基于均匀设计的NiCr-Cr_3C_2超声速等离子喷涂工艺参数优化

运用均匀化设计方法研究超声速等离子工艺参数对涂层的孔隙率和显微硬度的影响。利用逐步回归的数学方法回归分析喷涂电压、喷涂电流、氩气流量和喷涂距离对孔隙率、显微硬度的综合作用。回归分析表明,三次多元多项式和二次多元多项式分别适合于表征上述工艺参数对涂层孔隙率和显微硬度的影响规律。对孔隙率回归方程和显微硬度回归方程进行数学处理并分析表明,超声速等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2的最佳工艺参数对应的喷涂电压、喷涂电流、氩气流量和喷涂距离分别185V,375 A,110 L/min和107 mm,该参数下的涂层孔隙率为1.07%,显微硬度值为1 097 HV0.3。经验证,孔隙率及显微硬度回归方程分别适合于表征喷涂电压、喷涂电流、氩气流量和喷涂距离等工艺参数与NiCr-Cr3C2涂层孔隙率及显微硬度的关系。     

高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al/Cr3C2复合涂层的摩擦学特性

运用高速火焰喷涂方法，选用自主研发的Fe-Al／CrsC2喷涂材料，在20钢基体上制备了复合涂层。利用XRD分析了涂层的相组成，利用SEM分析了涂层表面以及磨损表面形貌，对涂层进行了EDAX分析，并对涂层的摩擦学特性进行了研究。结果表明：高速火焰喷涂Fe-Al／Cr3C2复合涂层中主要相包括Fe3Al、Cr3C2和α-Fe相，涂层的磨损率随温度的升高而下降，具有很好的抗高温磨损性能。     

NiCr-Cr_2O_3-BaF_2/CaF_2爆炸喷涂涂层干滑动摩擦磨损性能

在SRV高温摩擦磨损试验机上,考察了25℃和500℃时NiCr-Cr2O3-BaF2/CaF2爆炸喷涂复合涂层与Si3N4球配对时的干滑动摩擦磨损特性。采用FEIQUANTA-600型环境扫描电镜分析了涂层磨损表面形貌,探讨了该爆炸喷涂层的磨损机制。结果表明:500℃时在干滑动摩擦条件下,爆炸喷涂NiCr-Cr2O3-BaF2/CaF2复合涂层表面形成润滑转移膜,显示出优异的高温自润滑性能,与25℃时相比,500℃时涂层的摩擦因数降低了72.2%,磨痕宽度减少了46.6%;温度显著影响涂层的磨损机制,25℃下为黏着磨损,500℃下为严重塑性变形和轻微磨粒磨损。     

不同喷涂工艺制备的Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层表面自由能与冲蚀磨损性能研究

采用接触角测量仪和冲蚀磨损试验机等设备,研究超声速等离子喷涂与普通大气等离子喷涂两种技术制备的Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层的表面自由能和冲蚀磨损性能,并对涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率及成分进行检测分析。研究结果表明,普通大气等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层,其表面和内部结构疏松,孔隙率及显微硬度分别为6.653%和836.93 HV0.1。而超声速等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层,孔隙率及显微硬度分别为3.467%和1 078.68 HV0.1,相比普通大气等离子喷涂而言,超声速等离子喷涂制备的涂层整体性能较为优异。通过对两种涂层的结构和表面自由能分析发现,超声速等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层由于结构致密、表面自由能较低而具有较为出色的冲蚀磨损性能。     

碳钢表面等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的制备及表征

采用不同的喷涂功率,在Q235钢表面喷涂氧化铝涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、金相照相机和显微硬度计表征不同功率下Al2O3陶瓷涂层的成分、表面和界面形貌、金相组织以及显微硬度.结果表明,等离子喷涂能在碳钢表面形成结构致密的Al2O3陶瓷涂层,其与基体的结合主要以冶金的机械结合为主,硬度较基体有明显提高.XRD分析表明,陶瓷涂层中主要的成分是稳定的γ-Al2O3相,存在少量的α-Al2O3,同时还有极少量的其他多晶相和非晶相.     

高速电弧喷涂Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层在脂润滑下的摩擦磨损性能

针对铝合金硬度低、耐磨性差的问题,采用电弧喷涂分别在6061铝合金基体表面喷涂Al和Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层,采用显微硬度计、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪分别对涂层硬度、涂层显微结构、涂层成分进行分析。采用球-盘式往复摩擦试验机考察涂层在脂润滑下的摩擦学性能,并对磨痕形貌和表面主要元素进行观察。结果表明,Al-Ni-Mm-Co涂层的减摩性和抗磨性能均优于6061铝合金和Al涂层,其优异的摩擦学性能归结为摩擦表面形成的Al2O3、NiO、CoO等氧化保护层,主要的磨损形式为疲劳磨损。     

等离子喷涂功率对MOSi_2涂层组织与抗高温氧化性能的影响

以自蔓延合成的MoSi_2粉体为喷涂原料,采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在K403镍基合金表面制备了MoSi_2涂层;采用XRD、SEM和EDS等仪器和高温氧化试验考察了喷涂功率对MoSi_2涂层组织和抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明:涂层中均含有MoSi_2相、Mo_5Si_3相和钼相,随喷涂功率的增大,涂层的相组成由富硅相向富钼相转变;采用30kW喷涂功率可制备出主相为MoSi_2且致密度较高的涂层,可以明显提高基体的抗高温氧化性能。     

内燃机轴瓦高性能纳米MoS_2+C复合涂层的研究

基于纳米技术,采用环保型的喷涂工艺,将减摩性能良好的固体润滑材料MoS2和碳石墨均匀并牢固地喷涂在内燃机滑动轴承的内工作表面,制备一种高性能复合涂层。摩擦学性能测试表明,具有无铅表面涂层的高性能内燃机轴瓦的承载能力和摩擦学性能均优于目前广泛应用的电镀轴瓦。     

基于超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层的显微及性能的研究

重点分析超音速设备制备WC-12Co涂层及其机械性能、摩擦学特性与显微组织特征的关系。利用超音速火焰喷涂来研究其工艺参数对WC-12Co涂层显微结构和摩擦学性能的影响。通过涂层的观察、分析显微组织和利用基于神经网络计算的加强型统计工具研究摩擦力矩,得出超音速火焰喷涂工艺参数对WC-12Co涂层的相结构的组成、硬度和孔隙率有很大的影响;喷涂工艺参数和涂层质量的关系在稳态机制下是完全可以进行预测的。     

PTFE基耐磨固体润滑涂层的摩擦学性能

采用黏接固体润滑涂层法,以聚四氟乙烯为润滑剂,利用喷涂方式在试样上制备2种PTFE基固体耐磨涂层,并采用HSR-2M型高速往复式摩擦磨损试验机对其摩擦学性能进行研究。研究结果表明,水性全氟涂层的摩擦因数不稳定且明显高于油性全氟;随着固化条件的改变,涂层的摩擦因数和磨损量也出现不同程度的变化;当采用油性全氟为润滑剂,固化温度为260℃,固化时间为30 min时,PTFE基耐磨涂层的摩擦因数和磨损量均最小,此时涂层的摩擦学性能最优。     

TiAlN涂层往复滑动的摩擦学性能研究

为研究硬质合金表面沉积的TiA lN涂层的摩擦学行为,在不同介质(干态、乳化液、冷却油)条件和试验参数(法向载荷和位移幅值)下,进行了往复滑动摩擦磨损试验。在动力学分析基础上,结合光学显微镜(OM)、激光共焦扫描显微镜(LCSM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子能谱(EDS)等微观分析手段对摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果显示:在同样条件下,涂层在试验初期的摩擦因数较小;法向载荷增大,涂层的摩擦因数降低,而位移幅值对涂层摩擦因数的影响不明显;基体的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,而涂层剥落是剥层和氧化磨损共同作用的结果;在润滑条件下,涂层的摩擦学性能得到了很大的改善,使涂层寿命得到显著延长,其中冷却油的效果最明显。     

Fretting wear characteristics of cold gas-dynamic sprayed aluminum alloys

Process selection for repair of mechanical components due to wear and corrosion, e.g. damage of aluminum casting housings of fuel injection systems, is based on cost and response time factors, provided that the mechanical performance is maintained within acceptable limits. One of the promising and emerging repair technologies is Cold Gas-Dynamic Spray (CGDS) coating, where a high-pressure gas propels fine powder particles to very high velocities to produce surface coating. It is essential to identify the optimum process conditions and powder composition to produce repaired surfaces with tribological properties close to those of the originally manufactured part (without coating). The objective of this work is to compare the dynamic friction and fretting wear properties of the repaired surfaces using various types of coating composition and spraying techniques. Eight types of CGDS coatings, applied to AMS 4260 aluminum specimens, were fretted against 440C stainless steel specimens at low and high nominal loads to assess their fretting wear resistance, dynamic friction properties and damping capacity. The optimum coating composition and process conditions were identified. In comparison to the uncoated specimen, this optimum coating offered tribological characteristics close to the uncoated material and even better dynamic friction properties.     

含Mo的PVD涂层结构及其摩擦学特性的研究进展

从含Mo元素的代表性涂层入手,综述了二元、三元再到多元含Mo系列PVD涂层的研究现状和进展,探究了不同元素添加、不同制备参数等对涂层微观结构、力学性能和摩擦学性能等的影响。在涂层组分从二元发展到多元的过程中,改变掺杂元素种类、含量,制备参数会引起涂层微观结构的变化进而提升涂层力学性能和摩擦学性能。涂层性能的改善,有利于增强对机械设备中关键传动零部件的保护,延长机械设备使用寿命,对军工及社会发展具有重大意义。     

Tribological study of NiCrBSi coating obtained by different processes

Thermal spraying offers a wide range of coatings with very different composition and properties. NiCrBSi is a Ni-base superalloy widely used to obtain high wear resistant coatings. This coating is usually heat treated after thermal spraying to improve their tribological properties. In this work a tribological comparison between NiCrBSi coatings obtained by spray&fuse and as-sprayed coatings obtained by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) spraying is carried out. Ball on Disk (BOD) tests are performed with a martensitic plain steel as counterface and wear parameters are calculated by means of Scanning White Light Interferometry (SWLI). Main wear mechanisms are investigated by the characterisation of the coating wear track and debris using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It is observed that different wear mechanisms take place in the coatings obtained by the diverse processes.     

Friction and Thermal Effects of Engineering Plastics Sliding Against Steel and DLN-Coated Counterfaces

Polymers are increasingly used in tribological applications, because of their self-lubricating ability, corrosion resistance and chemical compatibility. However, their performance depends strongly on the parameters of the total tribological system. Not only polymer characteristics, but also counterface properties become important because of their influence on friction and wear, on surface energy and on the thermal conductivity of the total system. Applying a Diamond-Like Nanocomposite (DLN) coating on a steel counterface can improve the tribological behaviour of the sliding couple under certain conditions. In the case of metal sliding against DLN, the high hardness and the wear resistance of the coating is advantageous for better tribological properties. However, for polymers sliding against DLN, the lower thermal conductivity of the DLN coating compared with a steel mating surface dominates friction and wear. In case of polyamides this results in worse tribological performance in contact with the DLN coating, because of polymer melting. In the case of more rigid polymers, such as, e.g., POM-H and PETP, lower coefficients of friction lead to lower frictional heat generation. In these cases, the thermal characteristics of the counterface are less important and the lower surface energy of the DLN coating is favourable for decreased adhesion between the polymer and the coating and consequently better tribological properties.     

Investigation on MoS2 and graphite coatings and their effects on the tribological properties of the radial spherical plain bearings

With constant enlargement of the application areas of the spherical plain bearings, higher quality lubrication of the bearings is required. To solve the lubricating problems of spherical plain bearings under high temperature, high vacuum, high speed, heavy loads and strong oxidation conditions, it is urgent for us to develop more excellent self-lubricating technologies. In this paper, the bonded solid lubricant coatings, which use inorganic phosphate as the binder, the mixture of MoS2 and graphite with two different weight proportions as the solid lubricant, are prepared by spraying under three different spray gun pressures. The bonding strength tests on the coatings show that the best spraying pressure is 0.2 MPa and the better mixing proportion of MoS2 to Graphite is 3:1. Then for the radial spherical plain bearings with steel/steel friction pair, after the coatings are made on the inner ring outer surfaces, the friction coefficient, the wear loss and the friction temperature of the bearings under four oscillating frequencies are investigated by a self-made tribo-tester. The test results, SEM of the worn morphologies and EDS of worn areas show that tribological properties of the bearing are obviously improved by the bonded solid lubricant coatings. When sprayed under the spray gun pressure of 0.2 MPa, the bearings have better anti-friction and anti-wear properties than those sprayed under 0.1 MPa and 0.3 MPa. Further as proved from the XPS analysis, between the coating with 3:1 mixing ratio of MoS2 to Graphite and the coating with 1:1 ratio, the former has less oxidation occurred on the surface and therefore has better tribological characteristics than the latter. This paper provides a reference to developing a new product of the radial spherical plain bearings with high bonding strength, oxidation resistance and abrasion resistance.     

甘油润滑下CrCN涂层的超低摩擦特性

为开发与CrCN涂层具有良好配伍润滑性能的绿色润滑剂,使用磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢表面沉积CrCN涂层,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、纳米压痕仪、维氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪分别对其表面形貌、涂层厚度、力学性能、物相组成以及元素化学价态进行分析,并借助多功能摩擦磨损试验机评价在甘油润滑下CrCN涂层的摩擦学性能,并与PAO6润滑下结果进行比较。利用磁控溅射技术在不锈钢表面构筑的CrCN涂层表面光滑致密,粗糙度仅为1.01 nm,硬度可达14.39 GPa。对比钢-钢和钢-CrCN体系的摩擦学性能发现,钢-CrCN体系在甘油润滑下展现出优异的润滑性能;当负载为0.5 N时,钢-CrCN体系在甘油润滑下的摩擦因数可低至0.01,大大低于PAO6润滑下的摩擦因数。对磨痕的XPS分析表明,在摩擦过程中,甘油发生摩擦化学反应,在CrCN涂层的接触表面生成一层FeOOH层,甘油分子及其降解产物可能进一步吸附在FeOOH层,形成流体润滑层,有效降低了摩擦和磨损。     

Effect of Interlayer Thickness of Ion-Plated Pb-Coating on Its Life (SUS440C Substrates)

High-precision ball bearings (SUS440C) used in spacecraft mechanisms that are exposed to deep space vacuum are solid lubricated by thin, adherent Pb ion-plated coatings. The high reliability requirements with long endurance life of these mechanisms solely depend on the tribological aspects of this solid-lubrication coating. Since ion-plated, soft metallic coatings have a graded coating–substrate interface structure, a gradual change in mechanical, chemical and thermal properties is expected across the depth of the coating. This aspect of the interlayer plays a major role in determining the extent of optimum tribological properties of the coating. By improving the interlayer, both in terms of increased thickness and concentration of Pb, a corresponding improvement in the lubricity and endurance life of this Pb ion-plated coating on AISI 440C stainless steel (bearing material) can be assured. For this, a detailed examination of the interlayer of the ion-plated Pb film on the nano-micro level is mandatory. This report is focused on the cross-sectional examination of the interlayer by scanning electron microscopy. SUS440C steel disk specimens having similar properties as the bearing material and with a thin, ion-plated Pb coating processed under two different substrate bias conditions of ion-plating are used. The thickness of the Pb/steel interlayer and the elemental composition are analyzed using SEM and EDS respectively. The endurance life of the coatings is measured by repeated sliding wear tests with a pin-on-disk tester in vacuum. It is confirmed that with an increased thickness of the graded interfacial layer of the Pb ion-plated coating, the coating endurance life is extended remarkably.     

石墨烯/MoS2复合涂层多环境下的摩擦学性能

以MoS2作为润滑剂,以石墨烯(GE)作为润滑添加剂,采用喷涂法在GCr15钢样片表面制备不同含量的GE/MoS2复合涂层.利用HSR-2M型高速往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层在干摩擦及海水环境中的摩擦磨损性能,并分析了磨痕形貌及磨损机制.结果表明:添加适量石墨烯可明显改善MoS2涂层的摩擦磨损性能,且海水环境中涂层的摩...