建交流平台 促电网发展

中国经济正以前所未有的速度发展,电力工业的发展为经济发展提供了源源不断的动力,并呈现许多新的特点:电源结构不断完善,不仅大容量、高参数机组发展较快,风电等新能源发电也逐渐成为发展的热点;电     

多功能型波浪能装置研究进展

波浪能具有清洁无污染的特点,可以改善现有的能源结构。由于波浪能发电装置的研发受制于建造和维护成本过高这一瓶颈,专家们提出了多功能型波浪能装置的设计方案。除了波浪能发电之外,多功能型波浪能装置还具有防波堤消浪、海上风机发电、潮汐能发电、潮流能发电、光伏发电和海水淡化等用途。文章重点阐述了多功能型波浪能装置的技术特点以及波浪能捕获效率、电力输出、装置结构的动力响应和动力摄取系统等方面的最新研究进展,并对多功能型波浪能装置的发展提出了建议,对于未来多功能型波浪能装置的研发具有参考价值。     

太阳能与风能发电在通信电源系统中的综合应用

介绍了太阳能发电与风力发电相结合在边远通信基站电源系统中的应用设计,针对通信系统的电源特点和要求,引入了主备控制方式的太阳能充电控制技术以及常规的高频整流方式的风能充电控制技术,两种发电方式组成的互为补充的供电方式,可大大降低单纯采用太阳能供电的电源系统成本,并进一步提高系统供电的安全性.     

分布式电源接入崇明电网的分析与建议

随着国内外对于环境保护、低碳经济、新能源利用的呼声,风力发电、太阳能发电、生物质能发电等利用清洁能源发电应运而生.介绍了目前崇明电网的结构及负荷特点,通过分析分布式电源的装机容量、并网方式、容量与负荷配比、接入崇明电网后给系统带来的影响,提出了安全接入分布式电源的相关建议和解决方法.     

基于植物发电技术的分布式 发电系统容量规划

针对当前生物质能源的发展现状,提出一种新型生物质能源利用技术,基于植物发电技术建立一种新的分布式发电系统模型,并对此类型分布式电源并网进行电源容量规划。首先介绍了植物发电技术,并结合相关研究成果总结了该技术的发展现状。其次,对植物发电电源进行基础建模,并进一步提出基于此技术的分布式发电系统数学模型;之后利用改进遗传算法对含植物发电电源的分布式发电系统的电源容量进行优化计算。最后,通过一个IEEE33节点算例进行仿真优化,得出最优规划方案,并验证所提出系统规划的可行性和有效性     

电源优化器在光伏发电系统中的应用分析

在光伏发电系统中,阴影的遮挡会造成光伏发电系统输出功率及发电量的降低,电源优化器的分散式板载直流电源管理技术能够在一定程度上减少这种损失。本文对顺德中山大学太阳能研究院4个装机容量均为1.01 kWp的光伏并网发电系统进行电源优化器的阴影遮挡对比实验,结果表明,光伏阵列在明显阴影遮挡情况下,安装电源优化器的系统发电量较一般系统高50.7%;在阴影遮挡的大部分时间段内,安装电源优化器系统的实时输出功率较一般系统高出50%以上,优化效果明显。本文的实例分析结果对一些不可避免阴影遮挡的光伏发电系统的设计及安装具有一定的参考价值。     

计及风电和小水电的发电系统可靠性评估研究

根据分布式电源随机输出功率的特点,利用集群技术,将较多的机组出力状态集合成较少的组群,建立了风电多容量机组可靠性模型和小水电机组改进的双状态模型。针对现有发电系统停运容量模型存在计算繁琐的问题,运用停运容量预备表优化排序,减省计算步骤和时间。将容量模型和日尖峰负荷模型结合,形成新型发电系统的裕度评估体系,采用某含多风电场和遍布小水电的地区的发电系统作为算例,编制MATLAB程序计算了一系列可靠性指标,定量分析了分布式电源对发电系统可靠性的影响。     

复合发电能提高效率

据《中国电力报》 2 0 0 0年 3月 2 2日刊载新华社东京讯 ,日本电源开发公司将燃料电池、燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机三种发电方式组合在一起进行发电 ,可将全厂发电效率提高到 5 9% ;这么高的效率 ,过去是不可能的。这一新发电方式叫做“煤炭气化燃料电池复合发电系统”。新系统首先把     

杭州分布式电源综合管理系统研究与实践

结合国网杭州供电公司建设的分布式电源综合管理系统,介绍杭州供电公司在分布式电源接入与管理中的研究与实践成果,主要包括系统的总架构和系统功能等内容。该系统实现对分布式电源数据的采集与监视、发电功率预测、发电统计分析、调度辅助决策和气象信息管理等一系列功能。     

基于随机生产模拟的发电系统储能容量优化配置

在发电系统中配置储能可提高系统的灵活性,缓解高比例可再生能源发电并网给调峰带来的压力.在众多的储能技术中,蓄电池储能备受青睐,世界各国兴建了众多蓄电池储能示范项目以促进其发展.在电源端合理配置储能容量,有助于提高发电系统的经济性.为此,提出基于随机生产模拟的发电系统蓄电池储能容量优化配置模型,该模型以发电系统的综合成本...     

管理与技术并重的企业清洁生产工作研究

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）以其能量转化率高、低排放、能量和功率密度高等优点被认为是适应未来能源和环境要求的理想动力源之一。双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池组中的关键功能部件之一,而且时电池组的成本、体积和质量有直接影响。开发同时具有优良的综合性能和低成本的双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池实现产业化的必然要求。综述了目前各种双极板材料的研发现状,并对各种材料进行了比较,提出了双极板材料的发展趋势。     

车用质子交换膜燃料电池发动机系统控制技术现状研究

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)以其高能量密度、工作温度低、无污染排放、结构紧凑等优点被公认为发展前景最好的汽车动力源之一,对车用(PEMFC)发动机系统的氢气/空气供给系统、水/热管理系统、安全系统、压力,温湿度控制系统的技术现状进行了系统分析,对PEMFC发动机的控制理论,如模糊控制、预测控制与应用技术发展方向进行了研究。     

Channel geometry optimization using a 2D fuel cell model and its verification for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

This paper studies the optimization method of channel geometries for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) using a genetic algorithm (GA). The channel and rib widths and channel height are selected as geometry variables. The fuel cell output power is chosen as the cost function for the optimization. In this paper, an in-house genetic algorithm is constructed, and the fuel cell output power is obtained using an interfacing program connected to a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool, COMSOL, in a Matlab environment. The 2D PEMFC is used to calculate the performance cost function for computational time and cost. The calculated output power of the PEMFC is delivered to the in-house GA program to check for optimality. After the optimality is checked, the new geometry data is fed back to the COMSOL to calculate the PEMFC output power until the optimization process is finished. Experiments are conducted to support the optimized results using three different channel geometries: channel-to-rib width ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1. A full 3D PEMFC CFD model is constructed using COMSOL to support the 2D CFD optimization results. This paper shows the possibility of applying the geometry optimization process to sophisticated electrochemical reaction systems, such as a PEMFC, using a GA and a commercial CFD tool on the Matlab platform. The geometries and materials can be optimized using this approach to obtain the most efficient performance of an electrochemical system.     

Dynamic modelling of PEM fuel cell system for simulation and sizing of marine power systems

This article presents a model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system for marine power systems. PEMFC in marine hybrid power sources can have various power ranges and capacities in contrast with vehicle applications. Investigating PEMFCs behaviour and performance for various conditions and configurations is demanded for proper sizing and feasibility studies. Hence, modelling and simulation facilitate understanding the performance of the PEMFC behaviour with various sizes and configurations in power systems. The developed model in this work has a system level fidelity with real time capabilities, which can be utilized for simulator approaches besides quasi-static studies with a power-efficiency curve. Moreover, the model can be used for scaling the PEMFC power range by considering transient responses and corresponding efficiencies. The Bond graph approach as a multi-disciplinary energy based modelling strategy is employed for the PEMFC as a multi domains system. In the end, various PEMFC cell numbers and compressor sizes have been compared with power-efficiency curves and transient responses in a benchmark.     

An energetic–exergetic analysis of a residential CHP system based on PEM fuel cell

The use of fuel cell systems for distributed residential power generation represents an interesting alternative to traditional thermoelectric plants due to their high efficiency and the potential recovering of the heat generated by the internal electrochemical reactions. In this paper the study of a micro cogenerative (CHP) energy system based on a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is reported.     

Harvesting of PEM fuel cell heat energy for a thermal engine in an underwater glider

The heat generated by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is generally removed from the cell by a cooling system. Combining heat energy and electricity in a PEMFC is highly desirable to achieve higher fuel efficiency. This paper describes the design of a new power system that combines the heat energy and electricity in a miniature PEMFC to improve the overall power efficiency in an underwater glider. The system makes use of the available heat energy for navigational power of the underwater glider while the electricity generated by the miniature PEMFC is used for the glider's sensors and control system. Experimental results show that the performance of the thermal engine can be obviously improved due to the high quality heat from the PEMFC compared with the ocean environmental thermal energy. Moreover, the overall fuel efficiency can be increased from 17 to 25% at different electric power levels by harvesting the PEMFC heat energy for an integrated fuel cell and thermal engine system in the underwater glider.     

质子交换膜燃料电池的应用研究

质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）与其它燃料电池一样，是利用氧化、还原反应产生电子流的装置。它以氢为燃料、以氧为氧化剂，把化学能直接转化为电能。由于该电池以氢气为燃料，生成的产物是水，对环境造成的污染少。在化石燃料日益短缺及环境污染日益严峻的条件下，燃料电池倍受关注。而近几年发展起来的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）由于其无污染、发电效率高等特点正受到各国各部门的重视。主要评述了PEMFC的主要用途、工作原理及其实现商业化所面临的几个主要问题。     

Comprehensive influences measurement and analysis of power converter low frequency current ripple on PEM fuel cell

To deeply understand the influences of power converter's low frequency current ripple (LFCR) and harmonics on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in its power conditioning system (PCS), a comprehensive measurement and analysis of the influences of LFCR and harmonics on PEMFC's performance and durability is investigated in this paper. Based on an equivalent circuit model of PEMFC stack and a mechanism model for evaluating the LFCR effects on the PEMFC, this paper studies primarily and systematically the comprehensive influences of LFCR and harmonics on PEMFC performances and durability, such as (1) degrading the PEMFC performance, (2) shortening the lifetime of PEMFC, (3) reducing the stack output power, (4) lowing its availability efficiency, (5) producing more heat and raising the PEMFC temperature, (6) consuming more fuel, and (7) decreasing the fuel utilization. Finally, a Horizon 300 W PEMFC stack is implemented and tested.     

Thermo-economic analysis of using an organic Rankine cycle for heat recovery from both the cell stack and reformer in a PEMFC for power generation

Distributed power generation is gaining attention as a solution for the transmission loss and site selection in centralized power generation. Polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are suitable as a distributed power source for residential areas because of their high efficiency and low environmental impact. This study proposes a combined power generation system for recovering waste heat from both the cell stack and the reformer of a PEMFC by applying an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). The best working fluid with the highest ORC power output (i.e., the highest combined system efficiency) was identified through a parametric study of different working fluids. An economic analysis was also performed for different working fluids, waste heat sources, and types of system operation. The results show that the installation cost of the ORC can be recovered within the fuel cell's lifetime in all design cases. Greater cumulative profit can be generated by maintaining the same power output as the stand-alone PEMFC system for greater efficiency than when increasing the power output to sell surplus power. The results demonstrate that the optimal heat recovery from the PEMFC system is both thermodynamically and economically beneficial.     

Thermal analysis and management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks for automotive vehicle

The thermal management of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is crucial for fuel cell vehicles. This paper presents a new simulation model for the water-cooled PEMFC stacks for automotive vehicles and cooling systems. The cooling system model considers both the cooling of the stack and cooling of the compressed air through the intercooler. Theoretical analysis was carried out to calculate the heat dissipation requirements for the cooling system. The case study results show that more than 99.0% of heat dissipation requirement is for thermal management of the PEMFC stack; more than 98.5% of cooling water will be distributed to the stack cooling loop. It is also demonstrated that controlling cooling water flow rate and stack inlet cooling water temperature could effectively satisfy thermal management constraints. These thermal management constraints are differences in stack inlet and outlet cooling water temperature, stack temperature, fan power consumption, and pump power consumption.