Macro-mechanical properties of columnar jointed basaltic rock masses

From the geological structure of the columnar jointed rock mass, a visual model was established in software AUTOCAD by programming based on the algorithm of the Voronoi diagram. Furthermore, a program to convert the AUTOCAD model into 3DEC (3-dimensional distinct element code) model was developed, and a numerical model was established in 3DEC. Moreover, the results of triaxial compression tests of columnar jointed rock masses were simulated numerically. The REV (representative element volume) scale was studied, and the result shows that the REV size is 3 m × 3 m. The proposed approach, the established model and the numerical simulation were applied to study the macro-mechanical properties and the equivalent strength parameters of the columnar jointed rock mass. The numerical simulation results are in good accordance with the in-situ test results.     

含层状节理岩体力学性质数值模拟研究

采用GDEM软件分析不同角度下平行层状节理岩体力学性质,探讨节理角度与加载方向夹角的变化对试件破坏模式的影响,采用工程常见的不同层间岩体材料建立平行层状节理模型,通过静载单轴压缩、双轴压缩和纯剪切3种加载方式,分析此类岩体模型在不同倾斜角度情况下破坏形式、加载过程应力应变关系和峰值载荷变化趋势。分析结果表明平行层次节理岩体的力学性质和峰值强度与节理倾角有直接关系,并通过模拟发现在3种加载情况下平行层次节理岩体表现出明显的弹脆性力学的特点。     

柱状节理岩体宏观等效强度参数的柱体尺寸效应

为研究柱状节理岩体柱体尺寸对岩体等效强度参数的影响,以金沙江白鹤滩水电站工程为背景,结合相关岩石力学试验方法,建立柱状节理岩体三维离散元模型.提出随机柱体平均大对角线长尺寸控制方案,并对柱状节理岩体进行三轴压缩试验数值模拟研究.研究结果表明,采用的随机柱状节理岩体尺寸控制方案能够合理描述尺寸效应对等效强度参数的影响,柱体尺寸的变化对与柱体垂直加载方向的等效强度参数影响较大,这是主要影响因素;四棱柱形柱状节理岩体错距变化对与错距平行的岩体等效强度参数产生较大影响,对其他2个方向的等效强度参数影响较弱,这是次要影响因素.在此基础上推导出柱体尺寸与岩体等效强度参数的关系,研究结果为工程实践中等效力学参数的确定提供了相关参考.     

水电站机墩结构自振特性研究

水电站机墩组合结构是水轮发电机组的主要支撑结构,其自振特性是分析共振复核和动态设计的重要基础.<水电站厂房设计规范>中的自振频率计算公式过于简化,不完全符合实际.以某大型水电站地厂房为例,对其机墩组合结构建立三维有限元计算分析模型,比较了机墩各种不同组合模型的自振频率及振型.结果表明,仅仅模拟机墩结构或只考虑机墩及其上部或下部结构,都不能准确反映机墩结构的真实性态,也将对振动安全评价产生不利影响.从理论上讲,考虑一定范围围岩的整体有限元模型最符合实际,也较为科学,但从方便实用的角度分析,考虑机墩组合的整体混凝土结构较为适宜.     

N-J水电站岩爆区应力释放孔预裂控制的爆破分析

为了对N-J水电站引水隧洞岩爆区进行卸压分析,对施工区的SS-1砂岩进行岩爆倾向性试验,采用弹性能量指数作为岩爆倾向判断指标,试验结果表明施工区具有强烈的岩爆倾向,说明了进行钻孔卸压的必要性。运用扩展有限元方法对钻孔预裂爆破进行数值模拟,模拟不同抗拉强度的岩体(4、6、8、10 MPa)在不同钻孔间距(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 m)的孔内预裂爆破情况,分析了爆破过程的能量耗散率、裂缝贯穿最小冲击力等。数值分析结果表明:预裂爆破能量耗散率随卸压孔间距的增加而增大,基本呈指数型增长趋势;岩爆区的计算冲击应力小于岩石极限动态抗拉强度时,爆破不会使钻孔壁产生压碎破坏;在施工现场应对钻孔间距进行合理布局,以保证良好的卸压效果。     

Time effect and prediction of broken rock bulking coefficient on the base of particle discrete element method

Bulking characteristics of gangue are of great significance for the stability of goafs in mining overburden in the caving zones. In this paper, a particle discrete element method with clusters to represent gangue was adopted to explore the bulking coefficient time effect of the broken rock in the caving zone under three-dimensional triaxial compression condition. The phenomena of stress corrosion, deformation,and failure of rock blocks were simulated in the numerical model. Meanwhile, a new criterion of rock fragments damage was put forward. It was found that the broken rock has obvious viscoelastic properties. A new equation based on the Burgers creep model was proposed to predict the bulking coefficient of broken rock. A deformation characteristic parameter of the prediction equation was analyzed, which can be set as a fixed value in the mid-and long-term prediction of the bulking coefficient. There are quadratic function relationships between the deformation characteristic parameter value and Talbot gradation index, axial pressure and confining pressure.