受拉载荷下C/SiC铆接接头应力的数值模拟与实验验证

利用有限元模拟和实验验证研究了拉伸载荷下C/SiC铆接接头的应力分布及几何参数与破坏方式的固有关系.结果表明:接头的锥度变化对接头中的应力分布影响不大,但对应力值的影响较为明显,锥度控制在2°～10°比较合适.模拟计算的铆钉临界半径为2.2016 mm,小于2.2016 mm时,铆钉被拉断,反之,铆钉被拔出.实验得到的临界半径为2.25 mm,与计算结果的误差为2.2％,说明提出的铆接接头几何结构参数与接头破坏形式关系的模型是正确的.     

基于钉杆变形均匀性的锥形半圆头铆钉优化设计研究

目的 针对铆接过程中铆钉钉杆发生镦粗变形,其变形的均匀性影响连接接头力学性能的问题,提出一种钉杆带有锥度的变径铆钉,以改善钉杆变形的均匀性.方法 基于三维有限元仿真方法,对准静态铆接过程进行仿真,获取锥形与常规半圆头铆钉在铆接后钉杆变形情况,同时对比分析板材残余应力变化情况.最后建立由钉杆变形均匀度与铆钉尺寸以及镦头高度组成的灰色系统,并通过对该系统进行关联度计算分析,确定铆钉尺寸及镦头高度对均匀度的影响.结果 锥形铆钉铆接后钉杆均匀性优于常规铆钉.使用不同铆钉进行铆接,板材残余应力有着相同变化趋势.铆钉尺寸、镦头高度对钉杆变形均匀度的关联度计算结果分别为0.608和0.596,铆钉尺寸变化对均匀度的影响大于镦头高度变化.结论 锥形铆钉对钉杆变形均匀性的改善有良好效果.     

磁阻型电磁铆接工艺研究

目的 为了掌握磁阻型电磁铆接新技术,研究工艺参数对铆接驱动力的影响规律.方法 通过改变放电电压、线圈导线截面尺寸和弹丸尺寸等参数进行磁阻型电磁铆接试验研究,分析各参数对直径为8 mm的2A10铆钉镦头变形的影响,与感应式电磁铆接的成形铆钉进行对比.结果 随着放电电压的升高,铆钉镦头变形量增加;相同放电能量下,导线截面尺寸为2 mm×3 mm的线圈铆钉变形量小于3 mm×4 mm的线圈,弹丸直径为33 mm的铆钉变形量要大于弹丸直径为28 mm铆钉的变形量.相同放电能量下,外径70 mm螺线管线圈铆钉的变形量大于外径为120 mm平板线圈铆钉的变形量.结论 线圈和弹丸的相关参数是影响磁阻型电磁铆接吸引力的重要参数.与感应式电磁铆接相比,磁阻型电磁铆接能量利用率更高,其线圈外径更小,为电磁铆枪小型化提供了一种新方式.     

自冲铆接头疲劳性能影响因素研究进展

由于近年来车身轻量化的需求,全铝车身结构及混合材料车身结构是车身设计制造的发展趋势,其结构连接问题也面临巨大的挑战。自冲铆接作为一种冷成型技术,通过铆钉和板料形成机械内锁结构进行板材连接,可以用来连接两层和多层金属及非金属板材。相对于传统连接技术,自冲铆接具有无需预先打孔、连接过程环境友好、可以连接异质板材及非金属板材等优点,同时所得到的接头具有较好的密封性及力学性能。自冲铆接作为轻量化结构的一种新型连接手段,近年来因具有独特的优势得到迅速发展。疲劳性能是接头工程应用的关键性能指标,自冲铆接头的疲劳性能研究主要针对铝合金及高强钢等车身材料展开,近年来研究者们对钛合金和纤维增强复合材料等新型材料自冲铆接头的疲劳性能进行了相关探索性研究。影响自冲铆接头疲劳性能的因素众多,提高自冲铆接头疲劳性能的方法及探究接头的疲劳失效机理一直是研究者们所关注的热点。影响自冲铆接头疲劳性能的因素主要包括铆接工艺、基板参数、铆钉分布形式、接头搭接形式、疲劳加载参数、试验温度和添加粘接剂等,其中大量研究主要针对铆接工艺、基板参数和铆钉分布形式展开。研究表明,采用高强度的板材作下板、增加板厚及使用硬度较高的圆头铆钉进行连接能够提高单搭自冲铆接头的疲劳性能;铆钉个数的增加可以显著提高接头的疲劳性能,采用不同铆钉分布形式及铆钉边距影响接头的疲劳性能。自冲铆接头存在残余应力,同时微动磨损是导致机械连接疲劳失效的主要原因,通过去应力退火可以提高接头在高疲劳载荷下的疲劳寿命,对基板添加润滑剂镀层也可以改善接头的疲劳性能。此外,粘铆复合接头目前在车身连接中得到广泛应用,粘接剂可以减弱接头的应力集中,从而改善其疲劳性能。疲劳试验耗时较多,试验成本较高。研究自冲铆接头疲劳性能的影响因素可以为后续研究及其工程应用提供相关参考。本文归纳了自冲铆接头疲劳性能影响因素的研究进展并总结了改善接头疲劳性能的方法,同时对自冲铆接的研究方向进行分析和展望。     

局部热处理对钢-钛自冲铆接头力学性能的影响

对钢-钛自冲铆接头进行局部热处理,并对已热处理和未热处理的接头进行拉剪实验,对比分析局部热处理对钢-钛自冲铆接头的静强度、能量吸收、失效模式和失效机理的影响。结果表明:淬火对钢-钛自冲铆接头的静强度有很大提高作用,对其能量吸收有减小作用;未淬火的钢-钛自冲铆接头失效模式为上板与铆钉分离且上板被撕裂,上板的断口形貌为典型韧性断裂特征;淬火后的钢-钛自冲铆接头失效模式为上板与铆钉分离且铆钉被拉断,铆钉的断口形貌为典型的沿晶断裂特征。     

铆钉分布形式对自冲铆接头力学性能的影响

该文采用Landmark试验机对5052铝合金自冲铆接头进行力学性能测试来研究铆钉分布形式对自冲铆接头力学性能的影响。获得了单铆钉自冲铆(简称SR)接头、横向分布双铆钉自冲铆(DRT)接头和纵向分布双铆钉自冲铆(DRL)接头的静力学和疲劳性能,采用正态分布和威布尔分布对试验数据进行分析检验其有效性。结果表明:DRT接头静强度约为SR接头的2倍;DRL接头静强度约为SR接头的1.9倍。DRL接头比DRT接头具有更好的能量吸收能力。双铆钉自冲铆接头的疲劳性能优于SR接头。铆钉分布形式对接头疲劳变形量影响较小,但是对寿命影响较大。当疲劳载荷较高时,DRL接头可提高疲劳寿命。随着疲劳载荷降低,DRT接头可显著增加疲劳寿命。     

自冲铆接接头拉剪强度的数值模拟研究

针对自冲铆接接头拉剪强度的数值模拟方法进行研究.对0.7mm低碳钢+0.7mm低碳钢同种材料自冲铆接接头,0.7mm低碳钢+2mm铝合金的异种材料自冲铆接接头的剪切拉伸过程建立有限元模型,并对其剪切拉伸过程及铆钉与板材的受力变形情况和破坏失效模式进行了模拟和分析.从数值模拟结果可以看出,钢-钢同种材料与钢-铝异种材料自...     

铝合金自冲铆接微动行为研究

选择两组不同厚度铝合金板制成SA15和SA25自冲铆接头并进行疲劳实验,用威布尔分布验证实验数据有效性,用疲劳三参数经验公式拟合接头S-N曲线并对比分析接头疲劳性能,用扫描电子显微镜研究接头微动行为以探索疲劳失效与微动磨损的关系。实验数据服从威布尔分布,表明数据可靠。三参数经验公式较好地拟合接头S-N曲线,SA25接头疲劳性能优于SA15接头,且在中低疲劳寿命区域SA25接头疲劳性能的优越性更为突出。SA15接头失效于上板靠铆钉头,而SA25接头失效于下板沿纽扣。SA15接头在铆接区两板间微动磨损较严重,SA25接头在下板与铆钉腿部微动磨损较严重。疲劳失效部位与微动磨损剧烈部位重合,表明微动磨损是导致接头疲劳失效的重要因素之一。     

碳纤维-铝合金电磁铆接工艺及性能研究

目的 研究不同工艺参数下碳纤维-铝合金电磁铆接接头的力学性能.方法 利用电磁铆接技术对直径为Ф5 mm的2A10铝合金铆钉、厚度为2.0 mm的T300碳纤维复合材料和1.8 mm的5182铝合金板料进行铆接,借助金相显微镜和万能试验机对接头的微观形貌和力学性能进行观察和测试.结果 随着电磁铆接放电能量的增加,铆钉镦头高度逐渐减小,直径逐渐增大.具体地,当放电能量从4.0 kJ增加至5.5 kJ时,H/H0(镦头高度/外伸量)从0.36减小至0.17,而D/D0(镦头直径/铆钉直径)从1.25增长到1.68.通过金相观察结果可知,D/D0=1.4,1.5,1.6这3种类型的铆钉镦头均产生了绝热剪切带,其中下剪切带几乎消失,上剪切带较为明显,并且随着D/D0的增大,绝热剪切带越来越明显.力学性能测试结果表明,随着D/D0增加,碳纤维-铝合金电磁铆接接头的剪切性能随之变强,其中D/D0=1.6接头的最大剪切力达到最大.结论 在不同性能指标下,电磁铆接接头的最佳工艺参数有所不同.当考虑接头的微观组织等性能指标时,放电能量5.0 kJ(D/D0=1.5)为最佳工艺参数;当考虑接头的剪切性能等因素时,放电能量5.3 kJ(D/D0=1.6)为最佳工艺参数.     

铆钉布置对搭接接头强度的影响及优化设计EI北大核心CSCD

针对铆钉布置对铆接搭接接头强度的影响问题,通过有限元方法研究了铆接搭接接头的失效模式及失效机理,以峰值荷载为指标研究了铆钉数量、铆钉行数、铆钉布置、铆钉行距对搭接强度的影响,以线荷载集度为指标,研究了铆钉间距与铆钉边距对搭接强度的影响,并建立力学模型研究多排铆钉的受力情况,基于响应面法对铆钉布置进行优化。结果表明:当采用多行铆钉布置时,外侧铆钉数较多的一行由于应力集中程度高会首先发生断裂,铆钉布置应采用中间多两边少的布置方式;当铆钉总强度大于板材剩余强度时,铆钉数量和铆钉行数对搭接强度的影响有限,其主要影响搭接构件的破坏形式。响应面优化结果表明:当边距=3.4 d、铆距=5.3d、行距=3.4d时搭接强度最高。研究成果对飞机铆接结构的强度提高具有重要意义。     

An Equation for Stress Concentration Factor in Countersunk Holes

A detailed three-dimensional finite element stress analysis was conducted on straight-shank and countersunk rivet holes in a plate subjected to tension loading. The study included a wide range of plate width to radius, thickness to radius, countersunk depth to thickness ratios and countersunk angles(θ_c). The stress concentration is maximum at or near the countersunk edge. The stress concentration depends on countersunk depth, plate thickness and width and it is nearly independent of the countersunk angle for 80° ≤ θ_c ≤ 120°. Using the finite element results and limiting conditions, an equation for stress concentration factor is developed and verified.     

ELEVATED TEMPERATURE FRACTURE OF PARTICULATE-REINFORCED ALUMINUM PART I: FRACTURE TOUGHNESS

Abstract—The plane-strain initiation and growth fracture toughnesses of powder-metallurgy-processed, SiC particulate-reinforced 2009 plate were measured at temperatures from 25°C to 316°C. Initiation toughness from electrical potential monitoring ( K _JICi) is 18 MPa°m at 25°C, and is nearly constant to 220°C before decreasing sharply to 6 MPa°m at 316°C. Growth toughness, given by the tearing modulus ( T _R), is less than 3 from 25°C to 125°C, and increases dramatically above 200°C. The magnitude and temperature dependence of initiation toughness depend on detection of the critical fracture event. Standard measures of toughness K _IC and K _JIC exceed K _JICi and increase to a plateau with increasing temperature. The fracture mode for the composite is microvoid nucleation, growth and coalescence at all temperatures. Void nucleation is associated with SiC; such particles both crack and create stress and plastic strain concentrations that rupture the interface or adjacent matrix, particularly at corners. Matrix plasticity and cavitation increase with increasing temperature. Void growth is regular at all temperatures, but limited by adjacent SiC particles. Both K _JICi and T _R are governed by the temperature-dependent crack-tip plastic stress and strain fields, and the intrinsic damage resistance of the composite microstructure.     

刚性卵形头弹撞击角度对编织复合材料层合板侵彻特性的影响

利用一级气炮发射卵形头弹撞击2 mm厚度的编织复合材料层合板,撞击角度分别为0°、30°和45°,通过高速相机记录弹靶撞击过程,并获得弹体速度数据。基于拟合公式处理试验数据,计算获取弹道极限,分析撞击角度对弹道极限、靶板能量吸收率及其失效模式的影响规律及机制。结果表明：弹体撞击角度为45°时,靶板弹道极限最高,其次为0°,撞击角度为30°时最小。随着冲击角度增加,层合板损伤形状从菱形逐渐转变为椭球形,损伤面积随冲击速度增加而增大,且45°冲击时层合板损伤面积最大,0°和30°冲击时损伤面积近似相等。弹体初始撞击角度对靶体失效模式存在影响,弹体撞击角度为0°时,纤维断口主要是剪切应力导致的横截面。撞击角度为30°时,纤维断口主要是剪切应力和拉伸应力导致的斜截面。45°斜撞击时,纤维断口主要是拉伸应力导致的横截面。     

Effects of notch geometry on the local cleavage fracture stress σf

An elastic–plastic finite element method (FEM) is used to analyse the stress and strain distributions ahead of notches with various depths and flank angles in four-point bending (4PB) specimens of a C–Mn steel. By accurately measuring the distances of the cleavage initiation sites from the notch roots, the local cleavage fracture stress σ _f is measured. By increasing the notch depth and notch flank angle from 2.25 to 8.25 mm and 10 to 90°, respectively, the distributions of high stress and strain at the moment of fracture show considerable variations. However, the value of σ _f stays relatively constant. The critical fracture event is thus shown to be identical, i.e. the propagation of a ferrite grain-sized crack into the neighbouring matrix. It is concluded that σ _f is mainly determined by the length of the critical microcrack, while the notch geometry and its associated stress volume have little effect on the value of σ _f . The cleavage site ahead of a notch is determined by the stress distributions and the positions of the weakest grains.     

锥角参数对单向聚能药柱爆破破岩效果的影响

为研究聚能穴锥角参数对爆炸应力和岩石损伤破裂范围的影响,以获得最优的聚能穴参数,从而达到最佳的破岩效果,利用有限元模拟软件LS DYNA建立了6种锥角参数下的单向聚能药柱模型。锥角的深度为15 mm,6种锥角高度分别为10、12、14、16、18 mm和20 mm。研究了岩石裂纹扩展的影响规律,测得聚能方向与非聚能方向上不同位置的有效应力,得到不同锥角参数对应的岩石单元的最大破坏距离。结果表明:聚能锥角会对爆破产生定向作用,特别是对岩石破碎和拉伸裂纹所带来的破岩效果影响明显;当锥角高度为10 mm时,距炮孔25 cm测点处聚能方向上的有效应力比非聚能方向同样距离处高110.8 MPa,同时,聚能方向上单元损伤比要比非聚能方向高21%,聚能效果最佳;随着锥角高度逐渐增大,聚能方向上岩石裂纹逐渐减少,裂纹分叉减少,单元破坏最大距离可达108.1 cm,并且呈下降趋势。     

The characteristics of an inclined crack in anisotropic paperboard under biaxial loading

In this paper, a fracture mechanics method was applied for the evaluation of crack behaviour in anisotropic paperboard subjected to biaxial uniform loading. The experiment was performed to determine the crack propagation angle and the fracture strength of paperboard under biaxial loading with the cruciform specimen optimized by FEM simulation. The effects of biaxial loads on the critical stress ratio and crack propagation angle for various inclination angles were investigated. The experimental results were compared with theoretical results, which were calculated by using the Normal Stress Ratio Criteria. The experimental results for crack propagation angle and critical stress show good agreement with theoretical results.     

Maximum Average Tangential Stress Criterion for Prediction of the Crack Path

The concept of the average stress has been employed to propose the maximum average tangential stress (MATS) criterion for predicting the direction of fracture angle. This criterion states that a crack grows when the maximum average tangential stress in the fracture process zone ahead of the crack tip reaches its critical value and the crack growth direction coincides with the direction of the maximum average tangential stress along a constant radius around the crack tip. The tangential stress is described by the singular and non-singular (T-stress) terms in the Williams series solution. The predicted directions of fracture angle are consistent with the experimental data for the mixed mode I/II crack growth behavior of Guiting limestone.     

Failure Modeling of SiC/SiC Mini-Composites in Air Oxidizing Environments

An iterative method was presented for simulation of the failure process of SiC/SiC mini-composites with pyrolytic carbon interphase exposed to air oxidizing environments under a constant load at 900 °C. This method was based on the possibility fracture strength of SiC fibers caused by random defects and the fiber stress distribution in mini-composites. The fiber strength probability model and Monte Carlo simulation were combined to generate the fracture strength along SiC fibers at 900 °C. The influence of fiber arrangement on fiber stress distribution was assessed to simplify the geometry model which was used to calculate the fiber stress distribution in the mini-composites. The failure process of the mini-composites was simulated, and the calculated oxidation life of the mini-composites matches the experimental data well with an error of ?9.40%.     

Design,Fabrication, Characterization and Simulation of PIP-SiC/SiC Composites

Continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC/SiC) have been studied and developed for high temperature and fusion applications. Polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) is a conventional technique for fabricating SiC/SiC composites. In this research, KD-1 SiC fibers were employed as reinforcements, a series of coatings such as pyrocarbon (PyC), SiC and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized as interphases, PCS and LPVCS were used as precursors and SiC/SiC composites were prepared via the PIP method. The mechanical properties of the SiC/SiC composites were characterized. Relationship between the interphase shear strength and the fracture toughness of the composites was established. X-ray tomographic scans of the SiC/SiC composites were performed and the closed porosities of the composites were calculated. The compatibility of the SiC/SiC composites with liquid LiPb at 800 °C and 1000 °C was investigated. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography was applied to the SiC/SiC composite and digital volume correlation was employed for Hertzian indentation testing of the SiC/SiC composite. A Cellular Automata integrated with Finite Elements (CAFE) method was developed to account for the effect of microstructure on the fracture behavior of the SiC/SiC composite.     

基于两种破裂判据的裂隙岩体单轴压缩起裂分析

该文引入Rankine最大拉应力准则和Mohr-coulomb剪切破坏准则分别作为岩石基质的拉伸和压剪破裂判据,分析了单轴压缩下裂隙岩体的起裂机制。根据含单个椭圆裂隙的无限域岩体在单轴压缩下的应力理论解,编制了Matlab程序,计算分析了不同短轴与长轴比k和倾角α(加载轴与裂隙长轴间的夹角)下的岩石基质应力集中系数、两种不同起裂机制的破裂函数值、开裂位置和开裂临界荷载。对多裂隙岩体,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了应力计算和起裂机制分析。计算结果表明:1)与单裂隙岩体相比,多裂隙岩体的岩石基质应力集中系数略大、起裂临界荷载略小,但起裂位置相同;2)随着裂隙倾角α的增大,岩石基质的主拉应力集中区由裂隙端部附近很小的区域逐渐变为裂隙中部的大面积区域,而主压应力集中区则反之;3)存在临界裂隙倾角α0,其值在45°附近。当裂隙倾角0<α≤α0时,在裂隙端部同时有拉应力和压剪应力集中,拉破裂临界荷载小于压剪破裂临界荷载,但随着裂隙轴比的增大二者逐渐相等,表明岩体受拉破裂和压剪破裂共同影响越来越明显;当α0<α≤90°时,尽管拉破裂临界荷载大于压剪破裂临界荷载,但首先发生在裂隙端部的压剪破裂区范围很小,而随后将在裂隙中部或端部发生大量的拉伸破裂。上述分析结果与实验现象较为吻合。