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人口的增长和城市区域的逐渐扩大,导致城市夏季室外热环境逐渐变差。天津原九国租界多为天津的重要旅游景点,每年客流量大,其夏季热环境问题不容忽视。主要目的是探讨天津5个不同典型的原租界街区的热环境差异及其设计因子与夏季室外热舒适之间的关系。通过实地测量的方式,搜集5个原租界街区的热环境相关参数,并计算生理等效温度(PET)以对街区热舒适环境进行评价。通过分析发现,相比于气象站,植被覆盖率大的原英国租界街区的平均PET增值最小,仅1.20 ℃;植物覆盖率小的原奥匈帝国租界街区的平均PET增值最大,为8.50 ℃。此外,本研究从街区设计的规划指标、空间形态和细节设计三方面,量化分析设计因子与PET的关系。结果表明,绿化率、街道百分比、天空视域因子(SVF)和街巷高宽比会对PET产生不同程度的影响,同时街道朝向、植物种类及其形状、建筑遮阳构建和喷泉等因素也会影响原租界街区的夏季室外热环境。 相似文献
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文章采用微气候模拟软件ENVI-met,以郑州市德化街为研究对象建立商业街道模型,实测和模拟相结合,量化分析了夏季商业街微气候特征。研究表明:(1)增加建筑高度和植物覆盖率,均可降低空气温度,同一时间各测点最大温差达到1.14℃,同时也改善了商业街空间微气候和室外人体热舒适,各测点之间最大PET温差达到了12.7℃。(2)植物由于蒸腾作用可显著增加街道空间相对湿度,同一时间各测点最大相对湿度差达到6.4%。(3)较高街道高宽比可提升风速,各测点全天平均风速最大相差1.10m/s。由此可得,较高的街道建筑和植物覆盖率对街道微气候和室外人体热舒适影响显著。 相似文献
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营造舒适的生态宜居环境是超高层建筑普遍面临的最大挑战之一.为解决此难题,作为中国第一高楼的上海中心大厦引入可持续绿色垂直城市理念,采用"建筑、区域、城市"协同气候环境设计,通过室外宜居环境营建、室内宜居环境营建和建筑整体舒适度提升手段,最终实现大厦室内外环境品质的全面提升. 相似文献
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The quality of outdoor space is becoming increasingly important with the growing rate of urbanization. Visual, acoustic, and thermal balance degradation are all negative impacts associated with outdoor comfort in dense urban fabrics. Urban morphology thus needs assessment and optimization to ensure favorable outdoor thermal comfort (OTC). This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance of streets in residential zones of Liverpool, NSW, Australia, and tries to improve their comfort index (Physiological Equivalent Temperature) to reveal optimum urban configurations. This evaluation is done by investigating the following urban design factors affecting OTC using computational simulation techniques: street orientation, aspect ratio, building typology, and surface coverage. Our findings reveal that street canyon orientation is the most influential factor (46.42%), followed by aspect ratio (30.59%). Among the influential meteorological parameters (air temperature, wind speed, humidity and solar radiation), wind velocity had the most significant impact on the thermal comfort of the outdoor spaces in this coastal region, which typically experiences intense airflow. The results of our analysis can be utilized by multiple stakeholders, allowing them to understand and extract the most vital design factors which contextually influence the thermal comfort of outdoor spaces. Outdoor thermal comfort has a direct effect on the health and wellbeing of occupants of outdoor spaces. 相似文献
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With rapid urbanization, big cities in the south of China are progressively falling short of sustaining outdoor thermal comfort. In this paper, a thermal comfort and energy evaluation model is derived from revisions of previous study, to simulate and predict the interaction of coupled urban building-site climate and then the thermal comfort. The methodology of principal calculations is demonstrated first, then a hypothetical district of office buildings in Shanghai is selected. Dynamic on-site climate parameters, anthropogenic heat and indoor/outdoor SET* values, etc., are simulated and evaluated. The results show the variation of outdoor SET* values influenced by factors including canopy height, building coverage and air-conditioning set-point temperature. 相似文献
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国家和地方政府在推进碳中和目标落地的同时将绿色建筑的发展作为主要工作方向。然而,因为绿色建筑成本较高,其推广和发展相对缓慢。为了有效降低绿色建筑建造成本, 提出了一种动态的成本分析方法,即采用系统动力学模型,结合情景模拟分析,挖掘绿色建筑建造成本的关键影响因素。结果表明:室内外环境设计、节能设计、节材设计在情景模拟下率先促使建造成本水平值达到 100,确定其为关键因素。当逐渐加大节材设计的投入时,建安费用会出现负值,进而促使建造成本会出现下降趋势。 该模型能全面反映绿色建筑建造成本系统的整个动态情况,为投资方做出精确决策提供一定参考。 相似文献
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通过对典型漂族老人聚集城市——上海市的社区公园环境特征、漂族老人户外健康行为活动进行调查,从漂族老人健康行为特征出发,揭示出生理健康行为活动、心理健康行为活动、社交健康行为活动3种户外健康行为活动类型。基于漂族老人在户外活动过程中的环境需求,提出活动空间整体协调性、活动设施完善性、活动空间可达性、活动空间安全性、活动空间舒适性和活动空间景观美观性6种影响户外活动的社区公园环境特征。运用结构方程模型(SEM)量化统计方法,分析检验6种环境特征对漂族老人3种户外健康行为活动类型的空间影响程度。其中6种环境特征包含24种环境因子,3种户外健康行为活动类型包含9种活动因子。结果表明:漂族老人的生理健康行为活动和心理健康行为活动受活动空间舒适性影响最大,社交健康行为活动受活动空间可达性和活动空间安全性影响最大。通过定量分析影响社区公园漂族老人户外健康行为活动的空间环境特征,为社区公园绿地空间优化设计提供参考。 相似文献
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基于城市形态学中城市肌理的概念,以2015年“台达杯”国际太阳能建筑设计竞赛获奖方案为例,分析青海地区庄窠民居肌理与公共空间的关系,将地域特色与绿色建筑技术相结合,同时,使用相关软件模拟分析室外空间风环境并指导规划设计,探究新型农村生态社区的设计方法。在满足居民使用功能并提升其生活品质的前提下,延续传统村庄肌理,使新建社区在空间形态、建筑形制、文化、生态等方面都具有浓郁的地域特色,做到文脉传承与绿色建筑节能、建筑环境舒适性并行。 相似文献
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随着建设生态住宅、绿色住宅呼声的日益高涨,许多房地产开发商开始在住宅小区建设的同时进行园林绿化、试图为住户营造优美的居住环境。然而在一些用地紧张的地方,建筑占用的面积较多,可供绿化的面积相对较少,这就需要发展屋顶绿化。不仅能够提升整个楼盘档次,还可以让屋顶变为"金顶"。 相似文献
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Currently, there is little information pertaining to the airborne bacterial communities of green buildings. In this case study, the air bacterial community of a zero carbon building (ZCB) in Hong Kong was characterized by targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Bacteria associated with the outdoor environment dominated the indoor airborne bacterial assemblage, with a modest contribution from bacteria associated with human skin. Differences in overall community diversity, membership, and composition associated with short (day‐to‐day) and long‐term temporal properties were detected, which may have been driven by specific environmental genera and taxa. Furthermore, time‐decay relationships in community membership (based on unweighted UniFrac distances) and composition (based on weighted UniFrac distances) differed depending on the season and sampling location. A Bayesian source‐tracking approach further supported the importance of adjacent outdoor air bacterial assemblage in sourcing the ZCB indoor bioaerosol. Despite the unique building attributes, the ZCB microbial assemblage detected and its temporal characteristics were not dissimilar to that of conventional built environments investigated previously. Future controlled experiments and microbial assemblage investigations of other ZCBs will undoubtedly uncover additional knowledge related to how airborne bacteria in green buildings may be influenced by their distinctive architectural attributes. 相似文献