反应器型式对有机废水光催化氧化特性的影响

采用浆态光催化反应器对苯甲酰胺模拟废水光催化氧化特性进行了研究。探讨了催化剂的用量、污染物的初始浓度、反应时间、空气流量等操作参数对鼓泡式、循环式等形式的浆态光催化反应器内苯甲酰胺模拟废水光催化氧化特性和动力学的影响。结果表明,浆态光催化降解过程中污染物的浓度越低效果越好,催化剂的用量存在适当值;不同操作条件对不同形式浆态光催化反应器内苯甲酰胺模拟污染物光催化降解性能的影响不近相同。在所考察的污染物初始浓度、催化剂量和空气流量范围内,反应器中苯甲酰胺光催化氧化速率均符合拟一级动力学方程。与鼓泡式浆态光催化反应器相比,所开发的循环式浆态光催化反应器在空气作用下能更好地改善催化剂与气体和废水的混合效果,进而提高了光催化剂的利用效率,能更有效降解有机污染物;而且空气利用量小,能够大大降低浆态床光催化氧化处理废水的运行成本。     

迷宫式错流鼓泡光催化反应器苯酚降解特性研究

设计了新型迷宫式错流鼓泡反应器(LBPR),以苯酚废水为降解对象,进行光催化氧化降解性能研究.用活性炭颗粒负载TiO2膜作为光催化剂,考察了气体流量、液体流量、固体光催化剂投加量对反应器降解特性的影响,优化了反应器的操作条件.实验结果表明:光强8 mW·cm-2,气速为8 L·min-1,液体流量为400 mL·min-1,反应2 h后苯酚降解率接近100%;在优化光催化反应器的操作条件下,固体光催化剂用量为6 g(TiO2用量约为待处理液用量的0.2%)时降解效果最好.同时考察分析了反应物初始浓度和光强对光催化降解效果的影响,以及该反应器中催化剂连续批次使用对降解性能的影响.新型迷宫式错流鼓泡光催化反应器结构简单、操作方便,光能利用率高,易于实现工业放大.     

新型连续光催化反应器光催化降解特性的研究

在设计并建立的连续列管式光催化反应器中,以纳米TiO2为催化剂对甲基橙水溶液进行光催化降解性能研究,系统考察了管程数、连接方式、气体流量、液体流量、pH、催化剂用量以及被降解物初始浓度等参数对降解率的影响。最适宜条件:管程为4且采用首尾相互连接方式,液相和气相流速分别为0.5 L/h、3 L/min,pH为4.0。在给定条件下反应器对质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色率达最大值97.7%。     

旋转薄膜浆态光催化反应器

在分析现有光催化反应器特点的基础上，提出了一种新型的旋转薄膜式浆态光催化反应器（RFFS）。用商品化光催化剂Degussa P25，以苯酚模型有机物为降解对象，对比了RFFS与传统鼓泡浆态光催化反应器（TBS）的性能，研究了RFFS的光催化性能。结果表明，与传统浆态光催化反应器相比，RFFS具有较高的光催化性能，尤其是能够在较高的光催化剂浓度下运行。在光催化体系的循环流速大于2.7 L·min-1、供气流量为1.0 L·min-1、催化剂浓度为3.0 g·L-1的条件下，RFFS比传统浆态鼓泡光催化反应器的降解速率提高1.6倍。RFFS利用旋转浆态薄膜强化了光催化反应体系的传质，同时提高了体系中光催化剂对光能的利用率，较好地解决了光在传统浆态体系中的传递问题，为开发新型的具有工业应用前景的光催化反应器提供了方案。苯酚在RFFS中的降解动力学符合表观一级动力学模型，理论值与实验结果吻合较好。     

浆态光催化反应器有机模拟废水光催化氧化特性与动力学

采用循环式浆态光催化反应器对苯甲酰胺模拟废水光催化氧化特性和动力学进行了研究,系统地考察了操作条件对模拟污染物光催化降解的影响,并与搅拌式和鼓泡床式浆态光催化反应器中苯甲酰胺的降解效果进行对比.结果表明,循环式浆态光催化反应器中光催化剂的用量、污染物的初始浓度和初始pH值对模拟污染物光催化降解性能的影响存在适宜值;体系中H₂PO^-₄、Cl^-、Cu²⁺、Al³⁺对其光催化降解过程有明显的抑制作用.与传统的搅拌式和鼓泡床式浆态光催化反应器相比,循环式浆态光催化反应器中催化剂和废水的混合效果较好,光利用率高,较大程度上减少催化剂的用量和提高废水处理能力.同时,对不同催化剂的用量和污染物初始浓度下的光催化氧化反应动力学研究表明,此过程符合拟一级动力学,催化剂表面反应速率常数k₀和催化剂吸附平衡常数K_TiO2分别为0.0279 min^-1和17.99 L•g^-1.     

三相流化床光催化氧化活性红紫X-2R的研究

活性红紫X-2R是一种偶氮型活性染料.本文采用P25型TiO2催化剂,在三相流化床光催化反应器中对活性红紫X-2R染料废水进行光催化降解研究.实验结果表明,催化剂TiO2投加量为1.0g·L-1,溶液pH值为中性时,溶液初始浓度越低,空气流量越大,活性红紫X-2R去除效果越好.     

光催化降解甲基橙及强化工艺研究进展

对光催化降解甲基橙(MO)过程中催化剂、反应器、影响因素、提高光催化反应效率措施4个方面进行综述，重点总结不同催化剂对MO降解率的影响及光催化反应器的研究进展。提高光催化降解MO的关键在于催化剂表面电子-空穴的分离、转移效率以及反应器光源与溶液光透过率的匹配。据此，将现有提高光催化降解MO措施分为3类：(1)优化催化剂捕获光的能力；(2)优化反应器内光源点布置；(3)改善催化剂负载方式，提高催化剂比表面积和表面微流动特性。最后，提出提高光催化效率需从光源分布与溶液的透光性不匹配的矛盾入手，以“光均匀分布”为原则优化反应器光源布置，提高吸光过程和催化过程的协同性。     

光催化膜反应器用于亚甲基蓝的降解

研究了催化剂颗粒粒径对降解速率的影响,并将光催化反应和膜分离技术相结合,开发了光催化膜反应器。利用该反应器对亚甲基蓝进行降解的结果表明,亚甲基蓝可被很快地降解,而悬浮在反应液里的催化剂颗粒同时可被有效地分离回收并连续地在反应器里使用。     

转筒式负载膜光催化水处理器的设计与模拟

研究了转筒式光催化反应器的模型化设计方法,并与实验结果进行了比较。在自行设计和制造的转筒式光催化反应器中测定了反应器内紫外线的照度分布,在间歇条件下进行了4BS染料光催化降解的实验研究。在此基础上,经数据处理和数学推导,建立了转筒式光催化反应器的数学模型。结合含处理液浓度、催化剂用量、光照度、pH值以及直接光照面积影响在内的降解速率方程,模拟了该反应器中的水处理过程,得到了与实验相吻合的结果。     

天津大学为您提供连续光催化氧化净化染料废水技术

我国及其他发达国家均生成并排放大量的高浓度染料废水，用生物降解法、吸附法难以将其彻底根治。本实验室经多年实验积累，设计、安装并运行了一套连续光催化氧化净化染料废水的放大实验装置。3台体积各为10L的光反应器串联，每台反应器中设置1台1000w紫外灯，均通压缩空气搅拌，在混合器中按一定比例将光催化剂二氧化钛与废水混合好，然后用流量泵以．定流速向反应器中加料进行光催化氧化反应，降解后的悬浊液再经分离器将催化剂分离掉，催化剂循环再利用。     

DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF FLUIDIZED BED PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTOR

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant is a new and potential method to transform it to harmless inorganic material, such as CO2 and H2O. So far, most of photocatalytic reactors were cylinder or tabulate photoreactor. The relevant photocatalyst was TiO2 nanometer powder. Although a few investigators had aimed their research field to fluidized bed reactor, their reaction systems were of biphase, such as solid-liquid or solid-gas. Few people focused their research on the triphasic fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor［1］. Compared with traditional photoreactors, a triphasic fluidized bed photoreactor has more advantages［2］: (1) The solid photocatalyst can be separated easily. (2) Its configuration meets the requirement of higher surface area-to-volume ratio of photocatalytic, which is much lower in a fixed bed or a plate photoreactor. (3) The UV light can be used more efficiently. (4) The mass transfer conditions can be controlled and improved easily. (5) It suited to pilot-scale or large-scale operations. For the UV light penetration and photon efficiency should be considered, the photocatalytic reactor differed greatly from a typical fluidized bed reactor.     

光催化氧化流化床参数的研究

设计了用于负载型TiO2催化剂的三相流化床光催化反应器,对其参数作了初步的研究,并对其处理含酚废水的性能和催化反应的影响因素及程度进行了分析。与固定床相比,流化床反应器表现出更好的处理效果。它使催化剂和含酚废水充分接触并提供充足的氧气,实现了光、固体催化剂和溶液的大面积有效接触,提高了传质效率,加快了光催化反应速率。在pH值为9.6,催化剂用量为50g,气流量为500L/h和液体流量为8.0L/h,在一个操作周期(12h),流化床反应器的处理能力为19.5mg/g,固定床的处理能力为14.4mg/g。流化床的处理能力比固定床的高35.4%。酚的去除率为99.8%。     

负载型TiO2固定相光催化氧化剂固定化技术研究

以耐火砖颗粒为载体,用浸涂法制备了负载型ＴｉＯ２光催化氧化剂,并设计了一种二相流化床光催化反应器。考察了固相催化剂制备过程中粘结剂的量,载体粒度及催化剂的表面处理方式等因素对催化剂的活性影响。结果表明,在流化床光催化反应器中,利用该方法制备的负载型ＴｉＯ２光催化氧化剂,对染料４ＢＳ溶液的降解脱色反应具有很好的光催化活性及光催化效果的稳定性,为光催化技术的实际应用提供了有意义的尝试。     

Photodegradation of Methylene Blue in a Batch Fixed Bed Photoreactor Using Activated Carbon Fibers Supported TiO2 Photocatalyst

A batch fixed bed photoreactor, using felt-form activated carbon fibers (ACF) supported TiO2 photocatalyst (TiO2/ACF), was developed to carry out photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution. The effects of TiO2 particle size, loaded TiO2 amount, initial MB concentration, airflow rate and successive run on the decomposition rate were investigated. The results showed that photodegradation process followed a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic law. The apparent first-order reaction constant kapp was larger than 0.047 min-1 with half reaction time t1/2 shorter than 15 min, which was comparable to reported data using suspended Degussa P-25 TiO2 particles. The high degradation rate was mainly attributed to adsorption of MB molecules onto the surface of TiO2/ACF. The photocatalytic efficiency still remained nearly 90% after 12 successive runs, showing that successive usage of the designed photoreactor was possible. The synergic enhancement effect in combination of adsorption with ACF and photodegradation with TiO2 was proved by comparing MB removal rates in the successive degradation and adsorption runs, respectively.     

光催化降解活性染料K-GL的动力学及其盐效应

以分散态纳米TiO2为光催化剂,在鼓泡流化床光催化反应器中对活性翠兰K-GL染料溶液进行光催化降解实验研究。通过改变光催化剂投入量、染料溶液的初始浓度和Na2SO4与NaCl的掺加,探讨了影响光催化降解K-GL的因素,运用Langrmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程对染料降解动力学规律进行了研究。结果表明,TiO2光催化降解活性翠兰K-GL的反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,且表观反应速率表常数随活性翠兰溶液初始浓度的升高而降低;反应的催化剂最佳投入量为0.122g/L;光催化体系中的Na2SO4对于染料K-GL的降解表现出明显的促进作用,在较低浓度下,Na2SO4的最佳添加量为0.104mol/g,且随着其浓度的升高,表观反应速率常数随之增大;而掺加不同浓度的NaCl对光催化降解K-GL有抑止作用。     

Photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene over TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/SiO2 in an annulus fluidized bed reactor

The effects of superficial gas velocity (Ug), wavelength and intensity of ultraviolet (UV) light, oxygen and H₂O concentration on the photocatalytic degradation of TCE (Trichloroethylene) over TiO₂/SiO₂ catalyst have been determined in an annulus fluidized bed photoreactor. The key factor in determining the performance of the annulus fluidized bed photoreactor is found to be an optimum superficial gas velocity (Ug) that provides the optimum UV lighttransmit through the proper size of bubbles in the photoreactor. The degradation efficiency of TCE increases with light intensity but decreases with wavelength of the UV light and H₂O concentration in the fluidized bed of TiO₂/silica-gel photocatalyst. The optimum concentration of O₂ for TCE degradation is found to be approximately 10%. The annulus fluidized bed photoreactor is an effective tool for high TCE degradation with efficient utilization of photon energy. This paper is dedicated to Professor Dong Sup Doh on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University.     

Parameter effect on photocatalytic degradation of phenol using TiO2-P25/activated carbon (AC)

P25 powder embedded and TiO₂ immobilized on activated carbon (TiO₂-P25/AC) was prepared by P25 powder modified sol-gel and dip-coated method. The photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated through phenol degradation in a fluidized bed photoreactor. The addition of P25 in the photocatalysts could significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity, and the optimum loading of P25 was 3 g L^?1. The operating parameter results indicated that the optimum pH for phenol degradation was 5.2; the effect of air flow rate gave an optimal value of 2 L min^?1; the increasing of UV light intensity led to an increase of degradation efficiency due to more photons absorbed on the surface of the photocatalyst. The kinetics of the phenol degradation fitted well with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics model. Finally, the photocatalytic ability of TiO₂-P25/AC was reduced only 10% after five cycles for phenol degradation.     

Modeling of photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs in a packed bed reactor under continuous and discontinuous illuminations

In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to describe the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs in a packed bed reactor. Here, the adsorption of VOCs on the wall of the reactor is taken into account and the diffusion of VOCs in the axial direction is neglected. First-order kinetics is used to describe the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs. The analytical solution of the present model is obtained by traveling wave method. The solution shows that the reactor performance is totally dependent on the inlet concentration of VOCs when the time is large enough. The present model is validated through the experimental result of the photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene in a packed bed and the predicted results accord well with the experimental data. The influence of flow rate and inlet concentration on the performance of the reactor is discussed in detail. High flow rate offers high reaction rate and low conversion efficiency. The different inlet conditions and different reaction patterns are also investigated. The model would be useful to estimate the rate constant and help to the design of the reactor.     

偶氮染料在气-液-固循环浆态光催化反应器中的降解脱氮

偶氮染料废水是一种集中量大的重要污染物,其中的偶氮键可被环境微生物降解生成具有毒性的芳香胺类化合物。本文从光量子效率、脱氮速率、脱氮能耗等方面,对比研究了一种新设计的气-液-固循环浆态光催化反应器和环隙式光催化反应器对偶氮染料降解脱氮的性能。结果表明,由于空气的引入,使气-液-固循环浆态光催化反应器的量子收率有一定程度下降,同时造成单位数量级脱氮能耗也有一定增大,但偶氮染料脱氮速率比在环隙式反应器中的情况有大幅度提高,表明气-液-固循环浆态反应器在偶氮染料废水光催化降解脱氮方面具有较大应用前景。