碳纤维(CF)表面接枝对聚酰亚胺(PMR-15)基复合材料界面性能的影响

通过冷等离子体连续表面接枝技术对CF进行表面处理,采用XPS对CF表面组成及特征基团变化进行分析。同时测定了CF/PMR-15层间剪切强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度,研究了表面接枝对CF/PMR-15界面强度和韧性的影响。      

CF/PMR-15复合材料界面的直观分析与材料性能的研究

本文采用透射电镜(TEM)对碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料(简称CF/PMR-15)界面形态、界面结构进行了TEM分析,结果表明:CF/PMR-15的界面形态、界面结构与CF的表面性质有关,且对CF/PMR-15的宏观性能有一定的影响。     

CF/PMR-15复合材料界面的湿热稳定性研究

研究了CF/PMR-15复合材料界面对湿热的稳定性.结果表明:水在复合材料中的扩散系数与界面粘结强度有关,经沸水浸泡后的复合材料,其ILSS(层间剪切强度)和界面剪切强度均有所提高;SEM复合材料断面观察表明:力学性能的变化与纤维-基体面粘结的湿热稳定性有直接关系;最后讨论了水对界面的作用机理.     

纤维／聚合物基体界面性能的原位表征

建立了复合材料界面强度原位测试系统，研制出界面剪切强度有限元分析软件并探讨了影响界面剪应力分析的因素，提出了改进的微观力学模型；利用该系统，研究了表面经不同改性处理的ＣＦ增强ＰＭＲ—１５聚酰亚胺复合材料界面的微观力学性能，结果表明：有效的表面处理可使ＣＦ／ＰＭＲ—１５界面剪切强度明显提高，并与其宏观性能具有较好的对应趋势。本文还初步探讨了界面破坏的过程。     

炭纤维表面接枝碳纳米管对复合材料界面性能的影响

采用聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树状分子化学修饰方法制备碳纳米管接枝炭纤维(CF-PAMAM-CNTs)新型增强体。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对接枝前后CF表面官能团和表面形貌进行表征;利用接触角测量、单丝拉伸方法研究了接枝前后纤维单丝的润湿性能及拉伸强度,并通过微脱黏法分析了其复合材料的界面剪切强度,同时探索了CNTs的最佳接枝量。结果表明,当CNTs接枝量为15%时,CF表面粗糙度提高了180%,表面能提高了300%,拉伸强度提高了22%,复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了178%,这表明CNTs接枝有利于改善CF复合材料的界面性能。     

电泳沉积氧化石墨烯的碳纤维表面改性及其增强环氧树脂复合材料界面性能

采用超声辅助电泳沉积法,以异丙醇作为溶剂,在连续碳纤维(CF)表面沉积一层氧化石墨烯(GO),对CF表面进行改性。再经200℃高温处理来增强(GO)与CF之间的黏合性,从而增加CF/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料的界面结合强度。利用SEM和AFM对改性前后CF的表面形貌及微观结构变化进行了表征,通过XPS对改性前后CF表面官能团的变化进行了检测。结果表明,在CF表面沉积GO并经200℃处理后,有效地部分还原了GO(RGO),填补或桥联了CF表面缺陷,使改性后CF的拉伸强度提高了34.58%。同时,高温处理使RGO与CF之间生成牢固的化学键,从而提高了RGO与CF之间的结合强度,最终使RGO-CF/EP复合材料的界面剪切强度(IFSS)提高了69.9%。      

基于碳纤维表面修饰制备碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)热塑性复合材料

碳纤维织物增强聚苯硫醚(CFF/PPS)复合材料是重要的热塑性航空复合材料,其难点为提高碳纤维(CF)与基体的浸润性及界面强度。探讨了CF表面修饰对CFF/PPS界面结合强度的影响,对比了热处理去浆及三种表面修饰剂对碳纤维单丝及CFF/PPS复合材料的改性效果。采用X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、单丝强度测试、复合材料静力学测试和动态力学分析等手段对CF表面修饰效果进行评价,建立了基于CF表面修饰制备高性能CFF/PPS热塑性航空复合材料的方法。制备的复合材料层间剪切强度达91.4MPa,弯曲强度953.7MPa,拉伸强度797.4MPa,模量68.4GPa,冲击强度58.3kJ/m2,用SEM观察到CF表面包覆大量PPS树脂。     

炭纤维表面处理对CF/PI复合材料界面性能的影响(英文）

在基体和成型工艺一定的条件下，炭纤维（CF）的表面状态决定了复合材料的界面性质通过空气冷等离子体处理、表面接技NA-酸酐和表面徐没涂层的方法对炭纤维进行表面改性：采用界面微脱粘测试技术表征不同表面处理方法对炭纤维／聚酰亚胶树脂复合材料界面剪切强度的影响；并应用TEM和图像处理技术对其界面进行直观表正计算出不同界面层厚度     

炭纤维表面处理对CF／PI复合材料界面性能的影响

在基体和成型工艺一定的条件下,炭纤维(CF)的表面状态决定了复合材料的界面性质通过空气冷等离子体处理、表面接技NA-酸酐和表面徐没涂层的方法对炭纤维进行表面改性:采用界面微脱粘测试技术表征不同表面处理方法对炭纤维/聚酰亚胶树脂复合材料界面剪切强度的影响;并应用TEM和图像处理技术对其界面进行直观表正计算出不同界面层厚度     

碳纤维表面处理对脉冲电磁场作用下碳纤维增强聚乳酸基复合材料降解行为的影响

采用HNO₃氧化对碳纤维进行表面处理,并制备了碳纤维增强聚乳酸基（CF/PLA）复合材料。研究了脉冲电磁场（PEF）对该条件下CF/PLA复合材料降解特性的影响。结果表明,碳纤维的表面处理对PEF作用下CF/PLA复合材料的吸水率、质量保持率、弯曲强度和剪切强度等均有不同程度的影响。分析表明,碳纤维表面处理形成的酯键在受到PEF作用后存在某种改变,进而导致CF/PLA复合材料界面降解行为的特异性。本研究有望提供一种从材料本身和外部条件协同控制的可降解CF/PLA骨折内固定装置解决方案。     

碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度及微观结构

研究了碳纳米管纤维的微观结构和拉伸性能,并进一步分析了其与环氧树脂形成界面剪切强度及微观结构。采用单丝断裂试验测试了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料体系的界面剪切强度,结合单丝断裂过程中的偏光显微镜照片、复合材料的拉曼谱图和断口扫描电镜照片,研究了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面的微观结构。结果表明: 碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度约为14 MPa;在碳纳米管纤维和环氧树脂形成界面的过程中,环氧树脂可以浸渍纤维,形成具有一定厚度的复合相,这种浸渍过程和界面相的形成都有利于碳纳米管纤维与基体之间的连接。     

树脂基复合材料界面剪切强度的测定

本文建立了一种界面剪切强度表征的新方法,对复合材料的单根纤维施加轴向压力,使其与周围树脂基体脱胶。通过有限元分析,得到界面剪切强度。这种方法适用于实际复合材料制件,克服了其它测试方法的不足,它不仅对于界面研究具有重大的理论价值,而且对复合材料制品检测,力学设计等方面都具有重要的实际意义。并可望用于测定金属基、陶瓷基复合材料的界面剪切强度。     

Determination of interfacial mechanical properties of ceramic composites by the compression of micro-pillar test specimens

A novel method to determine the fiber-matrix interfacial properties of ceramic matrix composites is proposed and evaluated; where micro-pillar samples containing inclined fiber/matrix interfaces were prepared from a SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites and then compression-tested using the nano-indentation technique. This new test method employs a simple geometry and mitigates the uncertainties associated with complex stress state in the conventional single-filament push-out method or tensile unloading–reloading hysteresis loop analysis method for the determination of interfacial properties. Based on the test results using samples with different interface orientations, the interfacial debond shear strength and the internal friction coefficient are explicitly determined and compared with values obtained by other test methods. SEM observation showed that micro compression caused an adhesive type of debonding between the fiber and the pyrolytic carbon interface. The results suggest that the debonding/failure behavior of the micro-pillars followed the Coulomb fracture criterion. The determined interfacial debond shear strength is ~100 MPa, which appears to be smaller than that determined from fiber push-out test for similar composite systems. The difference can be explained by the effect of normal stress (clamping stress) on the apparent interfacial debond shear strength.     

Ceramic composites: roles of fiber and interface

Results are presented that elucidate: (a) the effects of fiber coating on retained fiber strength and mechanical properties of Nicalon-fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites; and (b) the role of residual stresses in the interfacial bond strength of SiC-fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded Si₃N₄ matrix composites. For Nicalon-fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites that were fractured in a flexural mode, retained in-situ fiber strength, ultimate strength and work-of-fracture (WOF) of the composites increased with increasing thickness of the fiber coating and reached maximum values at a coating thickness of ≈0.3 μm. A direct correlation between the variation of in-situ fiber strength and the variation of ultimate strength and WOF of the composites clearly indicates the critical role of the retained in-situ strength of reinforcing fibers in composites. Fiber pushout tests performed on SiC-fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded Si₃N₄ matrix composites indicate that both debonding and frictional shear stresses decreased with increasing fiber content. These variations are consistent with the variation of residual radial stress on fibers, as measured by neutron diffraction, i.e. residual stresses decreased with increasing fiber content. Because fracture behavior is strongly controlled by interfacial bond strength, which is proportional to the residual radial stress, appropriate control of residual stresses is critical in the design of composites with desired fracture properties.     

Measurement and analytical validation of interfacial bond strength of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites

Carbon/carbon composites are well suited to high-friction applications due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Since interfacial shear strength is critical to composite performance, characterization of fiber/matrix interface is a crucial step in tailored design of composites. This article presents a hybrid experimental/analytical study to evaluate the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites. Microstructure was studied by light and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A series of push-out tests were conducted to examine the fiber/matrix debonding process. The residual fiber displacement was confirmed by scanning electron microcopy (SEM). The validity of the calculated IFSS value was demonstrated by a simplified analytical approach, where the components contributing to the measured displacement were analyzed considering the mechanics of the indentation. The method described in this article has been successfully used for determining the IFSS of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites.     

The role of interfacial debonding in increasing the strength and reliability of unidirectional fibrous composites

A Monte-Carlo simulation technique based on a finite-element method has been developed in order to clarify the effect of interfacial shear strength on the tensile strength and reliability of fibrous composites. In the simulation a boron/epoxy monolayer composite was modelled, and five hundred simulations were carried out for various interfacial shear strengths. The interfacial shear strength value which raised the average strength of the composite corresponded approximately to the value which reduced the coefficient of variation. This implies the existence of an optimum value of interfacial shear strength which can increase the strength and reliability. The simulated strength and reliability were closely related to the degree and type of damage around a fiber break. That is to say, large-scale debonding caused by a weak interfacial bond and matrix cracking caused by a strong bond reduced the number of fiber breaks accumulated up to the maximum stress, and decreased the strength and reliability. On the other hand, small-scale debonding promoted comparatively the cumulative effect of fiber breaks and played a key role in increasing the composite strength and reliability.     

Effect of nano-SiO2 modified emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion of carbon fibers reinforced composites

The influence of nano-SiO₂ modified epoxy emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion properties of carbon fibers reinforced composites was investigated. The interfacial interaction between carbon fibers and the matrix was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-point short-beam shear testing. The results showed that the amount of hydroxyl groups was slightly increased on the carbon fibers surface after treatment with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing. Compared to the unsized composites, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) values for the composites with unmodified sizing and nano-SiO₂ modified sizing were increased by 9% and 14%, respectively. The holes and carbon fibers pullout were not observed in their fracture sections. Surprisingly, the fracture section of the composites with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing was more compact and the fiber debonding was more difficult.     

Role of a gradient interface layer in interfacial enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy hierarchical composites

To improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibers/epoxy composites, we introduced a gradient interphase reinforced by graphene sheets between carbon fibers and matrix with a liquid phase deposition strategy. Interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength of the composites are both improved. The interfacial reinforcing mechanisms are explored by analyzing the structure of interfacial phase with linear scanning system of scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. Results indicate that carbon element shows a graded dispersion in the interface region and a gradient interface layer with the modulus decreasing from fibers and matrix is found to be built. To verify the effect of gradient interphase on the interfacial properties of composites, the mixture of carbon fiber/graphene/epoxy is sonicated before curing to disperse graphene sheets in matrix homogeneously. As a result, gradient interphase structures are disappeared and interfacial performance of composites is found to be weakened. The role of gradient interface layers in enhancing interfacial performances is further proved from a different angle.     

Plasma surface modification of advanced organic fibres

The interlaminar shear strength, interlaminar fracture energy, flexural strength and modulus of extended-chain polyethylene/epoxy composites are improved substantially when the fibres are pretreated in an ammonia plasma to introduce amine groups on to the fibre surface. These property changes are examined in terms of the microscopic properties of the fibre/matrix interface. Fracture surface micrographs show clean interfacial tensile and shear fracture in composites made from untreated fibres, indicative of a weak interfacial bond. In contrast, fracture surfaces of composites made from ammonia plasma-treated fibres exhibit fibre fibrillation and internal shear failure as well as matrix cracking, suggesting stronger fibre/matrix bonding, in accord with the observed increase in interlaminar fracture energy and shear strength. Failure of flexural test specimens occurs exclusively in compression, and the enhanced flexural strength and modulus of composites containing plasma-treated fibres result mainly from reduced compressive fibre buckling and debonding due to stronger interfacial bonding. Fibre treatment by ammonia plasma also causes an appreciable loss in the transverse ballistic impact properties of the composite, in accord with a higher fibre/matrix interfacial bond strength.