用UML和Object-Z描述交互式系统的接口规格说明

随着图形用户界面的普及，交互已成为目前软件系统的一个重要特征。与传统的基于字符界面的软件系统相比，基于图形用户界面的软件系统，从某种程序上可看作是一个交互式系统。形式化的规格说明具有精确性，无二义性和一致性等优点，用形式化说明语言来描述交互式系统用户接口的规格说明有很强的实用价值。由于形式化的规格说明的可读很差，因此可以采用标准的对象建模UML来帮助对形式化规格说明的理解。     

基于GTK＋的任意波形发生器图形用户界面开发

GTK＋是一种图形用户界面库,现在已经发展成为嵌入式应用领域中开发图形界面应用程序的主流工具之一。本文介绍了GTK＋的技术原理,并以基于GTK＋的任意波形发生器图形界面开发为例讨论了图形用户界面开发的基本方法。     

基于PBS的机群任务调度管理中间件的设计与实现

介绍了基于PBS的机群任务调度管理中间件，是基于现在比较流行的调度系统PBS进行开发和封装，对上层提供了统一的接口．同时在该中间件中还封装了用户管理模块、配置模块和任务调度模块，采用基于XML的通信协议．该中间件具有很强的扩展性，可以扩展应用于LSF等多种流行的机群任务调度系统．最后，在该中间件之上，使用Java开发了前台图形界面，实现了一整套完备的具有实时监控和远程管理能力的机群任务管理系统．     

一种基于ARM的电费综合自助系统的设计与实现

本文主要介绍以ARM7为内核的SEP4020为微控制单元,Linux为操作系统,MiniGUI为图形开发工具,所构成的软硬件平台上实现的一种电费综合自助服务系统。该系统操作简单,界面友好,功能强大,具有广泛的应用前景。     

嵌入式Linux系统平台的构建

为了适应目前嵌入式系统操作平台在性能、成本、可靠性等各方面的要求，文章论述了以Linux作为操作系统平台的优势，分析了以PC104卡和CompactFlash卡构造带图形用户界面(GUI)的Linux系统的关键技术。     

基于模型的用户界面代码自动生成

基于模型的用户界面开发环境(MB_UIDEs)旨在通过使用某种特定的方法给设计人员提供一种更加系统的用户界面开发途径。文章介绍的就是一个新的基于FMP模型的用户界面开发环境。文中主要介绍它的系统机构,代码生成模型,代码生成过程中所采用的技术和算法等。它能够自动地生成交互系统的源代码,当然也包括图形用户界面的源代码。     

A light-weight UIMS

We built a limited but successful user interface management system named HYPE which supports rapid interactive creation and organization of user interfaces for a large class of applications. HYPE is targeted at applications for which the user interface is only loosely coupled to the application. Examples of this class of application are ‘command line-driven’ programs. Many applications in this class can be quickly given satisfactory direct-manipulation interfaces with little or no reprogramming of the application. The programmer need only be familiar with HYPE, and not with the particular windowing system upon which it sits.

• 1 The appearance of the interface is specified interactively through the direct manipulation of interface components.
• 2 The behaviour of the interface is programmed with an interpreted procedural language which can send and receive messages and invoke system services. In particular, it can execute applications.
• 3 The structure of the interface is a tree of potentially-visible objects which communicate with the user, the system, and each other through message passing. The tree structure facilitates grouping interfaces for related applications, or families of applications, into a single master interface.

Visual layout, tree-building, behaviour assignment (programming) and execution of the interface all occur within HYPE, a conjunction that makes it a powerful prototyping tool.     

Scoping Analytical Usability Evaluation Methods: A Case Study

ABSTRACT

Analytical usability evaluation methods (UEMs) can complement empirical evaluation of systems: for example, they can often be used earlier in design and can provide accounts of why users might experience difficulties, as well as what those difficulties are. However, their properties and value are only partially understood. One way to improve our understanding is by detailed comparisons using a single interface or system as a target for evaluation, but we need to look deeper than simple problem counts: we need to consider what kinds of accounts each UEM offers, and why. Here, we report on a detailed comparison of eight analytical UEMs. These eight methods were applied to a robotic arm interface, and the findings were systematically compared against video data of the arm in use. The usability issues that were identified could be grouped into five categories: system design, user misconceptions, conceptual fit between user and system, physical issues, and contextual ones. Other possible categories such as user experience did not emerge in this particular study. With the exception of Heuristic Evaluation, which supported a range of insights, each analytical method was found to focus attention on just one or two categories of issues. Two of the three “home-grown” methods (Evaluating Multimodal Usability and Concept-based Analysis of Surface and Structural Misfits) were found to occupy particular niches in the space, whereas the third (Programmable User Modeling) did not. This approach has identified commonalities and contrasts between methods and provided accounts of why a particular method yielded the insights it did. Rather than considering measures such as problem count or thoroughness, this approach has yielded insights into the scope of each method.     

基于Clips的嵌入式专家系统开发方法

专家系统程序通常不是独立的,而是嵌入在其他的程序中.介绍了在Windows环境下利用Clips这种功能强大和应用广泛的专家系统开发工具结合VC2005开发基于Clips的具有图形界面的嵌入式专家系统的方法,并且给出了一个简单的专家系统的开发实例.着重于讨论Clips与VC2005的接口设计和具体实现,还介绍了一种算法来实现Clips对中文的支持.     

一个基于CORBA的图形用户界面体系结构及实例

随着网络计算技术的发展,软件的结构变为表示／处理／数据库分离的三级模式。表示与处理的分离导致了用户界面与应用计算间的通信成为开发交互式系统图形用户界面的关键。本文为分布式交互图形应用的开发提供了一个基于公用对象需求代理结构ＣＯＲＢＡ的用户界面体系结构,ＣＯＲＢＡ是为分布式对象系统中间件制定的一个互操作标准。在这个结构中,一些被称为代理的面向对象交互式图形构件被设计用来为图形的表示与交互提供有效的解     

A transportable system of models for natural resource damage assessment

A computer model system has been developed for assessment of natural resource economic damages resulting from spills of oil and hazardous materials in marine and freshwater environments. The model can address a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The equations describing the motion of both pollutants and biota are solved in three dimensions. The model can simulate continuous releases of a contaminant, with representation of complex coastal boundaries, variable bathymetry, multiple shoreline types, and spatially variable ecosystem habitats. A graphic user interface (GUI) gives the facile control of the system, as well as the ability to display elements of the underlying geographical information system (GIS) data base. The system has been developed for lakes, rivers, estuarine and marine environments. The structure of the system is such that transport to new geographic regions requires only the development of the appropriate physical, toxicological, biological, and economic data sets.     

GIS支持的土壤适宜性评价专家系统的实现

采用地理信息系统为平台，建立了一个由数据库、知识库、推理机和人机界面所构成的专家系统．系统调用有关知识，通过推理模拟专家的评价过程．解决了传统的土壤适宜性评价方法所存在的计算复杂、定位困难等问题．试验性运用证明该系统稳定可靠．     

海河流域水文预报系统软件开发

基于计算机图形技术和数据库技术，开发了一套海河流域水文预报软件系统。该系统采用客户／服务器体系结构，基础数据来源于系统远程服务器数据库，具有雨水情分析处理，洪水，水文预报信息查询，地理分布式信息查询（电子地图查询），图形显示与打印，帮助等功能，可以及时，准确地进行海河流域水文预报和信息查询，也可以图形显示分析，预测结果，用户界面友好，使用方便。     

An experimental multimedia system allowing 3-D visualization andeye-controlled interaction without user-worn devices

In this paper, a new kind of human-computer interface allowing three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of multimedia objects and eye controlled interaction is proposed. In order to explore the advantages and limitations of the concept, a prototype system has been set up. The testbed includes a visual operating system for integrating novel forms of interaction with a 3-D graphic user interface, autostereoscopic (free-viewing) 3-D displays with close adaptation to the mechanisms of binocular vision, and solutions for nonintrusive eye-controlled interaction (video-based head and gaze tracking). The paper reviews the system's key components and outlines various applications implemented for user testing. Preliminary results show that most of the users are impressed by a 3-D graphic user interface and the possibility to communicate with a computer by simply looking at the object of interest. On the other hand, the results emphasize the need for a more intelligent interface agent to avoid misinterpretation of the user's eye-controlled input and to reset undesired activities     

基于PC/104的机载BIT设备自动测试系统开发

介绍了一种基于PC/104的航空自动测试系统,设计了测试系统的硬件、软件结构.以C语言完成了人机界面和测试算法的设计,并借助PC/104平台通过模拟控制模块完成对航空环控故障巡检装置的故障模拟与测试.运行表明,测试数据准确,人机界面友好.     

基于图形软件EGS的用户界面的设计

EGS是运行于多种工作站环境的图形软件,它同时包括用于用户界面设计的基本的窗口工具。本文在介绍EGS的设计背景和功能特点的基础上,根据用户界面的基本模型和设计原则,结合集成化电子CAD系统(EDCADS)和工程数据库管理系统(EDBMS/2)等系统的用户界面的设计和实现,提出了满足实用性和可移植性的图形软件和用户界面的设计方法。     

基于关系数据库的知识库的建立

本文通过对知识库和数据库的分析比较,指定在关系数据库平台上建立知识库的可行性,并总结出这类知识库具有管理能力强、可进行混合语言编程以及开发图形用户界面方便快捷等优点。结合知识库和数据库的传统开发方法,以一个实际专家系统的知识库的创建过程为例具体给出了在关系数据库系统中建立知识库的方法,即如何在数据库环境中实现知识获取、知识表示和知识管理。     

MAPBOT: a Web based map information retrieval system

Many types of information are geographically referenced and interactive maps provide a natural user interface to such data. However, map presentation in geographical information systems and on the Web is closed related to traditional cartography and provides a very limited interactive experience. In this paper, we present MAPBOT, an interactive Web based map information retrieval system in which Web users can easily and efficiently search geographical information with the assistance of a user interface agent (UIA). Each kind of map feature such as a building or a motorway works as an agent called a Maplet. Each Maplet has a user interface level to assist the user to find information of interest and a graphic display level that controls the presence and the appearance of the feature on the map. The semantic relationships of Maplets are defined in an Ontology Repository provided by the system which is used by the UIA to assist a user to semantically and efficiently search map information interested. An Ontology Editor with a graphic user interface has been implemented to update the Ontology Repository. Visualization on the client is based on Scalable Vector Graphics which provides a high quality Web map.     

Qt/Embedded在多功能麻醉机心电监护中的应用

论文介绍了一种基于Qt/Embedded的多功能麻醉机心电监护系统的设计方法。系统以min2440开发板和心电监护模块为硬件基础,在Linux和Qt/Embedded开发平台下采用串口通信方式完成监护系统的软件开发。心电监护系统的图形用户界面直观清晰,具有很好的人机交互性,提高了工作效率。