孟加拉高塔

RMJM have recently been commissioned by Unitech Ltd to design a new, dynamic, landmark development of international quality in Kolkata, India. Located on the city approach road from the airport and adjoining an upcoming commercial and residential area, the tower development, which contains of office, hotel, retail and serviced apartment elements, will make a positive contribution to     

A Reappraisal of Issues Concerning the Renovation and Redevelopment of Beijing''''s Qianmen Business Area

The Qianmen area is one of the major commercial centers of Beijing.The future development of this area in-volves issues of various aspects involving communication,preservation of historical buildings,cultural tradition utili-ty of land and space underground.This paper,based on actual field survey of the area,reveals many valuable newplanning concepts.     

Housing and Urban Development in the People''''s Republic of China(A Selected Bibliography 1980—1987)

(Continued from Volume 6 Number 3 September1990)169.“The 6th Five-Year Plan(1981-85) of the People's Republic of Chinafor Economic and Social Development”Beijing Reviewvol.26,no.22May 30,1983,pp.Ⅰ-ⅩⅥChapter ⅩⅩⅩⅡ contains sections onurban and rural construction,urban resi-dents housing,and urban public utilities.     

Why Spatial Planning Often Fails to Control the Spreading Locations of Large Scale Commercial Facilities？

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanism of planning failure on land use control in case of sprawl developments of large scale commercial facilities, which is often seen in many countries. The author demonstrates actual three cases in Japan： a huge commercial development established in the middle of rice field between the two local cities, two huge commercial accumulations established at the opposite fringes of urban area, and many large commercial developments established one by one within the small municipalities surrounding a central city. And by examining the statistical sales amount, the author describes that these huge suburban commercial developments apparently deprived the sales of the downtown. Through analyzing these cases, the author empirically stated that for the motorized local cites, the optimum location of commercial accumulation is no longer the central area of the city but about 15 min away from the center with the smooth accessible arterial road. At last, the author mentions that the ＂planning failure＂ could be occurred if the territory of planning authority and the scale of the development are inconsistent, such as the authority of small municipal government and the large scale commercial facility which impacts beyond the municipal boundary.     

Some Empirical Examples of Central Place Model in China

At the beginning of 1980s,the Central Place Theory was introduced into China from the West.The authors ofthis article are the initiators of applying this model to China's urban and regional planning as well as to the allocationof commercial activities.Since the commodity economy has been developing in China for thousands of years,most ofthe areas in eastern plains and inland basins of China show the spatial structure of typical central places scene.Duringsome six years,the authors participated in a lot of rural,urban and regional planning projects in which the spatialphenomena and relevant internal mechanism proved this model and its deformation.This paper gives only a few ex-amples of the application of central place theory in China:1.the distribution of rural markets,the empirical study isbased mainly on the situation in Shengfang town and its vicinal area;2.the spatial combination of urban systems,problems about city allocation in North China are emphasized;3.commercial centers in city and the network,a cru-cial study on commercial centers in city and the network,a crucial study on commercial distribution of themetropolis.Beijing is done by using central place model.     

建筑细部系列丛书之太阳能建筑（中文版）2008年即将面世

For the first time, a comprehensive treatment of all aspects of solar construction in a single volume - from urban-planning to passive and active energy systems and the development of new insulating materials, “Solar Architecture” presents an over- view of planning instruments and techniques that allow the assessment and implementation of the appropriate measures, The book contains a wide range of innovative solutions, from single-family houses, office and commercial developments to settlement models, all presented at a high level of quality and illustrated with large-scale detail drawings. Sustainable build- ings based on holistic concepts in which various aspects of solar technology are convincingly integrated.     

An Analysis of the Realty Leasing Market in Qianmen and Zhongguancun Areas of Beijing

The urban realty market is very complicated with wide-ranging contents and manyproblems. in the past, we focused our research mainly on the land auction, land rental inbatches, public bidding and the development of mass plots of land in the coastal open cit-ies, while neglecting the research on the real estate leasing and structural readjustment ofurban land use and housing Therefore. we have selected two typical areas in Beijing foron-the -spot investigation. One is Qianmen ——the most prosperous area in Beijingwith all kinds of big, medium-sized and small enterprises of public, collective and privateownership, and with brisk commercial activities and busy real estate leasing business. Theother area is the Zhongguancun ——the key section of the experimental area in Beijing forthe development of new technology and industries. In the past few years there have set upnew and high-tech enterprise groups with multiple subjects, Various categories and acombination of technology, industry and trade, which represent the direction for the de-velopment of science, technology and new productivity. Along with the mass explosivedevelopment of a large number of companies, the structure of the land use in that area haschanged dramatically. the leasing and transaction of the real estate are very active the re,and the rents and prices of land and housing have come up to the highest in Beijing.     

Stability of roadways in coalmines alias rock mechanics in practice

This paper describes the procedures for design of supports and stabilization measures in the roadways.The procedures are based on the system developed in Ostrava-Karvina coal basin in Czech Republic.The calculation of load bearing capacity of roadway supports contains the period of roadway construction and mining in the vicinities,based on the size of the natural rock arch.The loading of supports during mining comes from a stress wave in the rock mass in the forefront of coalface and the caving area of mined-out panel.The input data for the calculation method are deduced according to in-situ measurements of convergence and displacement in the roadways.     

Improving Conviviality in Public Places： The Case of Naples, Italy

Under the umbrella concept of conviviality in public spaces, a research project on the rehabilitation of urban areas for commercial and retail uses---as engine of a complex process of production of places for social and cultural mixit6--has been defined. The aim of this research has been to produce useful tools for coping with the abandonment of public spaces in former commercial urban areas, without generating anonymous and globalized commercial districts. Through involving local stakeholders in a participatory process, the first phase of the research here presented needs to demonstrate the possible effectiveness of a pilot action plan in dealing with both isolation and gentrification processes of historical centres. The main hypothesis is that traditional retailers should be considered an essential element to ensure effective public use of urban public spaces. The research methodology is based on a qualitative approach. Focussing on the process of impoverishment within local commercial districts, the research group started working with local stakeholders in order to identify priorities and criticisms for enhancing a regeneration process. The case study to be carried out in Naples is the historical market place of Piazza Mercato in the Citth Bassa of Naples （Italy）.     

辽西中生代火山喷发旋回划分与地质意义

With the rapid development of the tourism market in mainland China and the quick expansion of tourism in the rural and village region (alternatively called rural area or RA or village area of China or VAC for short), more and more attention has been jetted into this field at the same time, and it also attracts the attention from the government and raises the interests of experts and scholars. In this paper, the recent definition of tourism in the rural and village region(alternatively called rural area or RA or village area of China or VAC for short) is given out, and tourism in the rural and village region(alternatively called rural area or RA or village area of China or VAC for short) development is also the main concern, the analysis of the development of tourism in the rural and village region(alternatively called rural area or RA or village area of China or VAC for short), tourism in the rural and village region (alternatively named as rural area in China or called RAC for short) development programs and measures for analysis.     

Deterioration of Concrete by the Oxidation of Sulphide Minerals in the Aggregate

Cases of degradation of concrete associated to iron sulphides in aggregates were recently recognized in the Trois-Rivi6res area, Canada. The aggregate used to produce concrete was an anorthositic gabbro containing various proportions of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite. Quantitative microanalysis on sulphide minerals show that pyrrhotite contains small amount of Ni, Co, Cu and As substituting for Fe in the mineral structure. Considering element substitution, x value in the chemical formula （Fe~.xS） was calculated to 0.099 in the pyrrhotite studied. Petrographic examination of damaged concretes showed the presence of oxidized pyrrhotite. The observation of polished samples shows, in several cases, that the pyrite is intact while the pyrrhotite presents evident signs of oxidation. In the presence of water and oxygen, pyrrhotite oxidizes to form iron oxyhydroxides and sulphuric acid. The acid then reacts with the phases of the cement paste and provokes the formation of gypsum and ettringite. These minerals were observed by SEM-EDS （scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer） and their precipitation causes a volume increase that creates expansion and cracking of the concrete.     

City Planning Act of The People''''s Republic of China

Adopted by the 11th Session of the Stand-ing Committee of the Seventh National Peo-ple's Congress on December 26,1989.Chapter Ⅰ General ProvisionsArticle 1This Act is formulated to define the sizeand development orientation of a city,torealize the goal of economic and social devel-o pment of the city,to map out the city'splanning and to carry out construction tomeet the needs of development for socialistmodernization.     

A Trend Based Approach to Planning——An Introduction to the Land Use Adjustment Plan in Nanmen District,Suzhou

In view of the irrationality in the present land uses in Nanmen district,the new trendbased approach to planning is adopted in the derivation of a land use adjustment plan forthis area.Examples are discussed here in order to analyse the value of land and its demandand supply relationship,and to illustrate the land market demand trend.The planning ob-ject and land use adjustment plan are then proposed.     

Controversy Over China''''s Traditional Commercial-Streets

In recent years,a great number of traditional commercial streets has reappeared in China.The first attempt wasthe renovation of the kiu-Li-Chang street in Beijing.The renovation of the Liu-Li-Chang street in Beijing was proposed in 1978,with the first stage of the projectstarted in October,1980.It included the reconstruction of a 500 metre-length of street and 54 stores on both sideswith a floor space of 34 thousand square metres.The whole project was basically completed in the short period of afew years and has won acclaims from architects and planners at home and abroad,though arguments still exist.Soonafterwards,many cities followed suit with such influential ones as the traditional culture street in Tianjin,theCheng-Huang-Miao Temple market in Hefei and the Fu-Zi-Miao Temple market in Nanjing,etc.Traditionalcommercial streets have been set up not only in big cities.but also in some medium-sized and small cities.They are,of course,smaller in size and generally simpler.Some of the traditional commercial streets have been quite successful,while some have not produced good results.There has been a great argument among the Chinese planners and archi-tects on issues related to the traditional commercial street.Ⅰ,herewith,would like to express my view.     

Housing and Urban Development in the People''''s Republic of China(A Selected Bibliography 1980—1987)

INTRODUCTIN:This bibliography is the companionvolume to an earlier bibliography preparedfor HUD by Laurence J.C.Ma.That compi-lation,Cities and City Planning in the Peo-ple's Republic of China:An Annotated Bib-liography(1980),covered sources in Englishup to and including part of 1980.The pres-ent work begins with sources from 1980 andcontinues through the end of 1987.Empha-sis is on sources concerning post-liberationChina;however,some sources do include in-formation on conditions prior to 1949.Thebiblography is divided into three main sec-tions:(1)Housing,(2)Urban Planning andDesign,and(3)Urban Economic Develop-ment Trends and Policies.Altogether it con-tains 340 items.In a number of ways,this is a very per-     

Constitutive modeling for mechanical behaviors of geomaterials,new designs and techniques in geotechnical engineering

正This Special Issue of the Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)contains 13 papers prepared by international experts on various general topics in geomechanics,rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.It represents a useful mix of theoretical developments,testing and practical applications.     

Social Aspects of Beijing''''s Old and Dilapidated Housing Renewal——Beijing''''s Old and Dilapidated Housing Renewal(Part Ⅵ)

Ⅰ.Introduction Since the start of the program in 1990,Beijing＇s Oldand Dilapidated Housing Renewal has received considera-ble attention from all areas of society-from government of-ficials and professionals as well as ordinary citizens.The re-newal program has not only exerted a major impact on theold city areas of Beijing like the demolition of the old CityWall and the Pai Lou(Memorial Archways),but has alsobeen a sensitive issue related to housing problems whichmay affect hundreds of thousands of residents both in theold city and in other parts of Beijing.Furthermore,the pres-ervation of architectural relics and the historic core of Beij-ing Old City is now receiving more and more attention.Asa result,research on Beijing＇s housing renewal program in-volves a broad range of issues covering city development,housing construction and Old City preservation. The work of our group has involved lookingcomprehensively at all aspects of residential area renewal inold city areas-the economic,social and enviro     

The influence of Fe extracting as a filler of fiber concrete performance

This research is showing the effect of increasing an Fe extracting from the compression strength, tension and bending moment. The variations in this experiment are the increasing of Fe extracting 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of concrete volume. Water Cement Ratio （WCR） variation of 0.48, 0.56 and 0.60. The result of increasing 1.5% Fe extracting causes the increasing of tension strength 44.028 kN/cm2, the increasing of slit tension strength 2.226 kN/cm2, the increasing of bending moment 14.81 kN/cm2 from normal concrete. 0.48 WCR produces tension strength, slit tension strength and bending moment more than 0.56 and 0.60 WCR. The increasing of Fe extracting with the distribution variation area and the spread concrete in the tension concrete area produce 3.705 kN/cm2 bending moment higher than the spread fiber in all of concrete area. The 4 cm fiber length produces the higher bending moment than the 2 cm fiber length. The difference is equally 5.185 kN/cm2. The combination result of the examined acting varieties by continuation statistic test gives the result to get the maximum tension and split tensile. It is a concrete combination of increasing 1.5% fiber percentage, 0.48 WCR, full spreading area and the 4 cm fiber length. The maximum bending moment is the increasing of 0.5% fiber percentage, 0.48 WCR, full spreading area and the 4 cm fiber length.     

GPS monitoring and analysis of ground movement and deformation induced by transition from open-pit to underground mining

To trace the potential hazards of open-pit slope in Longshou mine,global positioning system(GPS) is applied to monitoring ground movement and deformation induced by transition from open-pit to underground mining.Through long-term monitoring from 2003 to 2008,huge amounts of data were acquired.Monitoring results show that large-scale ground movement and deformation have occurred in mining area,and the movement area is ellipse-shaped.The displacement boundary of settlement trough is 2.0 km long along the exploratory line,and 1.5 km long along the strike of ore body.GPS monitoring results basically agree with the practical deformation state of open-pit slope.It is indicated that the long-term GPS monitoring is an effective way to understand the mechanism of ground movement and deformation in mine area.     

传统村落地质灾害的“多尺度”分布特征及空间关联——以四川阿坝州为例

Identifying the types of disasters and analyzing the distribution pattern of and the spatial correlation between villages and disasters are important prerequisite for the disaster prevention and mitigation of traditional villages.Taking Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture as an example and using the tools of kernel density evaluation and spatial statistics,this paper analyzes the distribution pattern of and the spatial correlation between traditional villages and typical geological disasters on the three spatial scales of Aba Prefecture,village agglomeration area,and village administrative area with necessary explanations.It concludes that most of the traditional villages in Aba Prefecture agglomerate in the middle-and high-level alpine gorges and some are clustered at either the border area or the central hinterland of counties;with the increase of maximum seismic intensity and frequency of earthquakes,it appears there is an increase of traditional villages and their trend of agglomeration,which implies an overlap of the areas of dense traditional villages and high-density geological disasters,as well as the synchronous increase of traditional village density and geological disaster density;and the traditional villages in Aba Prefecture are affected by multiple disasters,in particular landslide and debris flow.Finally,the paper discusses the issue of disaster prevention and mitigation in the protection and development planning of traditional villages.