奥氏体锰钢高应变速率孪生诱导塑性

研究了应变速率对奥氏体中高锰钢塑性的影响。结果表明：室温拉伸，中锰钢伸长率由低应变速率10^-3S^-1时的22．8％增加到高应变速率10^3S^-1时的67．4％，增加2倍；高锰钢伸长率由低应变速率10^-3S^-1时的49．5％增加到高应变速率10^3S^-1时的64．4％，增加30％。中高锰钢高应变速率增塑效应，主要与孪生变形大量启动有关，其断裂机制由低应变速率的沿晶断裂转化为高应变速率的晶内韧窝韧性断裂。     

剪切作用对油气两相流粘度特性影响的实验研究

以国产Ｎ３２液压油作为研究对象，采用自行研制的旋转式粘度测量装置，对低剪切作用下油气两相流粘度特性进行了研究，发现其粘度特性受剪应变率影响，并归纳出这种影响的关系式。通过用改装后的ＭＰＶ－１５００试验机在高剪切作用下的实验，证明了该关系式具有广泛的意义。     

高速变形材料塑性及JC和MSV断裂准则的表达能力

研究了超高变形速率下材料的塑性(延性)演化规律和断裂行为。通过45钢、Ti-6Al-4V、Al2024-T3和Al2024-T351四种材料高速变形数据,考察了JC断裂准则和MSV断裂准则对于高应变率下材料失效行为的表达能力。研究发现,JC断裂准则中材料的失效应变随着应变率的增加单调增大,JC断裂准则能够描述中低应变率范围内(0-10~3/s)材料的断裂情况;对于应变率更高(≥10~4/s)情况下材料的断裂行为,JC断裂准则不能描述。材料的MSV在约10~4/s时突然增大,MSV断裂准则能够描述超高应变率下材料的断裂趋势。     

12Cr1MoV钢多道次轧制相变工艺的研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟实验机上进行压缩实验,通过改变压下量、应变速率和冷却速率研究应变诱导相变的规律。研究表明,铁素体随变形量的增加而增大,并且铁素体晶粒尺寸随变形量的增加而减小;铁素体随应变速率的升高而减少,并且晶粒随应变速率的升高而变小;铁素体随冷却速率的升高变化不大,但晶粒变小。     

应变速率和位移速率对测定金属材料屈服强度影响的探讨

采用应变速率、位移速率和分段进行应变速率控制模式,测定有明显物理屈服金属材料的拉伸屈服强度,分析应变速率和位移速率对测定屈服强度影响,探讨在拉伸试验中如何正确使用应变速率控制模式。     

材料的应变率强化与磨削加工中的尺寸效应

根据对磨粒接触区材料应变、应变率的分析,以及剪切区热量分配的简化公式,考虑金属材料的应变率效应对磨削过程的影响,指出磨削中的尺寸效应在一定程度上与材料的应变率强化效应有关,认为尺寸效应是应变硬化、应变率强化所造成的热软化,以及材料缺陷等多种因素共同作用的结果,在某些条件下,应变率效应将起主要作用。磨削速度与未变形切屑厚度的乘积是决策 剪切变形机制的重要参数。该乘积值超过临界值,有可能形成失稳剪切。     

GH2132高温高应变率下力学性能分析与Johnson-Cook本构模型的建立

对铁基高温合金GH2132进行了准静态压缩试验和分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验,获得了该材料在不同温度和应变率下的应力应变曲线,分析了其力学行为.GH2132在准静态压缩过程中出现加工硬化且没有明显的屈服阶段.在SHPB试验中,GH2132有明显的温度软化效应,当应变率在4000～8000 s-1之间时表现出应变率...     

Plane strain tension of thermo-elasto-viscoplastic blocks

The thermocoupled flow localization of plane strain tension blocks has been investigated. These blocks have a relatively low strain rate sensitivity and comply with an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive equation which has a viscoplastic strain rate noncoaxial with the stress tensor. Attention has been paid to deformations with a strain rate in the range of 0.02–2000/s under isothermal, conductive and adiabatic conditions. A full plane strain finite element analysis of the velocity and temperature fields has partially clarified the effects of the deformation rate, material strain rate sensitivity, thermal conductivity and size of the blocks on flow localization, including the shear band type of flow localization.     

高应变率对AM60镁合金力学性能的影响

分别采用静态拉伸试验机和冲击拉伸试验机测定了AM60压铸镁合金在不同应变率下(0.000 1,0.01,300和1 400 S-1)的拉伸力学性能,重点分析了高应变率对合金力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)对拉伸断口进行了分析.结果表明:在应变率很低和很高时,合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度随着应变率的增加变化不大;从静态和动态(高应变率)结果综合比较来看,应变率对强度和断后伸长率有一定的影响,而弹性模量则对应变率不敏感;另外,动态和静态的断裂方式基本相同,都是以准解理断裂为主,局部区域呈沿晶断裂,局部区域存在典型的缩松断裂形貌.     

Strain rate effect on the failure properties of tendons

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of strain rate on the failure properties of tendons. Seventy-five chicken flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons were tensile tested at 15 strain rates, ranging from 0.05 to 150 per cent/s. Results showed that strain rate had little effect on the shape of the stress-strain curve. No significant change was observed in the toe region, while the slope of the linear region increased with the increase in strain rate. Generally, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus increased significantly as strain rate increased (p < 0.01), while no significant change in strain at UTS (p > 0.01) was observed. It was found the change in failure properties of tendons was not significant, with small change in strain rate.     

中应变率光电检测装置的试验研究

研制了中应变率材料试验机的主要信号检测装置———以位敏器件 (PSD)为传感器的中应变率光电检测装置 ,并用该装置对中应变率材料的力学性能进行了试验研究。试验结果验证了采用非接触式光电检测技术测量中应变率材料力学性能的可行性。     

高速切削过程中绝热剪切临界条件的研究

对高速切削过程中绝热剪切带的特征进行了分析,获得了绝热剪切临界切削条件:绝热剪切发生的临界条件由剪应变、剪应变率和变形温度三者组成。在临界状态下,当变形温度一定时,临界剪应变与临界剪应变率成反比。变形温度越高,绝热剪切所需临界剪应变或临界剪应变率越大。当切削速度提高到一定程度时,锯齿形基体屑片间连续面积随着剪切带开裂而减小,直至完全分裂分离。     

高应变速率下铸态AM80镁合金的变形行为及数值模拟

采用INSTRON准静态压缩实验机和分离式霍普金森压杆装置对铸造固溶态AM80镁合金不同应变速率下的压缩变形行为进行了研究,应变速率分别为0.0001s-1、800s-1、1050s-1、1600s-1、1850s-1和2100s-1。结果表明：当应变速率ε˙≤1850s-1时,实验用AM80镁合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,表现出明显的正应变速率敏感性;当应变速率增至2100s-1时,由于局部温升效应,合金产生了明显的动态软化,导致流变应力反而略有减小。采用Johnson-Cook材料模型对实验用AM80镁合金在不同应变速率下的变形行为进行描述,并取材料应变速率强化参数为应变速率的函数。对比结果表明,所建立的本构方程与实验结果基本吻合。此外,由于力学本构忽略了由形变引起的温升软化,基于ABAQUS的仿真结果在较低应变速率（800s-1）和高应变速率（1850s-1）的中低应变下与实验结果吻合得较好;而在高应变速率（1850s-1）的较高应变条件下,仿真结果与实验结果差异较大。     

表面粘贴式MEMS应变传感器的应变传递分析

表面粘贴式MEMS应变传感器已被广泛运用于航空航天、汽车工业及土木工程等领域的应变测量和监测中。但由于粘接层的影响,结构的应变并不能全部准确、有效地传递到MEMS应变传感器上,造成传感器的测量值与结构的真实应变之间存在一定误差。为了分析表面粘贴式MEMS应变传感器的应变传递机理,基于剪滞理论建立了MEMS应变传感器的力学分析模型,推导出基体和MEMS应变传感器基底上的应变分布、粘接层中的剪力分布及表征MEMS应变传感器应变传递效果的应变传递率,并与有限元数值模拟结果进行了比较。特别地,具体分析了粘接层及MEMS应变传感器基底的几何参数和物理特性参数对应变传递率的影响。结果表明,金属类粘接材料的应变传递率明显高于有机胶的应变传递率,且粘接层厚度越薄,应变传递效果越好。此外,在制造MEMS应变传感器时,采用厚度较薄的Si或Si C基底能保证较高的应变传递率。     

Integration of a new data acquisition/processing scheme in SHPB test and characterization of the dynamic material properties of high-strength steels using the optional form of Johnson-Cook model

In this study, high strain rate conditions were obtained using a compressive split-Hopkinson pressure bar test apparatus that adopted a new data acquisition and processing scheme utilizing a LabVIEW system. Quasi-static strain rate conditions were obtained using a universal testing machine. The material responses of three high-strength steels under high strain rate and quasi-static conditions were investigated. They were characterized using the Johnson-Cook constitutive model. Two other optional strain rate forms were substituted for the constitutive model to predict material flow stress, especially at high strain rates exceeding 10⁴ s^?1. The considered optional strain rate forms were the modified Johnson-Cook and Huh-Kang models, which both showed a non-linear relation between flow stress and logarithm strain rate. The material parameters in the constitutive equations of the three high-strength steels were evaluated by fitting and comparing the data over a wide range of strain rates.     

TC17钛合金在高温与高应变率下的动态压缩力学行为研究

采用微型分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统对TC17钛合金在高温、高应变率条件下的动态力学行为进行研究,测试材料的应力应变行为,分析实验温度、应变率和应变对其动态力学性能的影响规律。实验结果表明：当应变率为3000s-1时,TC17钛合金表现出明显的应变硬化效应,但在高温、高应变率条件下其应变硬化效应明显减弱;TC17钛合金具有应变率强化效应,但在温度升高过程中其应变率敏感性随着实验温度的升高而先减小后增大;实验温度对TC17钛合金的动态压缩力学行为的影响非常明显,温度敏感性因子随温度的升高大幅度增大。     

Non-uniformity of strains in shearing within the warm-forming temperature range

The strain rate and temperature distribution in a thin-walled tubular specimen subjected to torsion within the warm-forming temperature range has been analysed. New constitutive relations have been applied, in which the yield stress depends not only on the current values of strain rate and temperature but also on the deformation history due to the recovery and possibly recrystallization. The results of numerical calculations indicate that, if the specimen length exceeds a critical value, the straining process becomes unstable and strain localization in the form of a shear band occurs. If the specimen length is sufficiently small the strain rate and temperature distribution tends to be stabilized. Also the influence of initial temperature and strain rate has been analysed.     

Die design optimization for axisymmetric hot extrusion of metal matrix composites

Strain rate sensitive materials such as Ti alloys, superplastic materials and metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be deformed only in very narrow range of strain rate. In this work, a new process design method for controlling strain rate in workpiece during hot extrusion process is proposed. In this approach, a coupled numerical approach of finite element analysis and optimization technique to optimal profiled die which yields more uniform strain rate distribution in the deforming region is applied to the hot extrusion process of MMCs. Extrusion die profiles are defined by Bezier curves, and FPS (flexible polyhedron search) method is used as optimization technique. The change of relative deviation of strain rate, the progressive development of die profiles with increase of iteration for optimization and the corresponding strain rate distributions are investigated. In addition, the die profiles by optimization scheme for different extrusion ratios are compared with those by analytical solution.     

3104铝合金的流变应力行为与动态再结晶

对3104铝合金在350-500℃以0．005-0．1s^-1的形变速率进行压缩，真应变为50％，随后立即水冷。采用真应力一真应变曲线和TEM研究其高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为和它的动态再结晶过程。结果表明：3104铝合金为正应变速率敏感材料，具有稳态流变的特征。流变应力随着变形速率的增加而增加，随着变形温度的升高而降低。在低形变温度(350℃)和低形变速率(0．035s^-1)下，该合金发生动态再结晶。     

A study to estimate the tensile strength of friction stir welded AA 5059 aluminium alloy joints

The influence of strain rate on the frictional behaviour of AA7075 aluminium alloy, in the O-annealed temper state, was studied. Attention was focused on the evaluation of the mechanisms affecting friction at high strain rate. To this purpose, axisymmetric and ring compression tests were carried out using the split Hopkinson tension-compression bar in the direct version. The flow curves were investigated in a wide range of strain rates using cylindrical specimens characterised by different slenderness ratios. The results of the axisymmetric compression tests showed an appreciable strain rate sensitivity of the deforming material with a marked increase in flow stress with strain rate in the dynamic loading condition. As far as the ring compression tests are concerned, different strain rates were obtained using hollow cylinders with different initial sizes. The analysis of the results showed that strain rate affects the variation of the inner ring diameter, irrespective of the height reduction and frictional condition. Axysimmetric and ring compression tests were also performed under the quasi-static loading condition and the experimental results did not show any appreciable effect of strain rate on flow curves and frictional behaviour. Finally, the different frictional behaviour between the quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions was attributed both to the reduction in the lubricant film thickness and change in the viscous actions at the specimen-tool interface.