基于整车多体模型的重型车辆对路面的损伤评价

为研究重型车辆对路面的损伤程度,利用多体动力学仿真软件SIMPACK建立了重型载货汽车整车行驶动力学模型。分析了6×4和8×4载货汽车满载和超载在B级路面以不同车速行驶时,各轴轮胎动载荷系数和法向作用力的变化规律;以基于95百分位四次幂和力的相对路面损伤系数为具体评价指标,进行了重型车辆对路面损伤程度的评价。结果表明:当载重量一定时,车辆各轴的轮胎动载荷系数和法向作用力均随行驶速度的提高而增大;当行驶速度一定时,车辆各轴的轮胎动载荷系数均随载重量的增加而减小,但轮胎法向作用力却随载重量的增加而增大;前轴轮胎动载荷系数大于中后轴和后轴轮胎动载荷系数,但其轮胎法向作用力小于中后轴和后轴。与6×4载货汽车相比,8×4载货汽车满载和超载在B级路面以不同车速行驶时,相对路面损伤系数下降14.64%～19.01%。采用8×4载货汽车进行货物运输,不但可提高运输效率,降低运输成本,还可减轻重型车辆对路面的损伤程度。     

钢铁企业汽车运输节能环保对策及研究

汽车运输行业是高能耗和污染物排放大户,由于国际油价不断攀升,汽车节能减排不仅为国家宏观调控政策的工作重点,也是降低运输成本,保持运输经济效益需要。三钢汽运为三钢集团运输服务,每年用柴油2000吨到2200吨,若降低5％,可节约柴油100吨,不仅降低废气排放,也可节约能源。本文通过剖析汽车运输过程各个环节中存在的环保问题,提出汽车节能环保的对策。     

国内外乘用车车身轻量化材料应用历史和发展预测

<正>中国逐渐进入汽车社会,汽车用的能源消耗以及排放已经为国家和社会带来了巨大的能源问题和环保压力[1],安全、节能、减少环境污染已经成为汽车行业发展的主要方向[2],汽车行业的节能减排已经刻不容缓[3]。为了推动节能减排,新能源汽车的开发[4]、轻量化汽车的开发[5]等举措均已列入国家以及行业规划。汽车轻量化是汽车节能减排即资源化的主要手段之一[6],能够在汽车使用过程节约燃油消耗并减低废气排放。在汽车     

汽车发动机节能技术浅析

本文通过对发动机的节能原理进行分析,提出了一些节约发动机燃油消耗的措施,对中国汽车节能提出了发展方向。     

基于汽车节油途径及节能技术分析与研究

节约能源、行车安全和环境保护成为目前汽车运输行业管理的三大问题,汽车运输的节能管理,不仅可以降低汽车运输的成本,还能极大提高运输行业的经济效益。本文主要从汽车节油的途径和方法进行分析,进而探讨汽车的节能技术,以期对当前的汽车节能提供相关借鉴。     

节能我行动 低碳新生活 CQC杯节能减排及认证知识有奖问答

"十二五"期间,我国把大幅度降低能源消耗强度、二氧化碳排放和主要污染物的排放总量作为重要的约束性指标,并将采取六大措施力促节能减排。其中要引导绿色消费,即在城乡居民当中大力倡导节约意识,鼓励使用节能节水的认证产品、环境标志产品等就是六大措施之一。同时,各行各业只有坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展,才能实现经济又好又快发展。为此,国家权威认证机构中国质量认证中心(CQC)特推出节能减排及认证知识有奖问答活动,普及节能减排知识,倡导低碳生活,以形成大家广泛参与的社会氛围。     

三峡非标准滚装船告别历史舞台

重庆市、湖北省滚装码头已停止了对非标准滚装船的载货作业，海事部门也停止了对非标准滚装船办理签证手续。自此，三峡非标准滚装船开始退出市场，正式告别历史舞台。     

针对电气自动化节能设计技术的实际应用对策

世界经济的发展过程中都面临着能源问题,随着我国社会经济不断快速发展,不断增加了能源的需求,但是如果继续不合理开发和利用能源,就会引发全球性的能源短缺问题,不利于人类的生存发展。为了同步发展社会经济和能源节约,当前世界经济的主要主题为节能环保。该文论述了电气自动化节能设计技术的实际应用对策,提升电气自动化设计的节能效益。     

关于中国汽车燃料经济性标准及燃料经济性政策研究

随着我国经济的迅速发展 ,如何提高能源效率、调整能源结构、寻求替代能源已经成为实行经济社会可持续发展所必须解决的重要问题。我国于 1998年 1月 1日正式实施《中华人民共和国节约能源法》 ,但在汽车产品上如何实施节能 ,一直是行业专家们关心的问题 ,汽车节能和排放也是国际社会广泛关注的热点和难点问题之一。为此 ,在国家经济贸易委员会的领导下 ,在“美国能源基金会”的大力支持下 ,由中国汽车技术研究中心承担进行的“中国汽车燃料经济性标准及燃料经济性政策研究”项目全面启动。该项研究目前的对象是Ｍ1 类汽车 ,项目的主要研究…     

汽车列车随动转向桥的结构设计

半挂汽车列车是“甩挂运输”、“区段运输”、“滚装运输”的最理想车型，具有良好的运输经济效益，故运输市场对半挂车的需求日益增加。国外研究表明，如果半挂车安装随动转向桥，则可以有效地降低轮胎的磨损，同时也减小最小转弯半径和通道宽度，提高列车的通过性和机动性，从而提高半挂车的可靠性和维修性。     

南水北调工程重大意义及技术关键 第十三届全国结构工程学术会议特邀报告

南水北调通过东、中、西三条调水线路,将长江、淮河、黄河及海河有机联系起来,形成中国水资源南北调配、东西互济的格局。通过南水北调.南方水资源对北方的可持续供给,并可经黄河调配,将在较大程度上突破制约我国北方国土资源利用、经济社会发展及生态环境保护的瓶颈,整体提升我国北方水土资源承载能力,对支撑我国经济社会经济可持续发展具有基础意义。     

开辟长江口深水航道建立上海国际航运中心

开辟长江口深水航道 ,在长江口内建立国际集装箱枢纽港是建成上海国际航运中心 ,以实现以上海浦东开发开放为龙头 ,尽快把上海建成国际经济、金融、贸易中心 ,带动长江三角洲和整个长江流域地区经济新飞跃的关键举措。在长江口南支南港的北槽采用整治与疏浚相结合的治理方案 ,修建双导堤和丁坝 ,以束水归槽 ,并浚深航槽 ,可以使长江口栏门沙滩顶水深从 6m分期加深到 8 5m、 10m和 12 5m ,最终使第三、四代集装箱船可以全天候通行 ,第五、六代超级集装箱船和 10万t级散货轮乘潮进出。同时需建设长江三角洲综合交通运输网     

走马塘拓竣延伸工程对长江水环境影响研究

走马塘拓竣延伸工程是2008年5月国务院批复的《太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案》安排实施的重要引排工程之一。工程主要是解决望虞河引江济太期间西岸地区的排水出路问题:在望虞河引江济太期间,望虞河西岸地区涝水不入望虞河改由走马塘拓浚延伸工程北排长江。笔者重点分析了走马塘排水对长江水环境的影响。     

基于技术差距的长江水系主要内河港口效率

长江水系港口效率评价对科学反映港口效率现状,实现港口有效运营,建设长江经济带具有重要意义。为了弥补现有关于港口效率研究中忽略港口之间存在技术水平异质性的不足,从技术差异影响港口效率这一视角出发,在DEA分析的基础上结合共同边界技术（Meta Frontier production function）,对长江水系主干线21家主要内河港口2010～2012年的共同效率、组群效率以及共同技术比率进行分析。结果显示,长江水系三大群组共同效率均值最大仅为027,总体上效率偏低,存在很大提升空间;群组效率均值分别为058、067和027,不同群组之间技术水平存在差异,技术水平受经济发展程度和地理位置的影响;群组三的共同技术比率为1,虽然达到了潜在最佳共同边界技术水平,但普遍存在管理组织上的无效率,群组一和群组二不论是技术水平还是管理效率都有待进一步提升;长江水系主要内河港口普遍存在严重的投入拥挤、产出不足现象。最后,就如何提升长江水系内河港口效率提出了建议。     

An analytical technique to model and assess sustainable development index in manufacturing enterprises

Sustainable development (SD) will be the driving force to Twenty-first Century as automation was to the Twentieth Century and stream was to Nineteenth Century. There are two levels of sustainability: Macro-Level (country, cities) and Micro-Level (manufacturing enterprises and its town and regional areas). In this paper, Micro-Level of sustainability will be discussed. The major challenge of manufacturing enterprises is modelling and assessing the sustainable development performance. Introducing indexes for sustainable development assessment in manufacturing enterprises is important not only to enable them to quantitatively estimate SD, but also to determine the requirements of components for these enterprises to survive. The main objectives addressed in this paper is how to model the required components and how to introduce a new assessment framework for assessing sustainability from lowest levels, dimensions up to sustainable development level according to Micro-Level. The three pillars of sustainability (economic, social and environmental) are modelled, estimated and incorporated into a concept, the so-called ‘general sustainable development index’. Based on these concepts, the sustainable models will be analysed and presented through covering all aspects/issues of sustainability. The ultimate goal of this paper is considering the needs of manufacturing enterprise to be sustainable as well as to be globalised through introducing the concept of economic-social-environmental sustainable development and basic attitudes related to creating sustainable development value in engineering practices (economic), social (political) and environmental community. An industry-based case study is used to represent sustainability through aspects, performance metrics, indicators and pillars.     

重庆化学工业的发展对区域经济的重要作用

重庆是西南重镇,也是国家布局规划的综合性化工基地。经过六十多年的发展,化学工业已成为了重庆“6＋1”支柱产业之一,建立了门类较齐全的现代化学工业体系,形成了以长寿、涪陵及万州为中心的三大化工基地,力争发挥西部千亿综合性化工基地的优势,拉动长江中上游区域经济的增长。     

秦巴山脉绿色交通体系建设面临的挑战及应对思路

区域定位的改变必将影响交通运输发展的格局。对照秦巴山脉新的区域定位,交通运输发展还存在诸多的问题。本文分析了在建设国家中央主体生态功能示范区及国家中央公园这一目标下,秦巴山脉交通运输发展面临的主要挑战,针对该区域未来的经济社会发展和生态环境保护的双重需求,提出了建设秦巴山脉绿色交通体系的总体思路、发展重点和政策建议。     

Elucidating the Indirect Contributions of Packaging to Sustainable Development: A Terminology of Packaging Functions and Features

Packaging has great potential to contribute to sustainable development through its functions. Previous research has indicated a need for increased knowledge among consumers, suppliers, authorities and media of how packaging functions and features influence sustainable development. Previous research also shows the need for a common terminology of packaging functions and features in order to facilitate and improve communication and understanding in development and decision processes. This conceptual paper sets out to identify, collect, analyse and systemize packaging functions and features and evaluate them based on their indirect contributions to sustainable development. The systemized functions and features are expressed in generic terminology. Three clusters of packaging functions were identified from the literature: protect, facilitate handling and communicate. Nineteen packaging features were also identified. They were grouped under the three functions and elaborated based on their indirect contributions to the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainable development. Fourteen potential positive indirect effects were identified including decreased product waste, reduced risk for human health hazards, increased handling and transport efficiency. Decreased product waste was generated by 13 of the features and was thus the most frequently appearing. Reducing waste is thereby indicated to be a manifold matter, but also one of great potential. The proposed terminology can contribute to an increased understanding of how packaging can actually contribute to sustainable development. In a theoretical context, this paper attempts to complement earlier work in sustainable packaging development by its emphasis on the indirect contributions of packaging to sustainable development.     

Transit temperatures and quality maintenance in export shipments of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)

Observations are presented in the shipment of late-season kiwifruit from California to Europe by three different routes using sea only and combinations of land and sea transport. Time-temperature histories are presented together with quality tests on arrival. Loss of firmness of some batches was the most serious defect but this appeared to be due mainly to softening that occurred in storage prior to shipment.     

Transit temperatures and quality maintenance in export shipments of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)Températures de transport et maintien de la qualité des exportations de kiwis (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)

Observations are presented in the shipment of late-season kiwifruit from California to Europe by three different routes using sea only and combinations of land and sea transport. Time-temperature histories are presented together with quality tests on arrival. Loss of firmness of some batches was the most serious defect but this appeared to be due mainly to softening that occurred in storage prior to shipment.