特长高速公路隧道火灾自动报警系统设计探讨

结合太原西山高速公路隧道的火灾自动报警系统设计,对特长高速公路隧道火灾自动报警系统的设计进行了探讨,重点对双波长火焰探测技术和光栅光纤感温火灾探测技术进行了比较,为合理选择隧道火灾自动报警系统提供了理论指导。     

电缆隧道及综合管廊火灾探测报警技术研究

介绍了电缆隧道及综合管廊电力舱火灾性状、特点,分析了目前电缆隧道火灾探测应用技术与其存在的问题。针对电缆接头区(部位)火灾自动探测报警技术的现状,提出了一种能够非接触探测被保护物体温度的缆式线型感温火灾探测器,对电缆接头区域进行连续在线探测,并结合产品技术特点和实体火灾试验数据,给出非接触缆式线型感温火灾探测器工程应用方法。     

公路隧道火灾监测技术及灭火系统的研究

阐述了公路隧道的火灾特性及危险性,如隧道火灾烟气蔓延快、疏散难度大、扑救困难等。介绍了新型隧道火灾探测技术及灭火系统,即图像型火灾探测器和细水雾灭火系统。     

视频图像火焰探测技术概述

介绍了基于视频图像的火焰探测技术,分析了该探测技术相对于其他探测技术的优点,简述了该探测技术的主要组成和探测原理.与以往的探测技术不同,该探测技术采用非接触式的测量技术,尤其适合大空间、室外、以及隧道等场所的火灾探测.     

常用隧道火灾探测器原理、应用及研究动态

概述了目前已有的探测不同火灾特征信号的各种火灾探测器,通过分析其特点总结出适用于隧道火灾探测的探测器类型,分类阐述常用的隧道火灾探测器原理,详细研究各种探测器在隧道这一特殊环境中的使用情况,归纳各种隧道火灾探测器使用的隧道,为隧道用火灾探测器的选型提供参考。对两种主流探测器（线型光纤火灾探测器和点型双波长火焰探测器）的性能进行了分析比较。在总结目前隧道用火灾探测器的发展趋势并综合各种探测器在隧道中使用时的优点与缺陷的基础上,提出了实现火灾早期预警方案的一种设想。     

分布式光纤测温技术在电缆火灾探测中的应用

本文介绍了一种分布式光纤感温探测系统(DTS),在火灾发生以前检测到被保护体的温升或过热的现象,并通过火灾自动报警控制器发出早期预警及报警信号,使危险源信号能够在火灾初期被有效识别。该技术非常适合于电缆管井、电缆夹层、地铁隧道及电缆隧道等早期火灾探测。     

基于线型感温+点式感光技术的公路隧道火灾报警系统设计

由于公路隧道的管状结构、高速行车、危化品物流等因素,火灾成为其安全运行的第一成胁实时准确探测隧道内温度变化,精确定位隧道内火灾隐患点位置、预判隧道内潜在火灾风险、及时可靠发出火灾报警信号,对及早消除隧道火灾隐患、妥善处理隧道火灾影响、降低隧道火灾损失、保护火灾时隧道设施及人车安全具有非常重要的意义     

光纤感温探测技术在隧道消防保护中的应用

分析了隧道的火灾特点,介绍了光纤感温探测系统的原理和特征,提出了将光纤感温探测系统应用于隧道消防的方法,取得了较为理想的效果,以推广光纤感温探测技术在隧道消防中的应用。     

公路交通隧道火灾探测技术研究

通过油盘火试验和模拟研究隧道火灾探测技术.油盘火试验分汽车下着火和汽车后方着火,模拟分为发动机舱着火和乘客舱着火.只有闭路电视图像探测器和感烟探测器能探测到车辆下方火灾,线型光纤感温探测系统探测车辆后方火灾较快.探测系统对乘客舱火灾的响应时间比发动机舱火灾的响应时间长.以50 km/h行驶的移动车辆着火,所有探测器无响应.建议采用两种及以上技术进行探测.     

几种火灾探测器在公路隧道中的应用

如何迅速探测公路长隧道的火灾,一直是国内外研究的课题。隧道火灾报警是隧道安全系统非常重要的一部分。隧道火灾探测器的种类很多,本文根据隧道几种常见火灾探测器的工作原理、结构、性能特点及优缺点,简述其在高速公路隧道上的应用,并为公路隧道火灾探测器的选择提供参考。     

Investigation on the Performance of Fire Detection Systems for Tunnel Applications––Part 2: Full-Scale Experiments Under Longitudinal Airflow Conditions

A two-year international road tunnel fire detection research project (Phase II) was completed recently. As part of this project, a series of fire tests were conducted in a laboratory tunnel facility under minimum and longitudinal airflow conditions. In addition, fire tests were also conducted in the Carré-Viger tunnel in Montreal. This paper presents the results of the full-scale experiments conducted in the laboratory tunnel under minimum airflow conditions. The performance of nine fire detection systems representing five types of fire detection technologies was investigated using representative tunnel fire scenarios. Test results showed that the response of fire detection systems to a tunnel fire was dependent on the size, location and growth rate of the fire, the type of fuel as well as the method of detection.     

Investigation on the Performance of Fire Detection Systems for Tunnel Applications––Part 1: Full-Scale Experiments at a Laboratory Tunnel

A two-year international road tunnel fire detection research project (Phase II) was completed recently. As part of this project, a series of fire tests were conducted in a laboratory tunnel facility under minimum and longitudinal airflow conditions. In addition, fire tests were also conducted in the Carré-Viger tunnel in Montreal. This paper presents the results of the full-scale experiments conducted in the laboratory tunnel under minimum airflow conditions. The performance of nine fire detection systems representing five types of fire detection technologies was investigated using representative tunnel fire scenarios. Test results showed that the response of fire detection systems to a tunnel fire was dependent on the size, location and growth rate of the fire, the type of fuel as well as the method of detection.     

Findings of the International Road Tunnel Fire Detection Research Project

Fire detection systems are essential fire protection elements for road tunnels to detect fires, activate safety systems and direct evacuation and firefighting. However, information on the performance of these systems is limited and guidelines for application of tunnel fire detection systems are not fully developed. The National Research Council of Canada and the Fire Protection Research Foundation, with support of government organizations, industries and private sector organizations, have completed a research project to investigate current fire detection technologies for road tunnel protection. The project included studies on the detection performance of current fire detection technologies with both laboratory and field fire tests combined with computer modelling studies. This paper provides an overview of the findings of the project. Fire detectors, fire scenarios and test protocols used in the test program are described. A summary of the research results of the series of full-scale fire tests conducted in a laboratory tunnel facility and in an operating road tunnel as well as of the computer modelling activities will be reported.     

隧道复合防火板的研究现状综述

阐述了隧道火灾的特点与防火措施,讨论了隧道复合防火板的基本原则、组成、施工工艺和技术规范,同时介绍了隧道复合防火板的研究、发展和使用现状,对隧道复合防火板的应用前景做了简单的评价,为隧道施工和运营安全提供了保障。     

基于风险分析的长大隧道火灾安全疏散

火灾是近年来发生在长大隧道内令人倍受关注的灾害问题,对火灾发生情形下的人员疏散及救援等问题进行研究,显得非常必要.目前长大隧道内的逃生方式大致有以下几种情形,联络通道式、横通道式、车道板式和竖井逃生洞口等.本研究进行基于风险理论指导下的火灾疏散技术研究,将火灾发生情形下的风险制定为四级,分别为:可忽略的,稍加关注的,严重的与灾难性的.并进行基于2级火灾风险等级反向设计隧道逃生结构,运用CFD技术对发生于隧道内的火灾风险事故进行模拟,对长大隧道联络通道式结构间距进行优化设计,得到结论:在通风速度为3.0m/s情形下,联络通道间距设计为100m以下时,能满足火灾时的安全疏散,并指出这样的疏散方式所构成的风险等级,虽然是可被社会接受的,但仍然在建设期需予以考虑.     

越江隧道的性能化消防安全设计对策

介绍了上海公路越江隧道的现状和发展趋势，分析了公路越江隧道潜在的火灾危险性和危害性，并从结构防火保护、火灾自动报警、自动喷水灭火、通风排烟和安全疏散等方面提出了公路越江隧道性能化消防设计的对策及建议。     

Findings of the International Road Tunnel Fire Detection Research Project

Fire detection systems play a crucial role in ensuring safe evacuation and firefighting operations in road tunnels, but information on the performance of these systems in tunnels has been limited and guidelines for their application in tunnel environments are not fully developed. Recently, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the Fire Protection Research Foundation completed a 2-year international research project, with the support of private- and public-sector organizations, to determine some of the strengths and weaknesses of the various types of fire detection systems and the factors that can affect their performance in tunnel environments. The project included both laboratory and field fire tests combined with computer modeling studies. Although this research was conducted on road tunnels, the findings should apply to other tunnels, such as those used in subway systems. As part of the project, the NRC conducted two series of tests in the Carleton University-NRC tunnel facility to investigate the performance of detection systems under minimal and longitudinal airflow conditions. In addition, NRC conducted tests in the Carré-Viger Tunnel in Montréal, as well as a computer modeling study. The project studied nine fire detection systems that covered five types of currently available technologies. The performance of the detection systems, including response times and ability to locate and monitor a fire in the tunnel and the effect of the tunnel environment, were evaluated under the same conditions. This article provides an overview of the findings of the project. Fire detectors, fire scenarios and test protocols used in the test program are described. A summary of the research results of the full-scale fire tests conducted in a laboratory tunnel facility and in an operating road tunnel as well as of the computer modeling activities is reported.     

Flame and smoke detection method for early real-time detection of a tunnel fire

This paper presents an image-processing technique for automatic real-time flame and smoke detection in a tunnel environment. To avoid the large-scale damage caused by fire occurring in different environments, there are many studies about discovering and minimizing an incident as fast as possible. However, we need an original algorithm specialized for a tunnel fire, because this environment is quite different and it is difficult to apply existing fire detection algorithms to a tunnel environment. Therefore, this paper proposes an original algorithm that applies to a tunnel environment. Color and motion information are used to minimize false detections in tunnels, and this information enables us to detect the exact position of an event at an early stage, by detection, test, and verification procedures. The experimental results show the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithms by a comparison of the characteristics of each algorithm.