大数据时代的计算政治学研究

政治学研究一直是社会科学领域的热点研究方向。政治理论、比较政治、公共政策和国际政治等,这些经典的政治学研究课题吸引了大批的政治学学者。从传统政治学研究中的道德哲学和法理主义,到行为主义政治学研究中的科学方法论和定量分析,再到一些自然科学工作者开始涉足政治学领域,政治学的研究方法一直在发展与演变。该文在对传统政治学研究的方法进行简要总结的基础上,针对互联网时代,“大数据”驱动下的政治学研究,阐述了计算政治学的起源、定义及其主要的研究内容和方法,论述了目前研究的热点政治倾向性及政治观点识别、冲突观点检测、选举预测和分析可视化的研究进展。     

多媒体社会事件分析综述

由于网络技术的飞速发展,自媒体、微博、论坛等基于互联网的多种交流渠道日渐完善,人们能够方便地在线生成和共享丰富的社会多媒体内容。社会事件数据具有跨平台、多模态、大规模、噪声大等特点,基于多媒体社会事件的分析研究非常具有挑战性。因此,如何对社会媒体数据进行处理,研究社会事件分析方法、设计有效的社会事件分析模型成为社会事件分析研究的关键问题。文中对近年来多媒体社会事件分析的相关研究展开了综述,重点回顾了多媒体社会事件表示方法及其在虚假新闻检测、多媒体热点事件检测跟踪及演化分析、社交媒体危机事件响应等领域的应用,并对不同应用涉及的数据集进行了详细介绍。最后对多媒体社会事件分析方面未来可能的研究课题进行了展望。     

电子政务网接入方式的对比研究分析

接入网技术是电子政务网传输平台的重要组成部分,随着电子政务网日新月异的发展,用户对数据、多媒体通信的需求逐渐增大,对接入网要求越来越高。本文基于市级电子政务网根据具体情况采用不同接入方式进行了对比分析研究。     

Internet,News, and Political Trust: The Difference Between Social Media and Online Media Outlets

What is the relationship between Internet usage and political trust? To answer this question, we performed a cross‐sectional analysis of Eurobarometer survey data related to 27 countries and a supervised sentiment analysis of online political information broadcast during the Italian debate on the reform of public funding of parties. The results disclose the differences between Web 1.0 websites and Web 2.0 social media, showing that consumption of news from information/news websites is positively associated with higher trust, while access to information available on social media is linked with lower trust. This has implications for the debate on social media as a public sphere and for the tension between professional and citizen journalism.     

多媒体录播系统在电子政务视频会议扩展应用中的设计与实现

本文运用多媒体网络通讯技术,从研究现状、设计思想、系统体系结构、功能设计及技术实现、系统特点和应用等方面,研究一套基于电子政务高清视频会议平台的多媒体录播系统扩展方案。     

Some of these things are not like the others: Examining motivations and political predispositions among political Facebook activity

Political engagement via social media has evolved, and web sites including Facebook continue to be a place for individuals, especially young ones, to engage politically. Because politics on social media is diverse, it makes sense that the reasons for participating in it vary. In addition, because current events information and political news is accessible via social media, the role of attention to traditional news sources in this type of political engagement is debatable. The study takes up the opportunity to address these questions by examining young people’s attention to television, print, and online news, their engagement with four Facebook political activities, and their psychological motivations for using the website politically just prior to the 2012 U.S. Presidential election. The results suggest that the primary motivations for using Facebook politically are not universal, and indeed vary by activity. They revolve around connecting with others socially, sharing information with others, and presenting oneself to others. In addition, attention to offline and online news largely do not matter. The study moves research forward by describing the variety of psychological predispositions some Facebook users bring to their political engagement with the web site, and how these predispositions vary across different Facebook political behavior.     

考试网上报名系统的技术实现框架探讨

随着Internet互联网技术及电子政务网站建设的飞速发展,无处不在的网络应用为社会考试报名提供了可靠、快捷的报名通道。通过分析当前考试网上报名系统使用的社会需求,本文结合网报系统的系统开发模式、工具,从系统用户管理、考生报名、考务管理及超级用户管理等模块对名系统的技术实现框架作了初步的探讨。     

irBlogs: A standard collection for studying Persian bloggers

A large number of internet users share their knowledge and opinions in online social networks like forums, weblogs, etc. This fact has attracted many researchers from different fields to study online social networks. The Persian language is one of the dominant languages in the Middle East which is the official language of Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan; so, a large number of Persians are active in online social networks. Despite this fact, very few studies exist about Persian social networks. In this paper we will study the characteristics of Persian bloggers based on a new collection, named irBlogs. The collection contains nearly 5 million posts and the network of more than 560,000 Persian bloggers which assures the reliability of the results of this study. Some of the analyzed characteristics are: the similarities and the differences between formal Persian and the language style that is used by Persian bloggers, the interests of the bloggers and the impact of other web resources on Persian blogosphere. Our analysis show that IT, sports, society, culture and politics are the main interests of Persian bloggers. Also, analysis of the links that are shared by Persian bloggers shows that news agencies, knowledge-bases and other social networks have a great impact on Persian bloggers and they are interested to share multimedia content.     

Contribution of Internet news use to reducing the influence of selective online exposure on political diversity

Research has recognized both selective and heterogeneous exposures on the Internet through online news and discussion. How online exposures through Internet news and discussion influence political diversity in individuals’ everyday lives needs to be addressed. The current research examines the extent to which Internet news use alters the effect of selective online interaction on political diversity in individuals’ social networks. Results show that while Internet news use has no direct relationship with political diversity in individuals’ social networks, it nevertheless moderates the negative effect of selective online interaction and indirectly contributes to political diversity. The social structural aspect of political diversity in social networks is discussed in comparison to political discussion networks.     

Differential Use,Differential Effects: Investigating the Roles of Different Modes of News Use in Promoting Political Participation

The present study clarifies the role of the informational use of media in facilitating citizens' political participation by focusing on three distinctive modes of news experience (i.e., news reading, posting, and endorsing) within the context of online social networking sites (SNSs). The findings show that news posting contributes to greater participation in politics by positively mediating the relationship between the use of SNSs and participatory activities. In contrast, news reading and endorsing were not significantly associated with political participation. In addition, the study found that the indirect effects of SNS use on participation via news posting are highest among those with a high degree of network political expertise and lower among those with an average level of such expertise.     

Scientometric Study of the Progress and Development of e-Government Research During the Period 2000–2012

Many countries have implemented changes in public-sector management models, based on the strategic and intensive use of new information and communication technologies. From a critical standpoint, this paper analyzes and characterizes the contributions made by research in the field of e-government, identifying future areas of interest and potentially valuable methodologies. In addition, it compares research efforts focused on developing countries with those concerning developed economies, in order to identify research gaps and possibilities for improvement in the context of e-government research in developing countries. Diverse scientometric approaches are employed in this analysis of papers published by international journals listed in the SSCI index in the fields of Public Administration and of Information Science & Library Science. Our findings reveal the existence of various research gaps and highlight areas that should be addressed in future research, especially in developing countries. Indeed, the research approach to e-government remains immature, focusing on particular cases or dimensions, while little has been done to produce theories or models to clarify and explain the political processes of e-government. In addition, significant differences are found between the impact of scientific output and patterns of scientific production as regards developing and developed countries.     

Speaking their Mind: Populist Style and Antagonistic Messaging in the Tweets of Donald Trump,Narendra Modi,Nigel Farage,and Geert Wilders

The authors in this study examined the function and public reception of critical tweeting in online campaigns of four nationalist populist politicians during major national election campaigns. Using a mix of qualitative coding and case study inductive methods, we analyzed the tweets of Narendra Modi, Nigel Farage, Donald Trump, and Geert Wilders before the 2014 Indian general elections, the 2016 UK Brexit referendum, the 2016 US presidential election, and the 2017 Dutch general election, respectively. Our data show that Trump is a consistent outlier in terms of using critical language on Twitter when compared to Wilders, Farage, and Modi, but that all four leaders show significant investment in various forms of antagonistic messaging including personal insults, sarcasm, and labeling, and that these are rewarded online by higher retweet rates. Building on the work of Murray Edelman and his notion of a political spectacle, we examined Twitter as a performative space for critical rhetoric within the frame of nationalist politics. We found that cultural and political differences among the four settings also impact how each politician employs these tactics. Our work proposes that studies of social media spaces need to bring normative questions into traditional notions of collaboration. As we show here, political actors may benefit from in-group coalescence around antagonistic messaging, which while serving as a call to arms for online collaboration for those ideologically aligned, may on a societal level lead to greater polarization.     

Designing for reportability: sustainable gamification,public engagement,and promoting environmental debate

There is a growing emphasis in many countries on matters such as participation in e-government, e-democracy, the provision of forums for online debate, and so on. A critical issue in all of these cases is one of encouraging engagement across a broad spectrum of potentially interested parties and stakeholders. In this paper, we use an ethnographic study of an online event, designed to encourage debate, to explore some critical issues in how the mechanisms productive of debate have shifted in company with the Web 2.0 phenomenon. By contrasting this with a prior study of how players managed their gameplay in a multiplayer pervasive game, we focus upon how different ways of constructing games and events can have serious implications for their ordinary everyday reportability in routine face-to-face interactions. We conclude that designing for reportability should be an active consideration when designing the resources for online debate and consider some ways in which that might be accomplished.     

基于电子政务内网的信息安全防范体系的研究

随着互联网络的推广,各种网络应用系统得到了广泛的应用,政府机关使用电子政务内网系统关系到我国政治、经济、民生等方面的正常运行,其安全性和重要性不言而喻。本文首先分析了电子政务内网系统的设计,描述其系统框架和系统功能;其次分析了PPDR安全模型和当前电子政务系统所受到的主要威胁,在此基础上设计了信息安全防范体系,并对整个防范体系进行了详细的描述。本文对于网络管理人员和系统设计人员都有着积极的作用。     

GameSense: game-like in-image advertising

Considering the continuously increasing availability and accessibility of multimedia contents via social networking sites, our research addresses how to monetize the social multimedia contents with an efficient advertising approach. This paper presents a novel game-like advertising system called GameSense, which is driven by the compelling contents of online images. The contextually relevant ads (i.e., product logos) are embedded at appropriate positions within the online games, which are created on the basis of online images. The ads are selected based on multimodal relevance, i.e. text relevance, user relevance and visual content similarity. The game is able to provide viewers rich experience and thus promotes the embedded ads to provide more effective advertising. GameSense represents one of the first attempts toward effective online mashup applications which connect a photo-sharing site with an advertising agency. The effectiveness of GameSense is evaluated over a large-scale real world image set.     

Social networks on the Internet

The rapid development and expansion of the Internet and the social–based services comprised by the common Web 2.0 idea provokes the creation of the new area of research interests, i.e. social networks on the Internet called also virtual or online communities. Social networks can be either maintained and presented by social networking sites like MySpace, LinkedIn or indirectly extracted from the data about user interaction, activities or achievements such as emails, chats, blogs, homepages connected by hyperlinks, commented photos in multimedia sharing system, etc. A social network is the set of human beings or rather their digital representations that refer to the registered users who are linked by relationships extracted from the data about their activities, common communication or direct links gathered in the internet–based systems. Both digital representations named in the paper internet identities as well as their relationships can be characterized in many different ways. Such diversity yields for building a comprehensive and coherent view onto the concept of internet–based social networks. This survey provides in–depth analysis and classification of social networks existing on the Internet together with studies on selected examples of different virtual communities.     

Ferguson on Facebook: Political persuasion in a new era of media effects

In 2014, media outlets deemed political satirist John Oliver's show the best of the year. Described as “the online water-cooler,” his show has become a talking point for many on social media. In this study, we tested the effects of such political comedy and the influence of social pressure in a simulated Facebook environment (N = 189). Participants in this experiment were asked to view a video clip from Oliver's show (high or low salience topic) and in two of the four conditions, a series of Facebook comments contradicting Oliver's views (as a form of social pressure) were provided. Results support a message-consistent persuasive effect of political comedy for both high and low salience issues but finds that message-incongruent commentary reduces this persuasive effect. Thus, the current study provides further insight regarding persuasive effects of sharing political information on social media and new opportunities for exposing entertainment seekers to politics.     

Semantic processing of multimedia data for e-government applications

Knowledge management has become a challenge for almost all e-government applications where the efficient processing of large amounts of data is still a critical issue. In the last years, semantic techniques have been introduced to improve the full automatic digitalization process of documents, in order to facilitate the access to the information embedded in very large document repositories. In this paper, we present a novel model for multimedia digital documents aiming at improve effectiveness of digitalization activities within an information system supporting e-government organizations. At the best of our knowledge, the proposed model is one of the first attempts to give a single and unified characterization of multimedia documents managed by e-government applications, whereas semantic procedures and multimedia facilities are used for the transformation of unstructured documents into structured information. Furthermore, we define an architecture for the management of multimedia documents “life cycle”, which provides advanced functionalities for information extraction, semantic retrieval, indexing, storage, presentation, together with long-term preservation. Preliminary experiments concerning an e-health scenario are finally presented and discussed.