面外载荷下含孔复合材料点阵夹层结构弯曲强度数值计算方法

通过实验手段和有限元方法针对含孔碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,CFRP)点阵夹层结构在面外载荷作用下的失效模式及其影响因素进行了研究。首先通过实验获得了含孔CFRP点阵夹层结构的失效模式,其次建立了其有限元渐进损伤失效分析模型,基于该模型对开孔形状、开孔率及开孔位置对结构弯曲强度的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,当面板较厚时,含孔CFRP点阵夹层结构的主要失效模式为节点脱粘和面板皱曲;有限元计算结果和实验结果吻合较好,极限承载力的误差约为9.1%;当开孔率φ1.3%时,CFRP点阵夹层结构的弯曲承载能力与开孔形状基本无关;当开孔率1.3%≤φ8.5%时,含圆形孔夹层结构的弯曲承载能力较大;当开孔率φ8.5%时,含方孔夹层结构的弯曲承载能力较大;当开孔位于点阵夹层结构的几何中心或边缘时,对弯曲承载能力影响较大。     

复合材料层板开孔压缩损伤分析

针对纤维增强复合材料层板开孔压缩, 将复合材料层板的失效分为层内失效和层间失效, 建立了复合材料层板开孔压缩损伤分析模型。该模型基于逐渐损伤分析, 对不同复合材料开孔层板进行了失效预测, 并与文献中试验结果进行了对比, 破坏强度和失效模式均与文献试验结果非常吻合。结果表明, 本文中所建立的层板开孔压缩损伤分析模型能够模拟含孔层合板压缩过程中的损伤起始、损伤扩展和最终破坏, 并最终预测含孔层合板压缩失效模式和破坏强度。     

芯体截面梯度变化的点阵夹层结构吸能特性研究

应用有限元分析方法,对芯杆直径沿点阵夹层结构厚度方向梯度变化的点阵夹层结构平压性能进行了分析,并将计算结果与传统点阵夹层结构进行了对比。结果表明:通过比较极限承载力计算模型和有限元分析结果其最大误差为8.9%,芯体截面梯度变化的点阵夹层结构极限承载力小于传统点阵夹层结构。芯体截面梯度变化的点阵夹层结构面比吸能和圧溃载荷率要优于传统点阵夹层结构,且当梯度化系数为0.05时,芯体截面梯度变化的点阵夹层结构面比吸能和圧溃载荷率达到最大值。     

三维六向编织复合材料力学性能的实验研究

通过拉伸 ( 含开孔拉伸 ) 、压缩 ( 含开孔压缩 ) 、面内剪切及冲击后压缩实验,获得了三维六向编织复合材料的主要力学性能参数。基于宏观实验,探讨了材料在拉伸、压缩及剪切载荷作用下的破坏模式和失效机理,分析了开孔类型 ( 机械孔、编织孔 ) 对材料拉、压性能的影响并研究了冲击对材料压缩性能的影响。所获结果为进一步研究三维六向编织复合材料的刚度、强度预报奠定了基础。     

复合材料层板开孔拉伸损伤分析

针对纤维增强复合材料层板开孔拉伸, 将复合材料层板的失效分为层内失效和层间失效, 建立了复合材料层板开孔拉伸损伤分析模型。该模型基于逐渐损伤分析, 对不同复合材料开孔层板进行了失效预测, 并与文献试验结果进行了对比, 破坏强度和失效模式均与文献试验结果非常吻合。结果表明本文中所建立的层板开孔拉伸损伤分析模型能够模拟含孔层合板拉伸过程中的损伤起始、 损伤扩展和最终破坏模式, 并最终预测含孔层合板拉伸失效模式和破坏强度。      

基于应变不变量失效理论的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层合板开孔结构压缩损伤模拟

应变不变量失效理论(SIFT)是一种新型的基于物理失效模式的复合材料强度理论,被广泛应用于复合材料结构失效分析。首先,为了提高理论分析的精度,SIFT被扩展用于分析碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层合板开孔结构的静载压缩逐步失效机制和强度。开发的SIFT实施方法包括材料强度表征和结构强度预测两个部分。结构强度预测是基于ABAQUS平台并使用Fortran语言编写用户自定义材料子程序(UMAT)实现的。随后,将SIFT预测值与经典复合材料强度理论Tsai-Wu和Hashin理论的预测结果和试验结果进行了对比,结果显示SIFT预测的精度最高。同时,基于SIFT对静载压缩下的AS4/3501-6层合板开孔结构从初始失效到最终失效的失效机制演变进行了详细的分析。最后,将SIFT预测的AS4/3501-6层合板开孔结构静载压缩的失效机制与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明SIFT预测的逐步失效机制与试验结果相吻合,所得结论为CFRP结构强度的预测提供了新思路。     

高速冲击载荷作用下钎焊蜂窝夹层板动态响应

目的 以钎焊高温合金蜂窝夹层板为研究对象,分析其在弹丸高速冲击作用下的力学性能。方法 采用轻气炮冲击加载试验结合有限元模拟,对蜂窝夹层板开展不同冲击强度下的动态响应和失效研究。开展含高速冲击损伤的蜂窝夹层板侧压试验,研究损伤模式对剩余强度的影响。结果 冲击强度对夹层板的失效过程和失效模式有着明显的影响,当冲击条件不足以使得迎弹面发生侵彻时,夹层板失效为表面压痕损伤;随着冲击强度的提高,出现不同程度的局部芯层压缩;当冲击强度大于临界值时,迎/背弹面陆续被侵彻,夹层板出现侵入损伤及贯穿损伤。结论 高速冲击损伤使得蜂窝夹层板的侧压失效模式,由理想塑性屈曲转变为局部失稳,侧压极限载荷大幅降低。     

温度对缝合气凝胶夹芯复合材料面内压缩性能的影响

分别开展缝合气凝胶夹芯复合材料在不同温度下的面内压缩试验,研究材料在室温、300℃、600℃和800℃下的面内压缩力学性能,并采用微焦点工业CT扫描的方法对试样内部结构进行分析,结合有限元分析方法,探究其结构破坏机制。结果表明:在面内压缩载荷作用下,材料存在极限载荷,面板的局部屈曲、芯层的剪切破坏以及缝线柱的断裂是材料破坏的主要方式。随着温度的升高,材料的面内压缩模量和极限载荷也逐渐升高,面板破坏处的断口逐渐呈现出类似脆性的断裂。300℃、600℃和800℃下材料的面内压缩模量分别为室温的1.05倍、1.57倍和1.65倍;极限载荷分别为室温的1.14倍、1.46倍和1.67倍。室温下有限元分析结果和试验结果的对比,验证了缝合气凝胶夹芯复合材料面内压缩破坏模式的合理性。     

湿热环境下开孔复合材料层合板的强度

通过试验研究T300/5405复合材料层合板在6种湿热环境下开孔拉伸、开孔压缩的极限强度,分析了湿热环境对开孔复合材料层合板强度性能的影响,对比了不同湿热环境下材料的破坏模式。在有限元仿真方面,通过考虑湿热环境对材料刚度和强度的影响,建立了湿热条件下复合材料开孔层合板极限强度的预测方法,模拟了开孔复合材料层合板在不同湿热环境、不同载荷类型下的损伤演化全过程。有限元预测结果与试验结果的误差在20%以内,验证了该预测方法的有效性。     

复合材料层合板连接件力学性能影响因素分析

在位移载荷作用下,基于二维有限元模型,通过编写材料失效准则和刚度退化规则的ABAQUS用户子程序USFLD,并考虑剪切非线性效应,分析了一般铺层下配合间隙、挤压面切向摩擦系数和开孔形状对复合材料层合板单钉螺栓连接力学性能的影响。结果表明:小的配合间隙、大的挤压面切向摩擦系数和开孔形状采用圆孔时均有利于提高连接强度。     

多级三角形格栅夹芯板力学分析

为了提高点阵复合材料结构的轻质高强力学特征,尤其提高其抗屈曲性能,设计了一种新型的多级三角形格栅夹芯板结构。根据等效连续介质力学方法提出了多级三角形格栅夹芯板的等效计算理论,预测了拉伸主导型多级三角形格栅夹芯板结构的等效弹性模量以及等效抗弯刚度。分析了侧压条件下多级三角形格栅夹芯板的弹性屈曲载荷和强度破坏模式。在理论模型的基础上绘制了侧压条件下多级三角形格栅夹芯板结构的失效模式图,指出了结构破坏模式与多级三角形格栅夹芯板尺寸之间的对应关系。研究表明:具有工字型截面的多级三角形格栅夹芯板结构相比于传统矩形截面格栅结构具有更高的抗弯刚度和弹性屈曲载荷,是一种性能更加优越的轻质高强点阵结构。      

分层对复合材料机械连接结构承载能力的影响

针对含孔边分层复合材料沉头螺栓连接结构,通过挤压试验及有限元仿真,研究了孔边分层对复合材料连接结构力学性能的影响。通过连接孔的挤压试验,得到了不同类型试验件的承载能力与破坏模式。有限元仿真中,基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了复合材料机械连接的三维有限元模型,进行复合材料渐进失效损伤模拟,并采用内聚力单元来模拟预制分层。有限元计算得到载荷-位移曲线和变形模式与试验吻合较好,从而验证了有限元模型的有效性。在此基础上,分析了含孔边分层的复合材料机械连接结构的破坏机制,并研究了分层位置、分层面积大小和分层形状对该结构承载能力的影响。研究表明：复合材料的破坏始于沉头孔中的直孔区域,且当预制分层位于直孔区域时,结构的承载能力最低;分层形状为圆形和正方形时,会严重影响结构的承载能力,分层形状为椭圆形时,对承载能力影响较低。无论分层形状如何变化,分层总是从受挤压的一侧开始,以半圆弧的形状向受挤压方向进行扩展。     

Mechanical behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite sandwich panels with 2-D lattice truss cores

Composite sandwich structures with lattice truss cores are attracting more and more attention due to their superior specific strength/stiffness and multi-functional applications. In the present study, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sandwich panels with 2-D lattice truss core are manufactured based on the hot-pressing method using unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepregs. The facesheets are interconnected with lattice truss members by means of that both ends of the lattice truss members are embedded into the facesheets, without the bonding procedure commonly adopted by sandwich panels. The mechanical properties of the 2-D lattice truss sandwich panels are investigated under out-of-plane compression, shear and three-point bending tests. Delamination of the facesheets is observed in shear and bending tests while node failure mode does not occur. The tests demonstrate that delamination of the facesheet is the primary failure mode of this sandwich structure other than the debonding between the facesheets and core for conventional sandwiches.     

Manufacturing and testing of a CFRC sandwich cylinder with Kagome cores

Filament winding and twice co-curing processes were proposed to make a carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFRC) sandwich cylinder with Kagome cores. Axial compression was carried out to reveal the stiffness and load capacity of the fabricated sandwich cylinder. Compared with the stiffened cylinder with similar dimensions and mass, the sandwich cylinder is shown to be stiffer and stronger by several times. Restrained by the double skins, the buckling of lattice ribs is effectively suppressed, leading to the elimination of the dominant failure mode. Skin crippling and strength failure were observed in the testing to be the competing failure mechanisms of the lattice sandwich cylinder. The prediction based on the weakest link of these mechanisms only overestimates the testing load capacity by 30%. The novel sandwich structure shows the promise of lattice composites in upgrading the mechanical properties.     

Fatigue behavior of laminated composites with a circular hole under in-plane multiaxial loading

A modified fiber failure fatigue model is presented for characterizing the behavior of laminated composites with a central circular hole under in-plane multiaxial fatigue loading. The analytical model presented is based on minimum strength model and fiber failure criterion under static loading available in the literature. The analysis starts with the determination of location of a characteristic curve around the hole and the stress state along the characteristic curve under in-plane multiaxial fatigue loading. Number of cycles to failure and location of failure are determined under given fatigue loading condition. Based on ply-by-ply analysis, ultimate fatigue failure and the corresponding number of cycles are determined. Analytical predictions are compared with the experimental results for uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue loading cases. A good match is observed. Further, studies are carried out for different in-plane biaxial tension–tension and biaxial compression–compression loading cases.     

Designing and compression behaviors of ductile hierarchical pyramidal lattice composites

To improve the ductility of lightweight cellular material, hierarchical pyramidal lattice truss composites were designed and manufactured. Rib of the hierarchical pyramidal lattice truss composite is made of glass fiber reinforced woven textile sandwich structure and designed weft-loaded. Flat-wise compression experiments were carried out to explore the strength and deformation mode of the hierarchical pyramidal lattice truss composite. Progressive crushing of the sandwich rib enables the hierarchical lattice composite to have a long stable deformation plateau. Stress of the deformation plateau of the hierarchical lattice composite is rather close to its strength, indicating that the hierarchical lattice composite would have excellent specific energy absorption, even better than aluminum lattice structures. The experiments reveal that the hierarchical structure makes the fiber reinforced lattice composite much more ductile and weight efficient in energy absorption.     

The compression strength of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastic

A simple compression test, suitable for quality control measurements on unidirectional carbon fibre composite, is described. The specimen, a plane bar, with aluminium end tabs attached, is compressed by applying shear forces over the ends. With either type 1 or type 2 treated fibre the failure mode is one of shear over a plane at approximately 45° to the fibre axis. With untreated type 1 material failure is due to delamination. The variation of the compression strength of treated material with fibre volume loading is linear, the values being considerably below those predicted by buckling theory. Increasing void content causes a steady decrease in compression strength, and off-axis strength values are above those given by the maximum work criterion. The present work supports the recently proposed view that the compression strength of unidirectional carbon fibre composites at room temperature is not governed by fibre buckling but is related to the ultimate strength of the fibre.     

复合材料夹芯梁屈曲破坏模式及极限承载

为研究复合材料夹芯梁在轴压作用下的屈曲、后屈曲特性及承载能力,进行了试验研究与有限元仿真。首先,开展了系列复合材料夹芯梁屈曲特性试验,研究了铺层比例、梁长度、表层厚度及芯层厚度等因素对其屈曲、后屈曲破坏模式及极限承载的影响;然后,基于非线性屈曲理论,采用三维内聚力界面单元模拟面芯脱粘,并引入初始预变形及材料损伤准则对复合材料夹芯梁在轴压下的屈曲特性及极限承载进行仿真研究。结果显示:界面脱粘是屈曲破坏的重要模式;仿真计算的极限承载与试验结果相比,误差控制在10%以内。所得结论表明该方法可有效预报复合材料夹芯梁的后屈曲路径、破坏模式及极限承载。