合涂层,超疏水氧化铈纳米涂层对三角褐指藻和芽孢杆菌的防污率分别为97.5%和97.3%。在存在过氧化氢和溴化铵的条件下,失去疏水性能的氧化铈涂层通过卤代过氧化物酶的活性减少了96.2%的三角褐指藻和96.8%的芽孢杆菌贴附。结论 该体系所构建的纳米涂层在初期可以利用其超疏水性能防污,后期利用其卤代过氧化物酶的活性防污,实现防污的长效性。     

电泳沉积制备TA有机复合涂层及其性能

目的通过便捷的共混方式在聚合物涂层中引入单宁酸(TA)锚定涂层,并改善涂层性能,提供新颖、简单的水性聚合物涂层固定及增强方法。方法通过简单的溶解分散方式将TA混入聚合物自组装成的纳米粒子分散液中,并采用阴极电泳在裸钛表面制备TA复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜对涂层形貌进行分析。通过超景深显微镜粗糙度测定、铅笔硬度测试、划格法附着力测试、浸泡法等,分别评价NP-TA_x复合涂层的厚度、粗糙度、硬度、附着力、耐久性等性质。最后通过防污测试评价TA复合对聚合物涂层防污性能的影响。结果成功合成了一种两性离子型水性聚合物PIDS,并自组装成纳米粒子,粒子呈球形形貌,粒径约184.8 nm。将纳米粒子与TA混合后,成功通过阴极电泳技术在钛表面制备复合涂层,通过调节沉积电压和时间可以获得不同厚度及表面微结构的涂层表面,涂层制备简便可控。制备NP-TA_x复合涂层后,TA提高了涂层的成膜性,涂层表面结构变得更为平整。NP-TA_x复合涂层的附着力由NP的2级增加到0级,硬度由NP的HB上升为1H,稳定性也大幅提升。通过防污测试表明,TA复合的两性离子涂层对蛋白质和细菌仍具有良好的防污效果,表明TA复合不会影响涂层现有性质。结论 TA与水性聚合物纳米粒子复合制备涂层,可大大提升聚合物涂层综合性能,是一种新颖、简单而且有效的水性聚合物涂层固定及增强途径。     

激光微织构对硬质合金TiAlN涂层结合性能的影响

为了研究硬质合金表面激光微织构对涂层性能的影响,利用光纤激光在硬质合金基体表面制备具有不同深度、直径及密度的微织构。采用CC800/9XL型超高真空多功能磁控溅射系统在硬质合金表面制备TiAlN涂层。通过Leica DM2500 M透射光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析了TiAlN涂层的表面形貌。利用MFT-4000型涂层附着力自动划痕仪对涂层-基体结合力进行表征。结果表明:激光微织构工艺能提高硬质合金基体与TiAlN涂层的结合力,比基体表面未织构工艺提高了近5倍。     

Nano-TiO2/FEVE氟碳涂层的水云藻附着性能

为了研发新型无毒舰船防污涂料,以FEVE氟碳树脂为成膜物、纳米TiO2粉末为功能添加剂,试制了系列Nano–TiO2/FEVE氟碳涂层,研究了纳米TiO2含量对大型藻(水云藻)附着行为的影响。结果表明,水云藻的附着量随着涂层中纳米TiO2含量的增加而减少,当纳米TiO2含量达到0.8%时,水云藻附着量降至最少,纳米TiO2含量由0.8%增大至2%,水云藻的附着量增大,纳米TiO2含量继续增大至4%,涂层上水云藻的附着量反而减小。纳米TiO2对水云藻的附着具有明显的阻止作用,可以成为一种安全环保的防污功能添加剂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。