220 kV线路鸟害故障分析及防治对策

针对巴彦淖尔河套地区近年来220kV线路连续不断发生的鸟害故障,通过分析比较,阐述了鸟类对架空电力线路的危害,分析了河套地区鸟害故障的原因特征及故障规律,并结合工作实际提出了具体的防鸟害措施。     

架空输电线路鸟害防治措施研究现状及展望

鸟害是威胁架空输电线路安全稳定运行的重要因素之一。全面分析和评价应用于国内外输电线路的鸟害故障防治措施,提出了应重视鸟害防治工作、借鉴其他学科研究成果、建立引鸟、驱鸟、防鸟三位一体的鸟害防治体系,绘制鸟害等级区划图等建议,以期为提高电网的安全可靠性、防治鸟害故障提供参考。     

变电站鸟害分析与防治措施

为降低电网变电站鸟害风险,首先探讨电网变电站内潜在筑巢鸟类的种类,随后从变电站户外/半户内/户内站类型、电压等级、鸟巢位置、鸟巢发现时间等维度,开展变电站鸟害统计分析.通过对比分析苏州电网目前采用的"驱、堵、引"等3类鸟害防治措施,提出了变电站鸟害防治的建议.     

架空电力线路鸟害分析与预防

针对鸟类的频繁活动极易造成电力架空线路故障甚至事故,从鸟害的形成机理上进行分析和归类,并提出了相应的防治措施。     

基于主动探测技术的输电线路驱鸟策略研究

为解决鸟害引起的输配电线路故障,通过总结鸟害故障机理,分析鸟害事故较严重的华北地区鸟害的时间规律,提出了基于光电探测技术、激光立体扫描和能源优化设计的驱鸟策略。研究表明,鸟害故障一般发生在春秋两季,且06:00～08:00时间段故障率较高;光电探测技术可探测与探测平面成60°范围内的飞鸟;激光器可实现上下左右10°范围内立体式驱鸟,覆盖范围广;驱鸟策略采用定扫模式和巡航模式,系统综合功耗优化至38AH,鸟害故障率降低了60%。研究结果为输配电线路鸟害故障治理提供了参考。     

具有波浪能转换功能的浮式防波堤性能研究

文章对具有波浪能转换功能的浮式防波堤性能进行评估。根据有限元空间离散法和VOF技术建立二维数值波浪水槽,模拟波浪和浮体之间的相互作用以及浮体的运动,同时记录浮体前后的波高,讨论浮子尺寸和阻尼系数对波浪透射系数和波浪能提取效率的影响。结果表明:波浪透射系数随着阻尼系数的增加而减小;在文章研究的浮子尺寸范围内,最大能量提取效率和最佳阻尼系数都随着浮子尺寸的增加而增加。     

基于红外测温的内部缺陷尺寸、方位的计算方法研究

对具有内部缺陷的平板试件的传热建立了三维物理和数学模型,提出了通过表面红外测温确定内部缺陷尺寸、方位的计算方法。同时,分析了测量误差和缺陷导热系数对计算结果的影响。通过计算分析可以得到结论：本方法可以精确地确定内部缺陷的尺寸和方位,测量误差对内部缺陷估计的影响较小;在试件的导热系数远大于缺陷的导热系数时,缺陷导热系数的微小变化对缺陷尺寸和位置的计算没有明显的影响;适用于任何尺寸、方位可用有限个参数描述的内部缺陷的检测。     

超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷屏竖直集箱流量分配数值模拟及试验研究

针对上海锅炉厂有限公司350 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷屏的结构,建立了竖直集箱内空气-水两相流动试验平台.根据质量守恒、动量守恒和补充方程,建立了水冷屏竖直集箱内流量分配的数学计算模型,进行了35％额定负荷时不同干度试验工况下竖直集箱内流量分配的计算,得到了各支管内质量流量不均匀系数、最大质量流量偏差系数、体积流量含气率不均匀系数和最大体积流量含气率偏差系数,并将理论计算值与试验值进行了对比.结果表明:对于单一工况,从第1根支管到第4根支管,质量流量逐渐增加,质量流量偏差系数从负数增大为正数,体积流量含气率逐渐减小,体积流量含气率不均匀系数从正数减小为负数;计算所得数据的变化规律与试验结果一致,且随着干度的增大,计算值与试验值的偏差逐渐减小.     

不同因素对各类型晶体硅光伏组件温度系数的影响研究

以7种不同类型的晶体硅光伏组件作为研究对象,通过温度系数测量实验,针对光伏组件老化、太阳电池技术、太阳电池尺寸、光伏组件类型等因素对晶体硅光伏组件温度系数的影响进行了分析研究。首先研究了常规老化多晶硅光伏组件的温度系数,然后探讨了双面单晶硅光伏组件温度系数测试方法的具体要求,最后对比分析了采用不同太阳电池技术和尺寸封装的不同类型单晶硅光伏组件的温度系数。研究结果表明：1)在光伏电站现场使用过的常规老化多晶硅光伏组件的温度系数依然保持稳定;2)使用门框内表面为黑色的瞬态太阳光模拟器对双面单晶硅光伏组件进行温度系数测试时,可以不必对光伏组件背部进行遮挡;3)并串结构的半片单晶硅光伏组件的温度系数与太阳电池尺寸、单面或双面发电无直接关系;4)PERC、TOPCon单晶硅光伏组件的温度系数虽然存在一定的差异,但总体来看差异不大。     

过量空气系数对沼气内燃机_ORC系统性能的影响

为改善沼气内燃机-ORC(有机朗肯循环)联合循环系统的性能,研究了过量空气系数的影响。建立了内燃机-ORC联合循环系统数值模型,在理论空燃比和过量空气系数分别为1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6下用不同甲烷体积分数的沼气进行了模拟计算。通过模拟分析得出:在一定范围内,增大过量空气系数能够提高联合循环系统的热效率,但随着沼气中甲烷体积分数的增大,有利于提高联合循环系统热效率的过量空气系数的范围越小;当过量空气系数相同时,联合循环系统热效率随甲烷体积分数的增大而增加。     

Deep learning–based automatic bird identification system for offshore wind farms

Practical deterrent methods are needed to prevent collisions between birds and wind turbine blades for offshore wind farms. It is improbable that a single deterrent method would work for all bird species in a given area. An automatic bird identification system is required in order to develop bird species–level deterrent methods. This system is the first and necessary part of the entirety that is eventually able to automatically monitor bird movements, identify bird species, and launch deterrent measures. A prototype system has been built on Finnish west coast. In the proposed system, a separate radar system detects birds and provides WGS84 coordinates to a steering system of a camera. The steering system consists of a motorized video head and our software to control it. The steering system tracks flying birds in order to capture series of images by a digital single‐lens reflex camera. Classification is based on these images, and it is implemented by convolutional neural network trained with a deep learning algorithm. We applied to the images our data augmentation method in which images are rotated and converted into different color temperatures. The results indicate that the proposed system has good performance to identify bird species in the test area. Aiming accuracy for the video head was 88.91 %. Image classification performance as true positive rate was 0.8688.     

基于鸟鸣功率谱密度的输电线路涉鸟故障相关鸟种智能识别

鸟类活动对架空输电线路的运行影响较大,不同鸟种引起的线路故障差异明显,为了提高渉鸟故障防治的针对性,需分类识别输电线路相关鸟种。以鸟粪类、鸟巢类、鸟体短接类、鸟啄类四种渉鸟故障对应的8种代表性鸟种为例,通过分帧加窗、端点检测等预处理,采用离散傅里叶变换和Welch算法获取不同鸟鸣信号的功率谱密度(PSD)图,从中提取129个频率点的PSD特征,并基于随机森林建立分类识别模型,以PSD特征作为输入量,开展模型训练和不同鸟种分类测试,8种鸟类的识别准确率为83.3%~100.0%,提高了渉鸟故障防治措施的精准性。     

Development and application of see-through a-Si solar cells

A new type of translucent amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cell, called the see-through a-Si solar cell, is developed. It has multiple microscopic holes within its effective area to transmit light and it generates electric power. A series of technical data on the fabrication processing with various patterning and photovoltaic performance are presented. Some examples of application systems such as car sunroof and home interior are introduced and discussed on a wide variety of new areas of PV applications. The see-through a-Si solar cell was mounted on a car sunroof to drive the car's ventilating system or to charge its battery. The ventilating system reduced the interior temperature of the car from 61 to 47°C during daytime parking.     

一体化节能台区在农村配网中的应用

在解读一体化节能台区定义的基础上,叙述了一体化节能台区的设备构成及其功能。结合配电网能效管理主站系统,给出了一体化节能台区与之通信的网络架构。通过应用实例的介绍,证实一体化节能台区实现了对低压农网设备的监测和预警,完成了对小动力客户的能效管理;通过采集试点客户用电设备的用电数据并进行统计分析,制定最佳节能方案,指导客户合理用电。不管是技术方面还是管理方面,一体化节能台区都实现了节能降损,值得推广应用。     

Framework for the quantitative modelling of the European methodology for qualification of non-destructive testing

The European methodology for qualification of non-destructive testing has been adopted as the basis of inspection qualifications for nuclear utilities in many European countries. According to this methodology, the inspection qualification is based on a combination of technical justification and practical trials. The methodology is qualitative in nature, and it does not give explicit guidance on how the evidence from the technical justification and results from trials should be weighted. This article discusses the quantification of the methodology. A structured and quantified approach to combine evidence from technical justifications and practical trials would provide improved transparency in the qualification process. A Bayesian framework for the quantification process is presented and examples of possibilities to combine technical justification and trial results are given. The article also identifies the areas needing further development.     

Economic viability analysis of planned WEC system installations for electrical power production

The aim of this investigation is the development and implementation of a general and systematic procedure for the evaluation of the economic viability of planned installations of wind energy converters (WEC) for the purpose of electrical power production. The procedure is based on: the assessment of wind energy potential of an area (of interest); the limitations involved in selecting specific locations/sites for system installation in this area; the technical specification of a candidate WEC system; and the assessment of the economic viability of such electrical power production systems by applying suitable economic/financial analysis techniques. The proposed procedure was illustrated by applying it in the Thrace area of Greece, taking into consideration the national legislative frame for the exploitation of wind energy resources, and the associated subsidy provided for developing private enterprises with respect to the purchase and installation of the relevant technical equipment. The obtained computational results favor by comparison the installation of medium size WECs (150–500 kW) for the case of independent producers over the case of auto-producers.     

山东省荆泉岩溶水系统地下水资源开发潜力研究

为了正确评价和合理开发荆泉岩溶水资源,采用MODFLOW软件,建立了荆泉岩溶水系统地下水流数值模型,利用地下水管理软件(GWM),将地下水流数值模型与最优化模型耦合,并以开采量最大化为目标,以不低于该地区防止岩溶地面塌陷所限定的控制水位为约束条件,根据荆泉地区1991～2016年的降雨资料,确定预测模型的降雨补给条件,在此基础上,对荆泉水源地地下水开采潜力进行了模拟评价,进而给出荆泉水源地最优开采量,为荆泉水资源开发管理提供了技术支撑。     

厂用电动机配电电缆经济截面的优化选择

电动机配电电缆通常是根据敷设条件确定电缆型号,然后根据常用图表选出符合其载流量要求并满足电压损失及热稳定要求的电缆截面。但是,这种方法选择的电缆截面在经济上是否最佳呢？本文将利用“偿还年限法”对此加以讨论,通过几个实例的分析和定量计算,既经济技术比较来寻求具有最佳经济效益的选择方案。     

江西电网涉鸟故障分析及防范

为分析江西电网涉鸟故障原因及规律,通过统计2009~2016年涉鸟故障,发现涉鸟故障主要发生在农田或邻近水源低海拔地区,4~7月为涉鸟故障发生的高峰期,且鸟巢类故障主要发生在凌晨和早晨,而鸟粪类故障主要发生在夜间至凌晨。同时,涉鸟故障发生的概率还与杆塔的电压等级、杆塔结构型式、排列方式、相别和天气有关。为更好地防范涉鸟故障的发生,综合考虑鸟类分布、人类干扰度、地理环境和运行经验等要素,提出了涉鸟故障差异化防治措施。研究成果对于降低涉鸟故障率,保障电网安全运行有重要意义。