洗涤剂去污力评价中碳黑污布制备工艺的改进

改进现有制备JB-01的工艺步骤,通过实验发现配置污液的先后顺序和乳化加热温度等对污布质量及洗涤剂去污力产生影响。     

洗涤剂去污力测定用人工污布染制质量及其控制

对洗涤剂去污力测定用人工污布染制过程的细节加以比较，发现对过程中的随机因素给以严格控制后，即可避免污布质量对评价洗涤剂去污指数可能造成的误差。     

洗涤剂去污力测定有人工污布染制质量及其控制

对洗涤剂去污力测定用人工污布染制过程的细节加以比较，发现对过程中的随机因素给以严格控制后，即可避免污布质量对评价洗涤剂去污指数可能造成的误差。     

黏土污布的制备及其去污性能研究

论述了人工污布中黏土污布的染制方法及其对洗涤剂性能评价的影响。结果表明，多种洗涤剂对此污布的去污力差异顺序：实验室去污机与家用洗衣机排列顺序基本相同，而且对不同浓度的同一种洗涤剂的去污评价结果在一定范围内能拉开距离，黏土污布可以作为洗涤剂配方筛选和洗涤剂产品性能评价时的一种可靠依据。     

采用实际污布评价织物洗涤剂去污力评价手段的探讨

制述了织物洗涤剂去污力的测试方法应该更加贴合实际,并采用实际污布作为测试手段的重要性。探讨了当前实际污布的发展现状,分析了常见实际污布的种类、污渍附着于织物的方式,深入探讨了实际污布制作的方法,包括布基与污渍的匹配原则、几种人工污布制备的方式及针对不同种类污渍染制方法的选择等。     

肥皂去污力的测试(简介)

目前为止，还没有一种测定肥皂去污力的较好测定方法。我们根据需要，近年来进行了测定肥皂去污力的试验。污的组成和染污的方法是按照山西省日用化学工业科学研究所的工作进行的。在一定条件下，在去污力测定设备上进行了污布的洗涤试验，测定洗涤前后污布的白度，据此，可计算肥皂去除污垢的效率，即去污力。把国产漂白细布用稀碱液和中性皂基溶液处理，洗涤干净，晾干。以阿拉怕树胶、炭黑、蓖麻油、液体石蜡和羊毛脂等按一定比例，以磷脂为乳化剂，配制成污液。     

利用全规模洗涤方法对比评价几种国内外洗涤剂的去污性能

介绍了衣物洗涤剂的全规模洗涤评价方法,与立式去污机方法相比,全规模洗涤方法具有污布种类丰富、消费者相关性强的突出优点,能够比较真实地展现洗涤剂的综合去污性能。采用全规模洗涤方法对国内外洗涤剂的去污力性能进行了对比研究。结果显示,在本实验测试条件下,我国衣物洗涤剂样品的去污力性能同国外同类型产品样品相比存在较大差距,且国产洗衣液样品去污力低于国外洗衣粉样品。建议应用全规模洗涤方法进行洗涤剂配方的开发与评价,将有助于提高我国洗涤剂行业的整体技术水平。     

污垢组成、布基、去污条件对去污力评价的影响

介绍了在Ｌａｕｎｄｅｒ－Ｏｍｅｔｅｒ去污机中“Ⅲ类”浓缩粉和标准粉对人工皮脂污布和标准污布的去污力,讨论了污垢组成,基质和洗涤条件对去污力的影响,进一步,将此种去污力与实际污布在洗衣机中的去污力进行了比较。结果表明,人工皮脂污布在Ｌａｕｎｄｅｒ－Ｏｍｅｔｅｒ去污机中的洗洒结果更换近实际污布在洗衣机中的洗涤结果。     

洗衣粉去污力测试方法研究

本文探讨了洗衣粉去污力测试方法。对影响去污力测试结果的主要因素－试验污布进行了分析，对试验污布的选择提出了见解。     

纤维素酶及其与蛋白酶和脂肪酶的复配在洗涤剂中的应用研究

研究了纤维素酶-脂肪酶和纤维素酶-蛋白酶复配体系,以及酶添加到洗衣液中对炭黑污布(J3-01)、蛋白污布(JB-02)和皮脂污布(JB-03)的协同去污能力,并通过正交实验研究了3种酶量的最佳配比。实验结果表明,纤维素酶与其他酶复配比例为1:1时,其对国标污布JB-02和JB-03的去污力最好。采用光学显微镜、电镜(SEM)考察了洗衣液中添加纤维素酶-蛋白酶、纤维素酶-蛋白酶-脂肪酶复配体系分别对染血渍污布、口红污渍污布的去污效果,并采用傅里叶红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)对污布上的污渍进行定性分析。实验结果表明,将纤维素酶-蛋白酶、纤维素酶-蛋白酶-脂肪酶复配加入洗衣液中,其对染血渍污布、口红污渍污布有很好的去污效果。     

蛋白污布的染制均匀性对洗涤剂去污力评价的影响

采用球磨机代替手工磨制炭黑制备改进蛋白污布(改进JB-02),通过测试标准洗衣粉、市售洗衣粉和含蛋白酶的标准洗衣粉对改进JB-02的去污值来评价所制备污布的质量。结果表明,使用球磨机磨制相比于手工磨制的炭黑颗粒的粒径变小,粒度分布变窄,分散均匀性提高;改进JB-02的染制均一度提高;标准洗衣粉对改进JB-02的去污值提高;当标准洗衣粉中蛋白酶的质量分数低于0.15%时,改进JB-02对蛋白酶的敏感度提高;改进JB-02的稳定性较好,可考虑作为标准产品使用。     

天纳—纳子能助剂在洗衣粉中的应用及性能

采用天纳—纳子能助剂取代了4A沸石和其他助剂,同时降低了非离子和阴离子的使用量。结果表明,该助剂具有良好的钙交换能力、抗再沉积性和去污性能力,用天纳—纳子能助剂生产的产品去污力及性能均达到国家标准要求。按国家标准3种污布的去污性测试,其中,JB-01天纳—纳子能助剂配方比无磷配方的去污率提高了2.36%,JB-02天纳—纳子能助剂配方比无磷配方的去污率提高了2.56%,2种污布的技术数据已经超过了国家技术要求。通过上述数据说明,天纳—纳子能助剂的使用不仅提高了产品质量和去污率,还降低3.46%的原料成本,其他各项指标均符合相关技术标准要求。     

A wet method for pure particulate soiling of test cloths for detergency screening tests

A procedure is presented for soiling detergency test cloths with particulate soil. These cloths offer advantages over most commercial soiled cloths and laboratory soiling procedures in that there is no oily material necessary for dispersion and thereby the testor obtains results which are specific to particulate soil alone. The procedure involves a wet soiling technique, followed by drying and sorting for subsequent detergency evaluation. The soil composition includes Bandybalck clay, iron silicate, and iron oxide. Detergency results are discussed.     

A natural soil and mechanism of removal

Nitrogen compounds in natural soils are studied in relation to their effect on the soil removal mechanism in detergency. Nitrogen compounds in various forms and in fairly large amts are found in natural soils, and more than 24% of these nitrogen compounds are presumed to be high mol wt nitrogen compounds or proteins. These high mol wt nitrogen compounds which cannot be removed by water can be removed by the detergent action of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS). When the detergency of DBS was compared with nonyl phenol-polyoxyethylene adduct, the detergency for artificial soil cloths did not coincide with results obtained with naturally soiled cloths. These data suggest that some interaction between DBS and nitrogen compounds might have contributed to the detergent action. If proteins were added to the present artificial soil formulation, better correlation might be expected between artificial and natural soil detergency results in DBS evaluation.     

Detergency and mechanism of soil removal in detergent-enzyme system

Enzyme effects on detergency were studied at a relatively low temperature (20 C) using naturally solied fabrics (collars on working clothing) and 2 types of artificially soiled cotton cloths, milk-soiled and carbon-milk-soiled. Results of the test showed that protease has a favorable effect on detergency even at 20 C and improves the removal of common soils solid or oily, as well as protein-based soils. The protease also was proved fully effective under mechanical agitation in the presence of detergents. Futhermore, the role of enzyme was discussed based upon gel filtration of the washing bath which treated the milk-soiled cloths. The degradation of protein by protease to a molecular weight of ca. 10,000 to 50,000 was proved to be fairly important for removal of soil protein. It also was found that endo-peptidase action is more effective than exo-peptidase action. Based upon these findings, a problem in activity evaluation method for enzymes as detergent compoments also was presented.     

去血渍复合酶的配比及去污研究

通过研究酶对自制血污布的去污效果,得到了对血污布有助洗效果的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶。通过单组分去污实验、复配体系去污比较以及正交实验,得到了浸泡液中去血渍复合酶的最佳配比为:蛋白酶MDB-1∶淀粉酶MDF-1∶脂肪酶MZF-1∶纤维素酶MXW-2=2∶4∶2.5∶3(mg/mL)。结果表明,在4酶复配的最佳配比条件下,血污布的去污值比未加酶处理的提高了24.3%。复合酶能很好发挥其去污性能的条件为:浸泡温度30~40℃,浸泡时间25~30 min,洗涤时间20~30 min,洗涤方式:手洗>瓶洗>机洗。     

Detergent alcohols. I. The effect of alcohol structure and molecular weight on surfactant properties

A large number of aliphatic alcohols have been studied to relate performance of the derived surfactants to structure and molecular weight. The alcohols were examined as sulfates, ethoxylates, and ethoxysulfates in heavy-and light-duty compositions. Clear points and surface tensions of aqueous solutions were determined. Cotton detergency was evaluated in a bench-scale test by using artificially soiled test cloths. Foam performance was measured in a soil titration test. In general, excellent performance is observed with derivatives which have 70% or greater n-primary alcohol content. The odd-numbered alcohol derivatives contribute significantly to optimum performance. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Chicago, October 1964.     

Enzymes in detergents

Factors affecting the performance of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes in an anionic and nonionic detergent formulation have been studied using stain removal from EMPA blood-milk-ink and cocoa-milk-sugar soil test cloths as a measure of enzyme activity in the detergent solution. Factors considered include enzyme concentration, and temperature and pH of the wash solution. Results on stability of these enzymes in the two detergent formulations under accelerated storage conditions are also given. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New York, October, 1968.     

Reduction of phosphate builder in tallow-based detergent formulations

Laboratory washing tests using two different kinds of standard soiled cotton were made to compare built solutions of hydrogenated tallow alcohol sulfate (HTAS), sodium methylα-sulfotallowate (NaMeαST) and linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) in hard water of 300 ppm at 60 C. Most of the experiments were at 0.25% total concentration (0.05% active ingredient plus 0.20% builder). Phosphate reduction, without loss in detergency, can be accomplished in some cases but not in others, depending both upon the detergent and the test cloth. Both cloths have shown with HTAS as the active ingredient, that reduction in phosphate builder is possible without loss in detergency. The effect of other changes in formulation has been determined. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Minneapolis, October 1969. Deceased. ARS, USDA.     

Soap-based detergent formulations I. Comparison of soap-lime soap dispersing agent formulations with phosphate built detergents

Blends of soap with small amounts of lime soap dispersing agents are efficient detergents in hard water and require little or no tripolyphosphate builder. Lime soap dispersing agents examined include sulfated ethoxylated fatty alcohols, sulfated N-(2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amides, methyl esters of α-sulfo fatty acids, 2-sulfoethyl fatty acid esters and N-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl) fatty amides as well as nonionics derived from tallow alcohols. Detergency evaluations were carried out with three commercial soiled cotton cloths as well as by a laboratory multi-wash technique. Formulations containing 80% soap, 10% lime soap dispersing agent and 10% builder gave optimum detergency values. Builder effectiveness was rated tripolyphosphate>silicate (1:1.6)> metasilicate = citrate = oxydiacetate = nitrilotriacetate>carbonate≫sulfate. The detergency of soap-lime soap dispersed combinations compared favorably with a standard brand household heavy duty granular detergent in 50, 150 and 300 ppm hardness water on three soiled cloths. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Atlantic City, October 1971. East. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA.