《除草剂混用原理与应用技术》书讯

除草剂混用原理与应用技术》由河南省农科院植保所张玉聚等同志主编,于1999年10月由中国农业科技出版社出版,该书54万字,16开本353页,定价58元。本书概括地介绍了除草剂混用的意义、应用方式和发展方向;系统地介绍了各类除草剂混用后所产生的物理、化学和生物学变化,及其产生这些变化的机理;深入详细地介绍了各类除草剂混用对其除草效果的影响、除草谱的变化、对作物的药害,并介绍了一些避免除草剂间拮抗作用、提高除草剂混用效果、减少混用除草剂对作物产生药害的措施;对主要作物田除草剂混用技术、及其各生育时期除草剂混用和轮用方法、农…     

《除草剂混用原理与应用技术》书讯

《除草剂混用原理与应用技术》由河南省农科院植保所张玉聚等同志主编 ,于 1 999年 1 0月由中国农业科技出版社出版 ,该书 54万字 ,1 6开本 353页 ,定价 58元。本书概括地介绍了除草剂混用的意义、应用方式和发展方向 ;系统地介绍了各类除草剂混用后所产生的物理、化学和生物学变化 ,及其产生这些变化的机理 ;深入详细地介绍了各类除草剂混用对其除草效果的影响、除草谱的变化、对作物的药害 ,并介绍了一些避免除草剂间拮抗作用、提高除草剂混用效果、减少混用除草剂对作物产生药害的措施 ;对主要作物田除草剂混用技术、及其各生育时期除草…     

异噁唑草酮单用及混用对玉米田杂草的防治效果

[目的]明确异唑草酮与莠去津或乙草胺混用在玉米田的杂草防除效果及安全性。[方法]田间设置异唑草酮、莠去津、乙草胺单用或混用及不同剂量的处理,评估除草效果及安全性。[结果]异唑草酮与莠去津或乙草胺混用的除草效果显著优于3种药剂单用和莠去津与乙草胺混用对杂草的防效。84.4 g a.i./hm~2的75%的异唑草酮与莠去津或乙草胺混用施药后40 d对杂草的总防效在94%以上,对玉米无药害。[结论]异唑草酮与莠去津或乙草胺混用对玉米安全,除草效果良好。     

植物生长调节剂与除草剂混用对水稻的安全性及对除草效果的影响

[目的]探索植物生长调节剂与除草剂混用后对减轻作物药害和提高除草剂药效的影响。[方法]采用室内盆栽的方法,研究芸苔素内酯和胺鲜脂分别与不同除草剂混用后对水稻药害的减轻作用或是生长促进的作用,同时研究这2种植物生长调节剂对除草剂药效的影响作用。[结果]二氯喹啉酸与芸苔素内酯混用能够提高对稗草的防效;唑草酮与胺鲜脂混用,不仅可以减轻对水稻的药害,而且对水稻的生长有一定的促进作用;二氯喹啉酸与胺鲜脂混用,稗草的防效降低,对水稻的药害加重;嘧啶肟草醚与芸苔素内酯混用,对水稻的药害加重。[结论]植物生长调节剂与除草剂混用是减轻作物药害和提高除草效果的一个有效途径。     

唑禾草灵与阔叶杂草防除剂混用的药效研究

室内和田间试验研究了唑禾草灵与麦田常用阔叶杂草防除剂２甲４氯、灭草松、甲磺隆以及绿磺隆混用的兼容性和联合作用类型。室内试验结果说明，唑禾草灵与供试除草剂水稀释液混用的兼容性良好，混用后不会出现分层、沉淀或表面张力增大等不良反应。田间试验结果表明，唑禾草灵与２甲４氯、灭草松混用对野燕麦、婆婆纳、猪殃殃及试验田中所有杂草的总体防效均表现为拮抗作用；唑禾草灵与甲磺隆或绿磺隆混用，对野燕麦表现为拮抗作用，对阔叶杂草则多表现为相加或增效作用。文中还对除草剂混用联合作用的评价方法进行了讨论。     

氟啶草酮与丙炔氟草胺混用对棉田杂草的防除效果

[目的]明确氟啶草酮与丙炔氟草胺混用后防除棉田杂草的应用潜力。[方法]测定2者混用的联合作用类型,对棉花和杂草的选择性、杀草谱,并进行田间验证。[结果]氟啶草酮与丙炔氟草胺混用,对棉田杂草的联合作用主要为相加作用或拮抗作用。混用后对棉花和阔叶杂草选择性系数大于2,有一定选择性,对禾本科杂草稗草选择系数小于1,选择性一般;混用可以扩大杀草谱,提高部分杂草的除草活性。田间试验表明:混用对棉田稗草、龙葵、反枝苋等防效达77.3%～98.3%,活性较好,并在一定程度上缓解丙炔氟草胺对棉花的药害。[结论]氟啶草酮和丙炔氟草胺混用对棉花安全,且棉田杂草防效较高,有较好应用前景。     

增效磷对杀虫剂的增效作用和增效比值研究

本文介绍增效磷与常用农药氰戊菊酯，氧乐果，久效磷以及氰戊菊酯加敌敌畏复剂混用对萝卜蚜，棉蚜，褐稻虱和菜蚜的增效作用和对几种害虫的增效比值研究，室内毒力测定结果表明，增效磷与氰戊菊酯混用对萝卜蚜的共毒系数为１２２．８１；与氧乐果混用对棉蚜的共毒系数为１３３．５６，与久效磷混用对褐稻虱的共毒系数为１３６．９３；与氰戊菊酯加敌敌畏复剂混用对褐稻虱和菜蚜的共毒系数为２３９．７５和２７１．３５。增效磷与氰戊     

BT乳剂防治稻纵卷叶螟试验

BT乳剂是一种微生物农药,单独施用或与化学农药混用防治害虫,可以有效地减少化学农药用量,保护农田生态环境。为了明确BT乳剂及BT乳剂与杀虫双混用防治水稻纵卷叶螟及兼治二化螟效果以及最佳混用比例和经济使用量,我站1991年做了BT乳剂防治稻纵卷     

固特异新增Workhorse混用轮胎产品线

正美国《现代轮胎经销商》(www.moderntiredealer.com)2016年8月8日报道:固特异轮胎橡胶公司将通过推出新Workhorse系列扩大其混用轮胎产品范围。固特异Workhorse系列设计为宽范围混用轮胎产品。固特异市场营销经理Evan Perrow称,作为混用运输车队固特异总体解决方案的一部分,Workhorse产品线包括Workhorse MSA(见图1)和Workhorse MSD(见图2)两个系列。两款轮胎兼具在苛刻条件下作业的卡车所需的很强的公路/越野混用性能。     

关于农药的混用问题

一、农药现场混用的必要性喷洒农药液剂时,往往是在现场将二种以上的药剂混合后使用。这种现场混用技术由来已久,在目前,由于广谱性的老品种已很少,选择性的农药大大增加,发生的病虫害更加复杂。因此,从节约施药劳力考虑,现场混用施药的情况就更普遍了。     

除草复混肥防除稻田杂草试验

对４种水稻除草复混肥防除稻田杂草效果及安全性研究表明,丁·苄复混肥具有高效、对 水稻安全、省工、使用方便等特点,符合一次用药肥,全季有效的化学除草和施肥目标,是稻田一次 性化学除草、施肥的优选配方。     

五种苗后除草剂的活性及对花生安全性测定

室内测定了 5种茎叶处理剂对花生的安全性及对稗草、马唐、反枝苋、马齿苋的活性。结果表明 ,15 %精喹·乙羧对各种杂草的株防效最好 ,其次为 16 %稀禾定·氟稀草酸和 6 %精喹·嗪草酸乳油 ,32 %精喹·广·三氟羧的活性略低。 32 %精喹·广·三氟羧和 16 %稀禾定·氟稀草酸对花生较安全 ,6 %精喹·嗪草酸乳油对花生不安全。     

Drying Behavior of Binary Mixtures of Solids

In this work, a model system zeolite NaY and kaolin (both from Aldrich®), and mixtures (1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1) were studied. True and bulk densities, porosity, and specific surface area were determined for single solids and mixtures. Physical properties of mixtures were calculated from the mixing rule using mass fraction of each solid in the mixture. Calculated and experimental values presented perfect agreement for true density and specific surface area. For bulk density and porosity the mixing rule works well if the volumetric fraction is used, since the mixtures do not follow the mass proportion due to the different particle size distribution. The mixtures present the drying curves between those of the single solids according to their mass proportion. The results show that it is possible to use the mixing rule to evaluate some physical properties as well as the sorption isotherms and drying curves of binary mixtures of solids.     

Rheology of Plastic Molding Mixtures Based on Electromelted Corundum

The rheological and structural-mechanical properties of mixtures based on coarse-grained corundum with additives ensuring the production of porous permeable ceramics are considered. It is established that the joint use of different types of additives stabilizes the molding properties of the mixtures, when their composition and moisture vary, and makes it possible to modify the structural-mechanical type and, consequently, the molding conditions and to preserve the configuration of molded samples.     

Mixtures of soap and a commercial alkyl aryl sulfonate

Summary This middle ground between the soaps and synthetics has not been actively exploited in spite of the intense current interest in the straight products. It has been a no man's land where the manufacturers of synthetic detergents have carefully avoided soap, which they regard as outside of their field, while many manufacturers of soap have been indifferent to the effect of the synthetic detergents. In spite of this general indifference work has been done on both sides of the fence with a continually increasing use of the mixtures. Where mixtures have been ready-made, the soap manufacturers have been largely responsible for their manufacture. Commercial mixtures of soaps and synthetics have been sold where synthetic detergents have been found to improve soap for specific uses. This trend is certain to expand. The present success should encourage further research and development commensurate with the increasing commercial importance of the products. Presented at the annual fall meeting, American Oil Chemists' Society, Oct. 31, Nov. 1–3, 1949, Chicago, Ill.     

Adsorption of Anionic Surfactant Mixtures by Polymeric Resins

Abstract

Results concerning the single-solute adsorption of two anionic surfactants were presented in a previous paper; this paper deals with their mixtures. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms of mixtures of sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in aqueous solution by Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 polymeric resins at 10 and 30°C have been obtained and are compared to the predictions given by several multicomponent adsorption models that make use of the single solute adsorption data already available. Reasonable agreement has been achieved in some cases, especially when predicting total surfactant adsorption.     

Basestock Oils for Lubricants from Mixtures of Corn Oil and Synthetic Diesters

Environmentally friendly vegetable oils and their derivatives represent alternatives to mineral-based lubricants. Vegetable oils have high biodegradability and low production costs. Their poor thermo-oxidative stability and poor low temperature properties are disadvantages in their use as lubricant basestocks. In our study we used corn oil and diester mixtures, which become lubricants when additives are introduced. These mixtures of corn oil and di-2-ethylhexyl-adipate (DOA) and di-2-ethylhexyl-sebacate (DOS) offer a wide range of kinematic viscosities, pour points lower than −39 °C and flash points over 218 °C. The diameters of wear scars measured under four-ball testing (40 daN) are less than 0.90 mm and the copper strip corrosion test result is 1a. The differential scanning calorimetry study and thermogravimetric study under nitrogen atmosphere and in synthetic air are reported. From these studies a higher thermal stability was observed for corn oil than for diester oils. The thermo-oxidative instability occurred at temperatures higher than 350 °C. The low production cost of corn oil and its mixtures with diesters makes them an attractive alternative to mineral oil lubricants.     

液体混合物的粘度方程

本文基于Eyring纯液体粘度理论,并引进局部克分子组成概念,提出一个液体混合物粘度方程 其中 A_(ij)=exp〔-(g_(ij)-g_(ii))/RT〕 该方程被应用于近30个二元体系和5个三元体系的计算,结果表明,它对于二元实测粘度数据的关联和多元粘度～组成关系的预测都是相当有效的。 文中对方程的建立、参数的物理意义和方程的适用性进行了探讨。     

有机物混合液导热系数的估算

通过对液体导热系数与密度关系的分析研究,提出了估算有机物混合液导热系数的计算模型;利用该模型计算了55个体系377个数据点的二元有机物混合液导热系数,计算值与实验值的总平均相对偏差为1.48%,计算值与实验数据吻合很好,计算准确性优于文献方法;本文方法简单方便,只需要混合液各组分的导热系数数据,就可以直接预测各种温度和组成的有机物混合液的导热系数。     

Tribocharging of Three-Component Powder Mixtures

Adhesion of charged toner particles used in electrophotography is dominated by electrostatic forces. In this paper we discuss a model which describes the process by which toner particles acquire their electrostatic charge, tribocharging.

In previous papers, we have presented a model of tribocharging of two-component mixtures of powders based on the assumptions that:

1. The surface of each powder is populated with electron accepting and donating sites;
2. The density of states of the donating and accepting sites can be represented by narrow bands, all of which have the same energy; and
3. Charge is exchanged between donor and acceptor sites until thermodynamic equilibrium is established.

In this paper, we show how to extend this model to multi-component mixtures. The extended model can be used to calculate the charging behavior of three-component mixtures of electrophotographic toners and carriers based on measurements with two component mixtures. Experimentally-measured charging behavior agrees with the model predictions.

These results confirm it is possible to assign charging site densities to individual materials empirically. The site densities can then be used to predict charging behavior of the materials in mixtures which have not been studied experimentally. The success of the model also implies that toner particles migrate freely from carrier particle to carrier particle and that triboelectric interactions take place between toner particles of different compositions in mixtures.