模拟二元复合驱采出液稳定性影响因素研究

二元复合驱是中高渗透油藏提高采收率的主要技术之一。为了研究聚表二元驱对乳状液稳定性的影响,选取含聚表水与模拟油组成油水界面体系,测试了油水界面张力、界面剪切黏度等参数,并结合乳状液静置脱水效果,分析聚表二元驱对油水采出液稳定性的作用机理。采用含聚合物和表面活性剂的水相与模拟油配制成模拟油采出液,用于测试不同聚合物及表面活性剂浓度对界面张力的影响。界面张力结果表明:聚表二元驱成分能够显著增大油水乳状液的稳定性,但聚合物与表面活性剂在界面活性上存在明显差异;界面剪切黏度的影响因素主要为聚合物;静置脱水实验表明,影响油水乳状液稳定性的主要因素为表面活性剂。这与过去的观点存在矛盾,即认为界面剪切黏度是影响乳状液稳定性的关键。因此本研究认为存在其他因素影响乳状液稳定性。     

埕东泡沫复合驱采出液油-水界面性质及乳状液稳定性

以埕东泡沫复合驱采出液为研究对象,配制一系列含不同浓度泡沫剂的模拟水和模拟油组成的体系,采用界面张力仪、表面黏弹性仪和Zeta电位仪测定了这些体系的油-水界面特性,考察了发泡剂浓度对这些界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明,由于泡沫复合驱采出水中含有固体悬浮物,使得过滤后采出水-原油模拟油体系的油-水界面张力和界面剪切黏度降低.模拟水中加入发泡剂后,模拟水-原油模拟油体系的油-水界面张力降低,界面剪切粘度增加,但变化幅度较小,而油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值增大;原油与含发泡剂的模拟水所形成的W/O和O/W乳状液的稳定性随发泡剂浓度的增加而增强.     

固体颗粒对O／W乳状液稳定性的影响研究

采用界面张力仪、表面粘弹性仪和Zeta电位仪研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)溶液与大庆原油模拟油之间界面性质以及固体颗粒对这些界面性质的影响.结果表明,含100 ms/L的HPAM溶液中加入固体颗粒后,聚合物溶液与原油模拟油之间的界面张力上升,界面剪切粘度下降,但随着固体颗粒浓度的增加,聚合物溶液与原油模拟油间的界面张力和界面剪切粘度基本保持不变.在聚合物溶液中加入固体颗粒后,其与原油模拟油形成的O/W乳状液稳定性变差,乳状液内部油珠表面Zeta电位负值增加.O/W乳状液的稳定性取决于油水界面剪切粘度和Zeta电位的双重影响.     

含固体颗粒二元复合驱原油乳状液破乳研究

为了有效处理含固体颗粒的聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合驱原油乳状液油水分离困难的问题,采用界面张力仪和全功能稳定性分析仪考察了硅藻土、破乳剂、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)和石油磺酸盐表面活性剂对胜利海上原油二元复合驱采出液稳定性和油水界面性质的影响。结果表明,非离子破乳剂ECY-05和有机硅破乳剂589按质量比4∶1组成的复配破乳剂FP的破乳效果良好,随着FP加量增大,乳状液稳定性降低,油水界面张力减小,脱水率增加,FP加量为200 mg/L时,含固原油乳状液60 min脱水率为88%;随着HPAM、表面活性剂和硅藻土含量的增加,乳状液稳定性增加,脱水率降低;油水界面张力随着硅藻土加量的增大而增大,随表面活性剂浓度的增大而减小,HPAM对油水界面张力影响较小,三者的协同作用使得脱水率降低。     

埕东泡沫复合驱采出液油-水界面性质及乳状液稳定性研究

 以埕东泡沫复合驱采出液为研究对象, 配制一系列含不同浓度泡沫剂的模拟水和模拟油组成的体系,采用界面张力仪、表面黏弹性仪和Zeta电位仪测定了这些体系的油-水界面特性,考察了发泡剂浓度对这些界面特性及乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,由于泡沫复合驱采出水中含有固体悬浮物,使得过滤后采出水-原油模拟油体系的油-水界面张力和界面剪切粘度降低。模拟水中加入发泡剂后,模拟水-原油模拟油体系的油-水界面张力降低,界面剪切粘度增加,但变化幅度较小,而油滴表面的Zeta电位绝对值增大;原油与含发泡剂的模拟水所形成的W/O和O/W乳状液的稳定性随发泡剂浓度的增加而增强。     

季铵盐阳离子聚合物防膨剂对 W/O乳状液稳定性的影响

为揭示季铵盐阳离子聚合物防膨剂对热采稠油乳状液稳定性的影响规律,根据南堡35-2油田热采现场采出液特征,采用高温高压可视相态釜模拟配制油包水乳状液,研究了季铵盐阳离子聚合物防膨剂对油水界面张力、界面剪切黏度及乳状液表观黏度和破乳脱水率的影响。结果表明,随着防膨剂浓度的增大,油水间的界面张力降低,界面剪切黏度增大;防膨剂浓度一定时,随着剪切速率的增大,界面剪切黏度增大并最终趋于稳定。温度对乳状液体系的性能影响较大:防膨剂在55℃时几乎对原油的乳化不产生影响,防膨剂溶液与原油形成的乳状液不稳定;在乳化温度为100℃和150℃下形成的乳状液稳定性高,且其表观黏度随防膨剂浓度的增大而增大;防膨剂浓度一定时,随着乳化温度升高,乳状液的表观黏度明显增大,脱水率降低,150℃时含0.5%~10%防膨剂乳状液的脱水率均为0,稳定性良好。季铵盐阳离子聚合物防膨剂能降低油水间的界面能,提高界面膜强度,增加W/O型乳状液的稳定性。     

聚合物对W/O乳状液稳定性的影响规律研究

根据孤岛聚合物驱现场采出液特征,室内模拟配制了W/O乳状液,研究了聚合物对乳状液表观黏度、液滴直径及油水界面黏弹性质的影响规律.结果表明,采出液中的残留聚合物可显著提高乳状液的表观黏度,当聚合物浓度为400 mg/L时,乳状液黏度达到极大值;大于400 mg/L时,乳状液的黏度不再增大.聚合物浓度增大使W/O乳状液的水珠粒径减小、分布集中;聚合物浓度大于300 mg/L时,水珠粒径基本不变.聚合物可改变油水界面膜的流变性,增强油/水界面的黏弹性模量和复数黏度,增大界面膜的强度,增加乳状液的稳定性.以上效应导致含聚合物的采出液乳化更加稳定,破乳更加困难.     

石油磺酸盐弱碱体系采出液分离及影响因素

跟踪石油磺酸盐弱碱体系三元复合驱矿场试验主段塞注入阶段,对采出液进行了系统研究,模拟了碱、表面活性剂和聚合物对采出液油水分离特性的单一和协同影响。结果表明:碱与原油中的天然物质反应生成界面活性物质,降低油水界面张力,使原油乳状液乳化强度增大,O/W型乳状液中的分散相油珠粒径显著下降,稳定性增强;在低表面活性剂质量浓度下,活性剂吸附到油水界面上顶替了部分原油中的天然表面活性物质及碱与原油反应生成的界面活性物质,插入到油水界面上胶质和沥青质聚集体之间,降低了胶质和沥青质聚集体之间的作用力,但加强了界面黏弹性,使原油乳状液稳定性增强;聚合物使水相具有黏弹性,使得水滴难以破裂,导致原油乳状液中水滴尺寸增大,稳定性下降。     

聚表二元驱采出液流变性研究

用长庆油田北三区原油、油田采出水、聚丙烯酰胺、甜菜碱表面活性剂配制了聚表二元驱采出液。采出液含水率为10%~90%,高浓度采出液含1000 mg/L聚合物、1667 mg/L表面活性剂,低浓度采出液含400 mg/L聚合物、600 mg/L表面活性剂。考察了含水率、聚合物浓度、表面活性剂浓度、剪切速率、温度等因素对聚表二元驱采出液流变性的影响。结果表明,10%~20%含水率高浓度采出液的乳状液类型为W/O型、25%以上含水率的采出液为O/W型,转相点在含水率20%~25%之间,而低浓度采出液的转相点在含水率25%~30%之间。温度升高,采出液黏度降低。当含水率较低时,随着聚合物表面活性剂浓度的降低,相同温度下的采出液（W/O型）黏度保持不变;当含水率较高时,随着含水率的增大和聚合物表面活性剂浓度的降低,相同温度下的采出液（O/W型）黏度逐渐降低。无论采出液为W/O型或O/W型,温度在反常点以下时,随着剪切速率的增大,采出液黏度降低,表现出剪切稀释性。     

大庆油田三元复合驱采出液热-化学破乳研究

以模拟三元复合驱采出液为介质研制了大庆油田表面活性剂ORS－41三元复合驱O／W型采出液热化学脱水的破乳剂，用模拟采出液和实际采出液评价了其破乳性能并通过测试模拟含油污水的油珠聚并，水相粘度，油水界面张力，油珠Zeta电位和油水界面流变性的方法研究了大庆油田表面活性剂ORS－41三元复合驱O／W型采出液的热－化学破乳机理。实验结果表明，表面活性剂ORS－41三元复合驱O／W型采出液在破乳剂加药量为150mg/L，脱水温度为45℃和沉降时间为3h的条件下，可经热－化学脱水达到外输原油含水率指标；三元复合驱O／W型采出液的热－化学破乳机理为：破乳剂ASPD－1吸附剂油水界面上顶替原油中的天然界面活性物质，碱与原油中天然物质反应生成的界面活性物质和驱油表面活性剂，降低油珠表面的负电性和油珠之间的电排斥力，促进油珠之间的聚并，使油珠上浮速率加大并使O／W型三元复合驱采出液分层后握 油珠浓缩层内的油珠粒径增大，使得油珠聚并过程中被束缚在油相中的水滴直径增大，使所形成的W／O型乳化原油的稳定性下降，容易破乳。     

Influences of water treatment agents on oil-water interfacial properties of oilfield produced water

The emulsion stability of oilfield produced water is related to the oil-water interfacial film strength and the zeta potential of the oil droplets. We investigated the effects of water treatment agents (corrosion inhibitor SL-2, scale inhibitor HEDP, germicide 1227, and flocculant polyaluminium chloride PAC) on the stability of oilfield produced water. The influence of these treatment agents on oil-water interfacial properties and the mechanism of these agents acting on the oilfield produced water were studied by measuring the interfacial shear viscosity, interfacial tension and zeta electric potential. The results indicated that the scale inhibitor HEDP could increase the oil-water interfacial film strength, and it could also increase the absolute value of the zeta potential of oil droplets. HEDP played an important role in the stability of the emulsion. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) reduced the stability of the emulsion by considerably decreasing the absolute value of the zeta potential of oil droplets. Corrosion inhibitor SL-2 and germicide 1227 could decrease the oil-water interfacial tension, whereas they had little influence on oil-water interfacial shear viscosity and oil-water interfacial electricity properties.     

降压脱气对溶CO2原油乳液中水滴稳定性的影响

通过对CO₂在油/水/乳液中的溶解度、溶CO₂原油的流动性、溶CO₂后油-水间的界面特性、溶CO₂原油乳液的稳定性、油-水界面压力变化的测试与计算,分析溶CO₂原油乳液在降压脱气过程中水滴稳定性的变化规律。结果表明：溶CO2原油乳液中,沥青质等界面活性物质能够迅速地迁移并吸附于油-水界面,并微弱提高油相对CO₂的溶解能力,并使得油-水界面张力快速降低,界面弹性模量增大,降低界面扩张损耗角;溶入CO₂能够降低油相黏度,提高水滴沉降速率,使得原油乳液的分油率增大;降压脱气时,水相中CO₂气泡的析出、长大,迫使水滴膨胀,降低界面上活性物质的浓度,减小了油-水界面压力,使得水滴的聚结稳定性变差,增大了原油乳液的分水率。     

鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页岩油渗吸驱油现象初探

鄂尔多斯盆地长7段陆相页岩油储层孔渗小,连通性差,通过单纯的水驱作用难以采出,盆地页岩油的开发主要通过大规模体积压裂增加油水置换面积进而增加采收率。开发实践与室内实验证明,储层流体与井筒流体之间存在渗吸置换现象,且通过油水渗吸置换采出的页岩油占比为15%~40%,为页岩油的有效开发提供了新的思路。通过岩心外边界敞开实验,对比不同渗透率岩心的吸水排油能力,定量研究孔隙半径、界面张力、岩心渗透率等因素对渗吸置换有效性的影响。实验显示,小于10 μm的孔隙中采出的原油占渗吸采油量的56%~80%;当界面张力为1.18 mN/m时,页岩油储层的渗吸采收率最大;在界面张力较小（小于2 mN/m）时,渗透率与渗吸采收率成正比关系,而当界面张力大于4 mN/m时,渗透率与渗吸采收率没有明显的相关性。     

聚合物类型对油水界面性质影响研究

采用平面张力仪和表面粘弹性仪研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）和疏水缔合聚合物（HAP）对油水界面性质的影响研究结果表明,疏水缔合聚合物HAP可以显著降低煤油／模拟水体系界面张力,但对模拟油／模拟水体系界面张力影响较小;部分水解聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物CA对煤油／模拟水和模拟油／模拟水体系界面张力无明显影响。无论是煤油／模拟水体系还是模拟油／模拟水体系．随聚合物溶液浓度的增加,部分水解聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物CA均使体系界面剪切粘度逐渐增大。而疏水缔合聚合物HAP均使体系的界面剪切粘度先增加,后降低,而后再增加。部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）相对分子质量较大时,HPAM溶液／模拟油体系的界面剪切粘度较大。     

弱凝胶对油水相对渗透率的影响

在凝胶处理后,油/水相相对渗透率均大幅度下降,可动饱和度范围明显缩小,弱凝胶的易屈服性导致渗透率随流速增加而上升.凝胶处理使油/水相渗透率产生不均衡减少是由于油在通过凝胶时部分残余油占据的孔隙形成了新的流动通道;但水驱时,由于油/水界面张力较高,残余油形成的大部分通道关闭.所以,在同样的驱动力下油/水通过凝胶处理后的含油地层时,油相渗透率高于水相渗透率.     

Interfacial properties of Daqing crude oil-alkaline system

The oil/water interfacial properties of crude oil emulsions formed by alkaline/surfactant/ polymer（ASP） flooding in the Daqing Oilfield were investigated in this paper by the measurement of interfacial tension,interfacial shear viscosity and Zeta potential of the oil/water system.The result showed that both NaOH and Na₂CO₃ could react with acid substances in the crude oil to produce interfacially active components,which are adsorbed on the interfaces between the aqueous phase and oil phase, resulting in a decrease of the interfacial tension,negatively charging the surface of oil droplets,but making little change in the interfacial shear viscosity.For the same ionic strength of NaOH and Na₂CO₃, the interfacial tension of NaOH solution-crude oil system is lower,but the interfacial shear viscosity of NaOH solution-crude oil system is higher,than that of Na₂CO₃ solution-crude oil system.The negative value of the Zeta potential on the surface of the oil droplets is large.Accordingly,the O/W emulsion of NaOH solution-crude oil system is more stable than that of Na₂CO₃ solution-crude oil system.     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

江37 稠油油田注降黏剂驱油实验研究

针对江37 稠油油田蒸汽吞吐开采稠油过程中出砂严重的情况,进行了注表面活性剂降黏驱油室内实验研究。表面活性剂筛选实验表明,FPS-H 分散型稠油降黏剂与江37 稠油油田采出污水具有较好的配伍性,可使油/水界面张力下降到0.05 mN/m,稠油乳化降黏率达到92.1%。驱油实验结果表明,FPSH降黏剂驱最佳注入量为0.5 PV,最佳注入速度为1.0 mL /min,注入方式应选择0.5 PV 段塞-后续水驱方式,注入水温度不宜超过50 ℃。     

Petroleum Sulfonates as Oil Displacement Agents and Application to Gudao Oil Field

Abstract

In terms of the condition of injection of water after polymer flooding of the Gudao oil field (Shengli, China), the following water quickly broke though the bank to the production wells, while most of residual oil remained in the formation. To solve the problem, two types of petroleum sulfonates made in China were selected to form an oil displacement agent (ODA) solution. The petroleum sulfonate available for crude oil from the Gudao oil field with the ultra-low interfacial tension can be found by drawing an oil/water interfacial tension contour diagram. The results show that the interfacial tension can be lower than 3.6 × 10^?4 mN/m when the active agent is contained with 0.25% Kelamayi petroleum sulfonate (KPS) + 0.225% Anqing petroleum sulfonate (APS) and if the agent reduces water resistance by entering the tiny pore to improve sweep coefficient and oil displacement efficiency. The polymer has no influence on the balanced value of interfacial tension but delays the interfacial tension to reach the balance. Pouring 0.3 pore volume (PV) high-efficient ODA into reservoir can improve 17% oil recovery (OR). Synergistic effects of two types of petroleum sulfonate with low cost to enhance OR will have an excellent prospect for enhanced oil recovery (EOR).