Pd／C催化剂的失活与再生

对用于加氢反应的Ｐｄ／Ｃ催化剂的失活原因进行了研究分析。结果表明，杂质覆盖是催化剂失活的主要原因。提出了加催化剂防护层、碱液再生催化剂等方法来延长催化剂的使用寿命。     

SCR脱硝催化剂失活再生

介绍火电机组SCR脱硝催化剂在运行过程中失活的原因,以及再生的技术方法,包括水洗再生、化学清洗再生以及活性液浸渍再生。     

FCC催化剂失活与再生

论述了近年来国内外对FCC催化剂失活,特别是中毒和积炭失活的研究现状。重点论述了FCC平衡剂再生利用的发展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

失活钒催化剂的碱处理再生

失活钒催化剂的碱处理再生在失活钒催化剂的几种再生方法中，有发展前途的是碱处理法，其实质是用碱溶液处理失活钒催化剂，得到钾或钠的钒酸盐，再制成新的催化剂。ＩＯ．Ｐ。。ｐｏ。ｏ。等人研究了失活钒催化剂在钒酸钾碱溶液里的溶解、硅胶（载体）的再沉淀及熟化和新...     

分子筛型催化剂的失活与再生

轻烃转化过程中酸性分子筛催化剂失活的主要原因是积炭。积炭由反应物生成,其生成速率受分子筛的孔结构、酸性及反应操作条件影响。通过积炭组分形成过程的分析,可以提出积炭形式的模型及限制分子筛催化剂积炭失活的一些方法和最佳化的再生条件。从失活催化剂上去除积炭,一般是在贫氧空气流下的氧化处理,由于积炭分子中大量的氢原子在低温下被氧化,防止分子筛分解的再生操作方法分为2个阶段：第一阶段低温,第二阶段高温,通过使催化剂在高温下避免与水蒸气接触而减少催化剂的分解。     

渣油加氢失活催化剂的再生研究

本文针对渣油加氢失活催化剂进行了探索性再生研究,采用不同类型、不同浓度的酸溶液对失活催化剂进行处理,利用氮气吸脱附、ICP等对催化剂进行表征,并考察了再生催化剂的渣油加氢脱硫活性。结果表明,乙二酸对失活催化剂上的Ni和V同时具有较高的浸取率,尤其是V的浸取率。适量浓度的乙二酸处理的再生催化剂,其加氢脱硫活性能够恢复到新鲜催化剂的80%以上。     

加氢裂化催化剂的失活与再生研究

为了研究催化剂失活原因,并为提高催化剂效率和使用寿命提供参考,对一种用于两段式加氢裂化工业装置的失活和再生后的加氢裂化催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,失活催化剂上有明显的积碳、有机硫氮吸附和金属沉积,活性金属团聚、分子筛结构破坏、金属沉积等造成的失活是无法恢复的。再生后,与新鲜催化剂相比,催化剂的比表面积、孔容、活性金属分散性和酸性均有明显下降。小试评价结果表明,再生催化剂的加氢裂化活性降低,反应温度比新鲜剂高2℃左右。原料性质较好、床层温度较低的二段再生催化剂,其理化性质和活性都优于一段再生催化剂。     

石脑油芳构化改质催化剂失活原因分析及失活催化剂的再生

对石脑油芳构化改质催化剂失活的因素分别进行了研究,结果表明:原料油中的氮化物、原料油含有水溶性碱类物质及反应过程中催化剂的结焦是导致石脑油芳构化改质催化剂失活的主要因素。因此。对石脑油芳构化的原料油,要求其中氮化物质量分数不得超过5.0μg·g~(-1),且不得含有水溶性碱类物质。也可以通过化学法脱碱、补充活性金属及活化处理等措施使其再生恢复活性。     

新型二甲苯异构化催化剂的工业生产及应用

针对二甲苯异构化催化剂的需求热点,开发了新型C8芳烃异构化催化剂。该催化剂在抚顺石化公司催化剂厂工业批量生产36 t,在辽阳分公司对二甲苯装置上进行工业应用,并针对该催化剂的反应特点,对装置进行改造,催化剂投料后,乙苯转化率达到22.88%,PX/ΣX达到23.32。从工业标定的结果和装置运行情况看,各项技术指标均达到或超过了项目合同指标要求。     

轻质烷烃异构化催化剂及机理研究进展

简介了近年来国内外轻质烷烃异构化新工艺和新催化剂,综述了近年来的经典及新提出的异构化反应机理。根据反应机理针对不同催化剂体系总结了提高异构催化剂反应活性和选择性的途径,并展望了反应机理在制备新型催化剂领域以及提高催化剂的活性和选择性方面的重要指导意义。     

正丁烷异构化催化剂的制备及其反应的研究

制备了一系列担载贵金属Pt的分子筛催化剂，评价了不同载Pt量对催化剂活性的影响。分子筛Pt含量的变化对反应结果影响很大，确定了载Pt量为催化剂总量的0．2％Pt/HZSM-5催化剂，能使正丁烷转化率＞40％，异丁烷选择性＞80％，同时考虑了反应温度，反应压力和H2／nC4^0对正丁烷异构化反应转化率及选择性的影响，结果表明：反应温度350－450℃，反应压力1．0－2．0MPa;H2/nC40－1．3等工艺条件较适合于正丁烷异构化反应，担载贵金属Pt的分子筛型催化剂对正丁烷异构化反应是一种很理想的催化剂。     

Regeneration of S-poisoned Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for the combustion of methane

Regeneration of S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts for the abatement of methane emissions from natural gas vehicles was addressed in this work.

Investigations were devoted to determine the temperature threshold allowing for catalyst reactivation under different CH₄ containing atmospheres. Under lean combustion conditions in the presence of excess O₂, partial regeneration took place only above 750 °C after decomposition of stable sulphate species adsorbed on the support. Short CH₄-reducing, O₂-free pulses led to partial catalyst reactivation already at 550 °C and to practically complete regeneration at 600 °C. Also in this case reactivation was associated with SO₂ release due to the decomposition of stable support sulphates likely promoted by CH₄ activation onto the reduced metallic Pd surface. Rich combustion pulses with CH₄/O₂ = 2 were equally effective to CH₄-reducing pulses in catalyst regeneration.

These results suggest that a regeneration strategy based on periodical natural gas pulses fed to the catalyst by a by-pass line might be efficient in limiting the effects of S-poisoning of palladium catalysts for the abatement of CH₄ emissions from natural gas engine.     

Isomerization of Alpha-pinene Over Acid Treated Natural Zeolite

In this study, isomerization of α-pinene was studied over several acid-treated natural zeolite catalysts rich in clinoptilolite. Zeolite samples were contacted with HCl at different concentrations at 30°C or at 60°C for 3 and 24 hours and tested in isomerization reaction of alpha-pinene. The catalysts prepared were characterized by XRD, nitrogen adsorption, and acidity studies. Acidity strength and the distribution of Lewis and Brönsted acid sites of the catalysts were determined, and their catalytic activities in α-pinene isomerization and selectivities to main reaction products, camphene and limonene, were investigated. Acid treatment improved the selectivity of catalyst samples to camphene, decreasing the selectivity to limonene, probably forcing limonene to secondary reactions at high conversions.

The kinetics of α-pinene consumption was described by first-order kinetics. Two kinetic models were tested for the reaction mechanism and one model was found to give a good correlation between the theoretical and experimental data. In the models, the key intermediate was the pinylcarbonium ion, which was formed irreversibly from α-pinene.

Number and distribution of Lewis and Brönsted acid sites affect the formation of bicyclic and monocyclic products.     

仲丁醇脱氢催化剂的再生

简单地介绍了仲丁醇脱氢反应的机理,催化剂的特点和催化剂的再生步骤,通过操作看出较低的再生温度有利于保护催化剂。     

Preparation of Pd/Al2O3/Al catalysts for CO removal

Aluminum was carefully anodized, then palladium salts were supported on its A1₂O₃ surface layer by ion-exchange. CO 3.76 vol% contained in the air can be eliminated at around 200 °C. Both anodization conditions and the nature of the precursor solutions affect catalyst nature, particularly the pH value of the precursor solutions. The pH value of the solution suitable for supporting active components is 5–6. Palladium, which is present as Pd²⁺ and Pd⁴⁺ after calcination,distributes uniformly on the support surface which had a honeycomb structure.     

Isomerization of alkyl naphthalene and refining of 2-methylnaphthalene

A preparation process of 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) was proposed by isomerization, side-stream distillation and extractive distillation. The isomerization of alkyl naphthalene was catalyzed by acid-treated HBEA zeolites, and the 2-MN selectivity of isomerization was 92.70%. Side-stream distillation and extractive distillation were investigated by simulation, and effects of operation parameters on 2-MN were studied. Further, the simulated results were verified by experiment. Under the optimal condition, the mass fraction of 2-MN reached to 98.09%in the product, and the yield was 83.84%in refining process.     

Polyol-Derived Alkoxide/Hydroxide Base Catalysts I. Production

A metal methoxide is more expensive than a metal hydroxide and dissolves in methanol releasing a methoxide ion without producing water. The methoxide ion has a higher reaction rate making it more preferred for industrial biodiesel production. This study describes the preparation of alkoxide catalysts from metal hydroxides and non-volatile, non-toxic polyols. Heating aqueous solutions of metal hydroxides and different polyols (1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, xylitol and sorbitol) under vacuum yielded polyol-derived alkoxide base catalysts (PDABC). Comparison of the drying process for respective sodium hydroxide-polyol combinations at two mole ratios of sodium hydroxide to polyol showed that drying at 2:1 mole ratio (metal hydroxide to polyol) was more efficient than that of 3:1. Dehydration of alkaline solutions containing three or more hydroxyl groups (glycerol, sorbitol and xylitol) was faster than drying similar solutions of diols. The empirical formula determined confirmed that the resulting powders contained mono-sodium substituted alkoxides at 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 (sodium hydroxide: polyol) mole ratio. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared from canola oil and methanol using glycerol sodium alkylate as a catalyst. The conversion yield of oil to methyl ester was greater than 99 %.     

Regeneration of coked catalysts—modelling and verification of coke burn-off in single particles and fixed bed reactors

The regeneration of a coked naphtha reforming catalyst (Pt/Re-Al₂O₃) was studied by kinetic investigations on the effective rate of coke burn-off. For temperatures of industrial relevance for the catalyst, i.e., below (deactivation), the coke burn-off within the cylindrical particles is determined by the interplay of chemical reaction and pore diffusion; limitation by external mass transfer can be excluded for . Based on the parameters of the intrinsic kinetics and of the structure of the catalyst (porosity, tortuosity), the regeneration process is modelled and discussed both on the level of a single particle and in a technical fixed bed reactor. The results of modelling are compared with data from lab-scale investigations (coke profiles within the particles) and the performance data of the regeneration in an industrial fixed bed reactor (moving reaction zone); the agreement of calculation and measurement is in both cases complete.