三维多孔C球包覆纳米SnO2复合材料的电化学性能研究

以葡萄糖为碳源,锡酸钠为锡源,通过水热法制备了三维多孔C球包覆纳米SnO2复合材料。结果表明:样品的XRD谱线都出现SnO2的特征峰,多孔SnO2/C球尺寸为100nm左右,10～50nm的SnO2颗粒被均匀地包覆在约30nm的多孔碳层中。考察了水热时间对复合材料电化学性能的影响,在水热时间6h、烧结温度500℃、烧结保温时间2h的条件下,复合电极材料具有较高的可逆容量,首次可逆比容量为581.0mAh/g,首次放充电(嵌脱锂)效率为66.48%,经50次循环后,充电比容量保持在502.9mAh/g,循环效率为99.9%,具有较好的循环性能。     

超细Sn和SnO_2与碳复合的锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用溶液法以SnCl4.5H2O和葡萄糖为原料合成了颗粒尺寸为几个纳米的超细Sn及SnO2颗粒分布于无定形碳基体的复合材料,并在溶液过程中引入少量石墨。采用XRD、SEM和TEM等材料结构分析方法和恒电流充放电等电化学测试方法分析研究了前驱体的煅烧温度和石墨的引入对获得产物的结构及其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能的影响。研究结果表明,在500～700℃的煅烧温度下获得的Sn/C及含少量SnO2的Sn/SnO2/C复合材料,由于其中的Sn及SnO2的超细纳米尺寸及碳基体的缓冲有效减小了Sn在脱嵌锂过程中的应变和粉化,使材料具有良好的循环性能。石墨的引入有效提高了复合材料的容量和循环稳定性。经500℃煅烧的复合电极材料相对于其它材料具有更高的容量,其首次可逆容量达520mAh/g,经初始几个循环后,容量趋于稳定,经100次循环后,容量保持在350mAh/g。     

SnO2/石墨烯锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学行为研究

以氧化石墨和氯化亚锡为原料,采用原位合成法制得SnO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料。该方法不需外加还原剂,也避免了SnO2纳米粒子和石墨烯在机械混合过程中的团聚问题。XRD和TEM等的分析结果表明,纳米SnO2颗粒都均匀地分散在石墨烯表面,其中纳米SnO2的粒径和石墨烯的厚度分别为3~6 nm和1.5~2.0 nm。电化学测试结果表明:在200 mA/g电流密度下循环100次后,SnO2/石墨烯负极材料的嵌锂容量可稳定在552 mAh/g,容量保持率比单纯纳米SnO2提高了4.4倍;在40、400、800 mA/g的电流密度下,SnO2/石墨烯负极材料的放电容量可分别保持在724.5、426.0、241.3 mAh/g,表现出较好的倍率性能,该结果归因于石墨烯良好的导电性及其二维纳米结构。     

滤纸为模板制备中空SnO2纳米管锂离子电池负极材料

以植物纤维素(滤纸)为模板,制备了中空SnO2纳米管作为锂离子电池负极材料。通过XRD、SEM、TEM和HR TEM表征产物的组分、形貌和结构,表明合成材料是由粒度大小为5~15 nm SnO2粒子组装成的中空纳米管。同时,N2吸附/脱附测试表明此材料为疏松的介孔结构。材料在电流密度100 mA/g时,可逆容量稳定在580 mAh/g,60次循环后容量仍保持为550 mAh/g。制备的中空SnO2纳米管作为锂离子电池负极材料,具有较高的放电容量和良好的电化学循环性能。     

二次水热法制备鸟巢状TiO2/Co3O4纳米结构及其锂电性能

以TiO_2粉末和NaOH为原料,在机械外力场作用下,采用水热法制备TiO_2纳米线。随后将得到的TiO_2纳米线与六水合硝酸钴(Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O)和尿素(Urea)共同水热反应制备TiO_2/Co_3O_4纳米结构材料。分别利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电池充放电测试仪和电化学工作站等,对材料的相组成、微观形貌、锂电性能和阻抗性能进行测试。结果表明,TiO_2/Co_3O_4纳米复合材料为鸟巢状结构,其在33.5mA/g电流密度下恒电流充放电的首次放电容量为777mAh/g,充电容量为759mAh/g,100次循环后的可逆容量仍保持在663mAh/g,具有良好的循环稳定性和电化学特性。     

SnO2/高岭土复合材料作为锂离子负极材料的研究

以氯化亚锡和高岭土为原料,通过醇解,氨解反应,制备了纳米SnO2/高岭土复合材料.利用XRD、TEM测试技术对复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,550℃焙烧后复合材料中的SnO2粒子平均粒径在20nm左右,较纯材料中的SnO2粒子团聚现象减少.将复合材料作为锂离子负极材料进行了研究,与纯氧化锡相比这种复合材料具有较高可逆容量(达741mAh/g),同时循环性能也得到了提高.     

碳包覆的磷/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其储锂性能研究

以纳米黑磷和氧化石墨烯为原料,通过高温热处理的方法合成了碳包覆的磷/石墨烯复合材料,通过XRD、Raman、FT-IR、XPS及SEM对该复合材料进行表征。电化学性能测试表明,在100mA/g的电流密度下,制备的复合材料首次充电比容量为530mAh/g,循环50次后比容量仍然保持在492mAh/g,容量保持率为92.8%,表现出优异的电化学性能。     

复合SnO_2-SiO_2纳米颗粒制备及其抗静电性能

以(C2H5)4SiO4、SnCl4·5H2O为原料,采用分步水解法制备以SnO2为芯材、SiO2为壳材的复合型SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒,以扫描电镜(SEM)观察纳米材料的形貌,并用红外光谱(IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒的结构,研究不同核壳物质的量比的SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒对明胶膜的抗静电性能的影响。结果表明:掺加SnO2-SiO2纳米颗粒的明胶膜具有良好的抗静电能力,随着复合颗粒加入量的增加,表面电导和明胶膜的光学密度都随之增加。     

锂离子电池复合正极材料xLiFePO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备与性能研究

以FePO4·xH2O、V2O5、NH4H2PO4和Li2CO3为原料,以乙二酸为还原剂,在常温常压下经机械活化并还原嵌锂,形成无定形的5LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3前驱体混合物,然后低温热处理合成出晶态的复合正极材料5LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3.分别研究了复合材料的物相结构、形貌、电化学性能.SEM图像表明合成的材料粒径小、分布均匀,一次粒径为100～200nm.充放电测试结果表明,650℃烧结12h制得的复合正极材料5LiFePO4·Li3V2(PO4)3电化学性能优良,1C放电比容量高达158mAh/g,达到该复合材料的理论比容量(156.8mAh/g).复合材料具有良好的倍率性能和循环性能,在10C放电比容量高达114mAh/g,100次循环后容量几乎无衰减.循环伏安测试表明,复合材料的脱嵌锂性能优良,且明显优于单一的LiFePO4和Li3V2(PO4)3.     

锌锡锑三元合金纳米微粒的制备及贮锂性能

用化学还原-共沉淀法合成了锂离子电池纳米锌锡锑三元合金负极材料ZnSnSb2。通过XRD、TEM和电化学测试对材料进行了表征。所制备的材料粒径大小分布在5-15nm之间。在充放电电压为1.5V到0V范围内,初始可逆充电容量为708mAh/g,经过20周的循环后,充电容量保持为82.1%。充放电电压范围为0.9V到0V时,初始可逆充电容量为329mAh/g,经过20次充放电循环后,可逆充电容量仍然保持在95.7%。由于材料中非活性物质Li3Sb的作用以及材料所具有的纳米结构,使其循环性能大大提高。     

三维有序大孔SnO2及SnO2/SiO2材料的制备及结构特征

以SnCl2-2H2O和正硅酸乙酯为原料，用微球直径为585nm的聚苯乙烯胶晶为模板，制备了三维有序大孔SnO2和SnO2／SiO2材料，SEM观察表明，直接用SnCl2的乙醇溶液为前驱物溶液，难以形成有序的大孔结构，加入正硅酸乙酯或将SnCl2溶液转变为氧化物溶胶，则得到的大孔材料孔结构三维有序排列相当好，孔径为453～500nm，孔与孔之间通过小孔相连，XRD分析表明，大孔材料孔壁由晶粒直径约为17nmSnO2粒子构成。     

Mesoporous SnO2@carbon core-shell nanostructures with superior electrochemical performance for lithium ion batteries

SnO2@carbon nanostructure composites are prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The composite exhibits unique structure, which consists of a mesoporous SnO2 core assembled of very small nanoparticles and a carbon shell with 10 nm thickness. The mesoporous SnO2@carbon core-shell nanostructures manifest superior electrochemical performance as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The reversible specific capacity of the composite is about 908 mAh g(-1) for the first cycle and it can retain about 680 mAh g(-1) after 40 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 0.3 C. Moreover, it shows excellent rate capability even at the high rate of 4.5 C. The enhanced performance was attributed to the mesoporous structure and a suitable carbon coating.     

ZnFe2O4锂离子电池负极材料的制备及电化学性能研究

以ZnCl₂和FeCl₃.6H₂O为原料, 通过溶剂热法制备了尖晶石型ZnFe₂O₄材料, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和恒流充放电测试技术对材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明, 合成的材料为纳微多孔结构, 其颗粒粒径约为250 nm, 以50 mA/g的电流密度充放电时, 可逆比容量为933.1 mAh/g, 经过100次循环后, 比容量为813.5 mAh/g, 比容量保持率高达87.2%, 表现出优异的循环稳定性能。当电流密度增大到400 mA/g时, 其比容量约为355 mAh/g, 表现出较高的倍率性能。采用该法制备得到的纳米ZnFe₂O₄具有比容量高、循环稳定好等优点, 是一种具有较强应用前景的锂离子电池负极材料。     

Synthesization and characterization of FeS2 by mechanical alloying for Na/FeS2 cell

In this study, the FeS2 fine compound powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) for 15 hrs and stearic acid was added as PCA (Process Control Agent) to prevent the excessive cold welding and agglomeration. For the purpose of ulteriorly reducing the particle size to improve the contact areas between the active materials and conducting agents, the wet ball milling process was applied by employing normal hexane (C6H14) as the milling solvent. The mean particle size of FeS2 powders about 1.14 microm were obtained after 24 hrs wet ball milling. The powders were characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, TEM and EDS. To compare the influence of particle size on the properties of charge/discharge, the same electrolyte was employed for both tests by dissolving 1M NaCF3SO3 (sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate) in a liquid of TEGDME (tetraethylene glycol dimethylether). The first discharge capacity of Na/FeS2 cell made by dry ball milled powders was 440 mAh/g with a plateau potential at approximately 1.25 V versus Na/Na+ and 260 mAh/g at the 25th cycle at room temperature. Meanwhile, the initial discharge capacity of Na/FeS2 cell made by wet ball milled powders was 614 mAh/g with the same discharge plateau potential and retained 385 mAh/g at the 25th cycle. And the discharge capacity for wet milled system decreased continuously by repeated charge/discharge cycling in the first 20 cycles and has little change after 60 cycles, which means the good cycling properties, remaining half of its initial discharge capacity of 320 mAh/g even after 100 cycles.     

TiO2/石墨烯复合物的制备及其嵌脱锂行为研究

以钛酸丁酯为TiO₂前驱体, 通过水热法制得TiO₂/石墨烯复合物。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学充放电等手段对材料进行了表征和分析。结果表明: TiO₂颗粒均匀地分散在石墨烯的表面, 复合物中石墨烯的含量为24.67%。当该材料用作锂离子电池负极材料时, 在2C的放电倍率下, 首次放电容量为384.35 mAh/g, 循环100次后的放电容量为130.26 mAh/g, 是纯TiO₂电极放电容量的2.93倍。与纯TiO₂电极相比, TiO₂/石墨烯复合物的电荷转移电阻较低。TiO₂/石墨烯复合物具有较好的倍率性能和较高的电化学反应活性。     

Luminescence properties of SnO2 nanoparticles dispersed in Eu3+ doped SiO2 matrix

SnO2 nanoparticles dispersed in Eu3+ doped silica (SnO2-SiO2:Eu3+) were prepared at a low temperature (185 degrees C) in ethylene glycol medium. Transmission electron microscopy studies on as-prepared samples have established that SnO2 nanoparticles having size of 4.6 nm are uniformly covered by the SiO2 matrix. Significant extent of exciton mediated energy transfer between SnO2 and Eu3+ ions in heat treated SnO2-SiO2:Eu3+ samples has been attributed to the diffusion of Eu3+ ions from the SiO2 matrix to the near vicinity of SnO2 nanoparticles and its incorporation in the SnO2 matrix. On the other hand, very weak energy transfer exists for SnO2:Eu3+ nanoparticles heated at different temperatures due to the phase segregation of Eu3+ ions from the matrix.     

三维网络结构氧化铜纳米线锂离子电池负极材料的制备和性能研究

通过阳极氧化法和后退火处理在铜箔上合成了三维网络结构氧化铜纳米线,将其作为负极材料制备了无需添加粘结剂的锂离子电池。研究了恒压氧化时间对材料形貌和电化学性能的影响。在1C的倍率下,氧化1000 s制备的CuO纳米线表现出最高的1172 mAh/g首圈放电比容量和594 mAh/g的可逆比容量,500圈循环可逆比容量为607.6 mAh/g,可逆容量保留率为102.3%。交联的三维网络结构CuO纳米线相互支撑,提供稳定的结构,有效缓解了CuO纳米线作为锂离子电池负极材料中的体积膨胀问题,表现出了优异的倍率性能和循环寿命。     

SnO2-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons as anodes for lithium ion batteries with enhanced cycling stability

A nanocomposite material of SnO2-reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons has been developed. In this composite, the reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons are uniformly coated by nanosized SnO2 that formed a thin layer of SnO2 on the surface. When used as anodes in lithium ion batteries, the composite shows outstanding electrochemical performance with the high reversible discharge capacity of 1,027 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 165 cycles and 640 mAh/g at 3.0 A/g after 160 cycles with current rates varying from 0.1 to 3.0 A/g and no capacity decay after 600 cycles compared to the second cycle at a current density of 1.0 A/g. The high reversible capacity, good rate performance and excellent cycling stability of the composite are due to the synergistic combination of electrically conductive reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons and SnO2, The method developed here is practical for the large-scale development of anode materials for lithium ion batteries.