35CrMoV钢高温塑性变形行为及其本构方程建立

为了研究35CrMoV钢的高温变形行为,借助Gleelble 3800型热模拟试验机,在应变速率为0.01~10 s^-1、变形温度为950~1150℃的条件下进行轴向单道次高温压缩试验,并根据试验结果绘制35CrMoV钢的流动应力-应变曲线。分析研究了变形温度、应变速率对流动应力的影响,计算了变形激活能Q及参数n、A、α的取值。试验结果表明:35CrMoV钢在950~1150℃进行压缩试验时,存在动态再结晶和动态回复两种流动应力-应变关系,当应变速率为0.01和0.1 s^-1时,其流动应力-应变曲线主要表现为动态再结晶型;当应变速率为1和10 s^-1时,其流动应力-应变曲线主要表现为动态回复型。在试验条件下获得35CrMoV钢的平均变形激活能Q为310.433 kJ·mol^-1,建立了用于描述35CrMoV钢流动应力、应变速率和变形温度三者之间关系的本构方程。     

Strengthening of a 12CrMoV turbine blade steel by retempering

Commercially available martensitic 12CrMo, 12CrMoV, and HCrMoVNb steels in the tempered condi-tion are often used to fabricate turbine blades. Tempering, done at the processing stage itself, is usually carried out at a temperature approximately 100 to 150 ° above the service temperature. At the service temperature, the steel undèrgoes a second tempering. The effect of this second tempering at a lower tem-perature on the strength of 12CrMoV steel is delineated and discussed in this paper.     

电化学动电位再活化法评定不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性的研究

本文用电化学动电位再活化法(EPR法)研究了奥氏体不锈钢在H_2SO_4+Na_2S_4O_6溶液中钝化区回扫电位、扫描速度、溶液温度、溶液浓度等因素对测试灵敏度的影响,确定了AISI304、316系列奥氏体不锈钢在此溶液中的最佳实验条件。并进行了不同敏化状态的奥氏体不锈钢在此溶液中的EPR测试。研究结果表明:采用Na_2S_4O_6作为活化剂的EPR法同样是一种快速、定量、非破坏性的评价奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性的方法。但在实际应用时,对于304系列不锈钢选用H_2SO_4+KSCN溶液比较灵敏,而对于316系列不锈钢则选用H_2SO_4+Na_2S_4O_6溶液更为灵敏。     

Characterization of Compactness of Rust Layers on Weathering Steels by an Adsorption/Dehydration Test of Ethanol

A new method for evaluating the compactness of rust layers on steels has been proposed in the present study. The method includes adsorption and dehydration process of anhydrous ethanol. The protective ability of rust layers can be qualitatively reflected by the adsorption/dehydration rates. The specific surface area and porosity of rust layers can be calculated by a quantitative model. The results from the present method are consistent with electrochemical tests, N_2 adsorption and X-ray diffraction analysis. The method characterizes the compactness of rust layers rather than that of corrosion products removed from the metal surfaces, which is generally practiced in classic N_2 adsorption method. Furthermore, the method can reflect the compactness of inner rust layers, to which N_2 adsorption is unavailable. The method provides a new approach for the study of rust layers.     

ZG20SiMn高温流变性能研究

在Gleeble-15000热力模拟实验机上测定了ZG20SiMn从300℃到固相线温度区间的流变性能，辨识出其符合流变学[H]-[N|S]模型以及流变参数。将流变学模型和拉伸实验得到的弹塑性模型进行了比较分析，结果表明流变学模型更适合描述铸件的高温力学行为。     

液压柱塞泵用30CrMoV9钢的调质与气体渗氮工艺

为提高液压柱塞泵用30CrMoV9钢的综合性能及表面的耐磨性和抗疲劳性,对30CrMoV9钢的调质工艺及粗加工后的气体渗氮工艺进行了研究,对调质硬度、渗氮层深度、渗氮后的显微组织、渗氮层硬度等进行了测试。结果表明,经900 ℃淬火及630～640 ℃的回火处理后,30CrMoV9钢可满足硬度在28~35 HRC的要求;调质态30CrMoV9钢进行气体渗氮处理后,表面平均硬度可达750 HV0.5以上,可有效提高零件的接触疲劳强度。     

Carbon and nitrogen redistribution in weld joint of ion nitrided 15CrMov 2-5-3 and advanced P91 heat-resistant steels

The present contribution compares the theoretical modeling of the kinetics of the development of chemical composition and phase profiles of heterogeneous laboratory weld joints of heatresistant steels after long-term annealing with earlier experimental results. The weld joints of ion-nitrided 15CrMoV 2-5-3 low-allow ferritic steel and the advanced P91 steel (X10CrMoVNb 10-1) are the subject of study. The long-term annealing of the (nitrided 15CrMoV 2-5-3) | P91 weld joint was simulated at 500 to 700°C (i.e., 773 to 973 K). The simulated results were compared with earlier experimental carbon and nitrogen profile measurements. The phase diagrams of the investigated materials were calculated using the CALPHAD approach making use of the STEEL thermodynamic database. The activities of both carbon and nitrogen were calculated by the same method. The CALPHAD approach complemented with an appropriate diffusion model given in the DICTRA program enabled a simulation of the phase and element profile evolutions inside the diffusion-affected zone of weld joint. The DIF kinetic database was use to describe the diffusion. The coexistence of different phases (carbides, carbonitrides, and so forth) was considered in the simulations. The results show very reasonable agreement between experiment and theoretical simulation, and the method used is very promising for further weld design.     

FORMATION OFδ-PHASE IN AUSTENITIC STEELS

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淬火温度对ZG25MnCrNiMo钢组织与性能的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机等研究了不同温度淬火对ZG25MnCrNiMo钢组织及性能的影响。结果表明:淬火态ZG25MnCrNiMo钢组织为板条马氏体。在840~930 ℃温度区间,随着淬火温度的升高,组织中板条马氏体逐渐变细,930 ℃淬火试验钢板条最为细小。ZG25MnCrNiMo钢经840~930 ℃淬火后,进行600 ℃回火,随着淬火温度的升高,试验钢抗拉强度先升高后降低,伸长率和低温冲击吸收能量先降低后升高。930 ℃淬火试验钢抗拉强度最大,为992 MPa。840 ℃淬火试验钢伸长率和－40 ℃低温冲击吸收能量最大,分别为17.1%和78 J。     

屈服强度参数对10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接残余应力数值计算结果的影响

为了研究低合金高强钢在焊接过程中屈服强度参数变化对焊接数值计算结果的影响,测定了在稳态和冷却条件下10Ni5CrMoV钢在不同温度时的屈服强度和焊接接头的焊接残余应力,并采用有限元软件分别根据两种条件下所测屈服强度参数对10Ni5CrMoV钢焊接接头的焊接残余应力进行了数值计算.结果表明,冷却条件下不同温度的屈服强度测试值低于稳态条件下相应温度屈服强度测定值,根据冷却条件下测定的屈服强度曲线计算所得焊接残余应力分布与实测值具有更好的吻合度.     

低碳马氏体强化工艺的应用

低碳钢及低碳合金钢的淬火马氏体具有良好的综合力学性能。本文简述了08F，Q235-A，20，20Cr，高强度螺栓用钢ML15，25CrMnSiA和ZG28SMnVCu钢的低碳马氏体强化工艺及其应用。     

17Cr2Ni2MoVNb和20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢的动态再结晶行为及热加工图

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机得到17Cr2Ni2MoVNb和20Cr2Ni4A齿轮钢在1000~1150 ℃、0.01~10 s^-1的流变应力曲线,构建了两种钢的动态再结晶Avrami动力学模型和热加工图。结果表明,两种钢在高变形温度、低应变速率下易发生动态再结晶。17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢中较高的Nb和Mo含量对动态再结晶的抑制作用大于20Cr2Ni4A钢中的高Ni含量的影响,导致在相同的热变形条件下17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的动态再结晶体积分数小于20Cr2Ni4A钢。17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的最佳热加工工艺参数为:温度为1050~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.1~0.6 s^-1;20Cr2Ni4A钢的最佳加工参数为:温度为1100~1150 ℃、应变速率为3.3~5.5 s^-1。     

The influence of the microstructure of hardened tool steel workpiece on the wear of PCBN cutting tools

Due to the recent developments of advanced cutting tool materials in the superbarasive family, such as cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools, the interest in cutting hardened steels has increased significantly. High flexibility and ability to manufacture complex workpiece geometry in one set up is the main advantage of hard turning compared to grinding. The focus of this study is to investigate the performance and wear behavior of CBN tools in finish, dry turning of four different hardened steels, treated to the same hardness R_c = 54. The following four materials were machined: X155CrMoV 12 cold work steel (AISI D2), X38CrMoV5 (AISI H11) hot work steel, 35NiCrMo16 hot work steel and 100Cr6 bearing steel (AISI 52100). A large variation in tool wear rate was observed in the machining of these steels. The tool flank grooves have been correlated to the microstructure of these steels, namely the presence of various carbides. The chip study reveals that there is presence of different amounts of white layers in machining these steels.     

Replacement of Nitrided 33CrMoV Steel with ESR Hot Work Tool Steels for Motorsport Applications: Microstructural and Fatigue Characterization

In this work tensile strength, fatigue resistance and fracture toughness of two electroslag remelted (ESR) tool steels and of 33CrMoV12 ESR steel (both in quenched and tempered condition, as well as nitrided condition) were evaluated. The role of hardness, residual stresses and inclusion sizes on the fatigue behavior was investigated. Tool steels have a tensile strength between about 1900 and 2300 MPa, fracture toughness between 35 and 33 MPa√m, while fatigue strength ranges between 725 and 992 MPa. The tensile strength and fracture toughness of the 33CrMoV12 ESR are, respectively, 1365 MPa and about 150 MPa√m. Nitriding induces a significant increase in fatigue strength from 560 to 980 MPa. These results highlight that appropriate ESR tool steels could replace nitrided steels.     

Cr-Ni型水轮机材料电化学腐蚀和抗空蚀行为

以ZG20Cr13为对比材料,在浓度为1mol/L的H2SO4溶液中测定了ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo（简称13-4）和Cr含量降至10.61%、8.34%和6.64%（mass）时材料的阳极极化曲线.利用超声振荡空蚀实验机和洛氏硬度计分别研究了13-4、8.5Cr-4Ni（简称8.5-4）和高强韧性Cr-Ni型不锈钢SRIF的空蚀行为和局域弹性性质,并研究了试验材料的组织和力学性能.结果表明,随13-4中Cr含量降低,材料的电化学腐蚀性能降低.当Cr含量降低至8.34%时,材料的电化学腐蚀性能与ZG20Cr13相当,仍属于不锈钢范畴.8.5-4、13-4和SRIF的局域弹性性质he无明显差别,13-4的抗空蚀性能略高于8.5-4,SRIF的抗空蚀性能明显高于前两者.     

Crl5Mn9Cu2NilN奥氏体不锈钢的热变形本构特性

利用热/力模拟试验机对Crl5Mn9Cu2NilN奥氏体不锈钢进行热压缩试验,在变形温度为950℃～1200℃,应变速率为0.01s-1～2.5s-1,得到其流变应力变变曲线.以经典的双曲正弦形式的模型为基础,采用线性同归分析方法建立了这种钢的热变形本构方程,其中热变形激活能为488.16kJ/mol.与Ni-Cr奥氏体不锈钢相比,由于这种钢具有较高Mn含量,热变形激活能相埘较高.通过压缩试样热变形后的显微组织观察发现,这种钢在温度为1000℃变形时,冉结晶开始发生,1100℃以上时,可获得完全再结晶组织.     

ZG15CrMo钢的两种典型热处理制度的比较

经高温拉伸,高温持久和断裂韧性试验,测定了ＺＧ１５ＣｒＭｏ钢经正火回和调质处理后强韧性。用金相显微镜,扫描电镜和选区电子衍射研究该钢的显微组织。结果表明,ＺＧ１５ＣｒＭｏ钢经调质处理获得以贝氏体为主的组织,高温强度高,断裂韧性好。     

SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF GaAs IN Bi AND THEIR PHASE DIAGRAM

A modified liquid phase epitaxy apparatus for semiconductor materials was used to measurethe solubility of GaAs in Bi.Two phase diagrams rich in Bi under H_2 and N_2 atmosphereswere obtained according to the results of measurement.A new phenomenon,in which theparameter Q value(quantity of GaAs dissolved in Bi in fixed time/saturation quantitu,ofGaAs in Bi)was different from each other at various temperatures and there existed a maxi-mum Q value at definite temperature,was observed.This phenomenon may be regarded as acommon feature of a simple binary metallic system which has the phase diagram similar tothat of Bi-GaAs.The difference observed from the dependence of Q values on temperature inboth H_2 and N_2 atmospheres was discussed.     

低合金钢在添加缓蚀剂的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

研究分别添加少量(1%)缓蚀剂乌洛托品、磷酸钠、硫脲时在3.5%NaCl溶液中对低合金钢的缓蚀作用。运用线性极化技术测定比较上述三种缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果,且用交流阻抗法测得的结果与线性极化的一致。通过Tafel曲线对缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明缓蚀效果:磷酸钠>硫脲>乌洛托品。缓蚀剂的作用是在金属表面成膜,改变了金属表面状态,从而抑制金属的腐蚀。     

Modelling and parameter comparison of equivalent circuits on the basis of impedance measurements of stainless steels

In our former work [1] we have discussed the impedance of differently heat treated steels X20Cr13 in 0.1 M H₂SO₄, undergoing an active passive transition. Impedance spectra were interpreted in terms of a model by Armstrong [2, 3], describing the electrochemical reaction at interfaces with adsorbed intermediates. The present work was performed in order to study this phenomenon in more detail, with computer simulations of a new created and more convenient equivalent circuit in comparison with the former model. Computer simulations of equivalent circuits were also made in the region of passivity which was also continuation of our earlier work [4]. In this sense the entire study for these steels was completed by collating distinctive parameter values, demonstrating electrochemical characteristics of steel X20Cr13, undergoing different heat treatments in the active‐passive and passive region.