基于热释电红外传感器的多节点定位系统研究与设计

针对热释电红外传感器(PIR)在人体探测领域中越来越广泛的应用,研究设计了一种基于PIR的检测定位系统,可实时完成对人员目标入侵探测区域时的检测与定位,并预推出人员目标的行进轨迹;该系统由多个PIR感知节点组成,每个感知节点通过传感在动、静两种状态下对探测区域进行信息采集;最终融合多节点与不同状态下传感器采集的数据,算出各个传感器的探测角度值,以交叉定位的算法,得到目标的定位坐标;经实验证明,该系统运行稳定,检测灵敏,定位效果很好,拓宽了热释电传感器在定位定向方面的使用范围。     

基于增量符号相关的缺陷检测方法

传统的规格化互相关算法在计算机视觉领域中用得较多,但其运算速度不能满足实时检测要求.用基于增量符号相关的算法对两幅图像间的缺陷进行检测可有效地缓解规格化互相关算法计算量大的问题.通过图像像素值间的大小比较得到增量图像后,计算出增量符号相关值,将它显示为与相关值成正比的亮度值就得到了检测结果图像.实验证明该方法在图像有亮度或对比度变化时仍能正确地检测出缺陷位置.     

加快反投影算法重建PET图像的研究

对反投影的计算方法进行了改进,设计了一种能够提高反投影速度的方法。使用这种方法,对模型数据进行了重建,结果表明,这种方法对图像质量的影响很小。由于实际PET的投影数据中的噪声相对较大,并且,在滤波反投影算法中的重建滤波器对重建图像的高频噪声有某种放大作用,针对这个问题,利用临床PET数据,从投影数据预处理、利用窗函数控制噪声两个方面进行了研究。     

GPU多重纹理加速三维CT图像重建

三维锥束CT图像重建运算量大,纯软件（仅使用CPU）计算时间较长。为了充分利用计算机图形处理器（Graphic Process Unit,GPU）的并行处理能力以及提高数据传输效率,研究了一种结合使用GPU多重纹理（multitexture）加速三维锥束CT的FDK图像重建过程的方法。该方法采用多重纹理映射来提高反投影速度、减少中间数据存储量、减少浮点累加次数,使用顶点颜色通道来实现距离加权运算,采用扩展方法来增加并行反投影的纹理单元,从而提高重建速度。计算机实验结果表明,使用普通PC机重建尺寸为2563的图像,在保证数据精度为16 bit浮点数的要求下,GPU反投影计算可以在10 s以内完成。与仅使用CPU的重建方法相比,GPU重建图像加速方法达到了较高的时间加速比。     

Multi-Object Tracking in Video

This paper reports on tracking of multiple objects using color histogram backprojection and motion cues. Four tasks which facilitate this are discussed. The first is an adaptive color histogram backprojection (which builds upon the works of Swain and Ballard) and its application to tracking of multiple objects in video sequences. The second task is designing efficient fast blob detectors for selecting regions of interest in video sequences. The third is motion detection based on color histogram backprojection. Achieving these tasks led to multi-objects tracking. Various video sequences were used to demonstrate effective tracking of multiple objects. Notably, we created an interactive multiple objects tracker (CLICK-IT) which in its present form is set at three objects but can be extended easily. CLICK-IT (CSIRO Laboratory for Imaging by Content and Knowledge—Interactive Television) is a PC-based system which provides the user with an intelligent highlighter pen for sports action replay. It is intended as a truly interactive improvement on the drawing pad technology currently used for video annotation in sports broadcasting. The system uses computer vision techniques to focus attention and track particular objects (player(s), ball, horse(s), …) and semi-automatically annotate the dynamic scene. This paper describes the system including the user interface, the tracking technology based on color and motion information, and system performance evaluation in applications to surveillance-like sequences, running, rugby league football, basketball and soccer. Finally, video scene detection based on color histogram is discussed.     

基于FDK法的三维CT快速计算方法

在三维CT的图像重建过程中,单圆轨迹锥形束扫描是一种常用的方法,其算法普遍采用滤波反投影的形式(FBP)实现。由于滤波可以用FFT快速实现,因此反投影部分占据了计算的主要时间。论文提出同时从四个视角计算插值并作反投影累加,利用三角函数的周期性,减少传统算法中反投影阶段的乘法和正、余弦的计算次数,从而加快计算速度。分析和实验结果表明该方法对减少反投影计算所需的时间是行之有效的。     

Numerical integration of the radon transform on classesE s α in multiple (finite) dimensions

The reconstruction of functions from their projections calls for the (numerical) inversion of the Radon transform. Some of these methods, especially the filtered backprojection algorithms are of great importance in image reconstruction and also in computerized tomography. In this paper we consider a method for the reconstruction of sufficient smooth functions based on filtered backprojection by application of numbertheoretical numerical integration. For arbitrary finite dimensions we give a class of filter functions for the reconstruction and we establish error estimates and convergence rates for the numerical integration process. Further we present for the casess=2, 3 possible integration formulas for the filtered backprojection. Finally, we give some numerical reconstructions of the head phantom that confirm the theoretical results.     

Data-parallel tomographic reconstruction: A comparison of filtered backprojection and direct Fourier reconstruction

We consider the parallelization of two standard 2D reconstruction algorithms, filtered backprojection and direct Fourier reconstruction, using the data-parallel programming style. The algorithms are implemented on a Connection Machine CM-5 with 16 processors and a peak performance of 2 Gflop/s.     

扇束等距CT滤波反投影重建算法的研究

我们提出了一种快速的扇束等距CT滤波反投影重建算法.这种新算法是传统标准滤波反投影（FBP）重建算法的加速形式,主要通过减少投影数量然后重建子图象来实现.实验结果表明：对于一幅512x512图像,这种算法可以将重建过程加速40倍以上,并且不会引入明显的图像误差.     

Information driven localisation of a radiological point source

The paper presents an algorithm for detection and a subsequent information gain driven control of the observer for the purpose of parameter estimation of an unaccounted point source of relatively low-level gamma radiation. The source parameters to be estimated are its location and intensity. Source detection and parameter estimation are carried out jointly in the Bayesian framework using a particle filter. The observer motion and the radiation exposure time are controlled by the algorithm. Initially the observer control vectors take predefined values until the source is positively detected. After detection, the control vectors are selected sequentially for the purpose of reduction in the observation time and consequently the radiation exposure. The selection of control vectors is carried out via a multiple-step ahead maximisation of the Fisher information gain.     

适用于宽带和窄带照射源的无源合成孔径雷达成像方法

无源合成孔径雷达成像利用外部照射源和运动接收机对感兴趣场景进行成像,具有良好的电子对抗性,并可降低系统成本,利于系统小型化,缓解频带拥挤。本文给出基于逆散射理论和微局部分析的无源合成孔径成像统一理论,适用于沿任意轨迹运动的机载接收机和静止或运动的照射源。考虑发射两种发射波形：窄带连续波(Continuous-wave, CW)和宽带脉冲波形,相应给出两种新的无源合成孔径成像模式：针对宽带脉冲波形的合成孔径无源成像(Synthetic aperture hitchhiker, SAH)和针对单频或超窄带连续波的多普勒合成孔径无源成像(Doppler synthetic aperture hitchhiker, DSAH)。首先建立回波相关信号模型,该模型可消除与发射机相关的相位项,然后利用滤波反投影理论和微局部分析对相关回波数据进行反演,对应SAH和DSAH这两种无源模式,分别将相关回波数据反投影到无源距离和无源多普勒等值线上,给出详细的分辨率分析。最后通过仿真实验对成像方法进行验证。     

A Robust Missing Data-Recovering Technique for Mobility Data Mining

Based on location information, users’ mobility profile building is the main task for making different useful systems such as early warning system, next destination and route prediction, tourist guide, mobile users’ behavior-aware applications, and potential friend recommendation. For mobility profile building, frequent trajectory patterns are required. The trajectory building is based on significant location extraction and the user’s actual movement prediction. Previous works have focused on significant places extraction without considering the change in GSM (global system for mobile communication) network and is based on complete data analysis. Since network operators change the GSM network periodically, there are possibilities of missing values and outliers. These missing values and outliers must be addressed to ensure actual mobility and for the efficient extraction of significant places, which are the basis for users’ trajectory building. In this paper, we propose a methodology to convert geo-coordinates into semantic tags and we also purposed a clustering methodology for recovering missing values and outlier detection. Experimental results prove the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于环境要素的枯水期水上桥梁目标的定位方法

针对以往水上桥梁检测精度不高,尤其当河水处于枯水期时检测结果依赖检测窗口的选择,以及水上桥梁下方存在湖心岛时桥梁容易被错检等问题,提出基于环境要素提取的高分辨遥感图像中枯水期水上桥梁目标的定位方法。该方法通过提取与目标密切相关的水域、桥体、阴影等环境要素,在桥梁知识模型指导下,经过目标检测、目标定位和描述过程精确定位描述目标。以实际高分辨率遥感图像为例,对该方法进行实验验证,结果表明该方法有效提高了定位检测精度。     

基于环境要素提取的水上桥梁的定位方法

从高分辨率卫星图像中高效、准确地自动定位描述桥梁目标具有重要的应用价值。本文针对以往检测精度不高,尤其当河水处于枯水期时检测结果依赖检测窗口的选择等问题,从水域提取出发,在桥梁知识模型指导下,经过目标检测和目标定位过程精确定位描述目标。首次引入桥梁阴影特征,通过对它的提取辅助桥梁目标的检测。提取与目标密切相关的环境要素,提出基于环境要素提取的高分辨遥感图像中水上桥梁目标的定位方法,经过环境要素的联合特征提取和知识规则验证,实验验证本文方法提高了定位检测精度。尤其当河水处于枯水期,本文的检测方法优势尤为明显。以实际高分辨率遥感图像为例,实验结果证实了本文方法的有效性。     

移动自组网络中的入侵节点判别

提出并实现了一种移动节点入侵判别,该方法依据入侵之间的事件检测序列关联关系,运用图论和邻接矩阵的方法求出根入侵集,由入侵相关性确定源入侵节点,有效地起到入侵过滤的功能。经实验证明,该方法具有很强的实效性。     

一种图像测量中标定参照物的快速定位方法

提出一种在图像测量中标定参照模板的自动快速定位方法，该方法采用粗检测与精定位相结合的二步策略，首先在下采样的增强图像中借助形态学与连通分量标记等算法检测可能的模板区域，然后利用感兴趣区域的直方图特性分析和角点检测算法确认真正的模板区域并给出精确的定位信息，实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Plume mapping via hidden Markov methods

This paper addresses the problem of mapping likely locations of a chemical source using an autonomous vehicle operating in a fluid flow. The paper reviews biological plume-tracing concepts, reviews previous strategies for vehicle-based plume tracing, and presents a new plume mapping approach based on hidden Markov methods (HMM). HMM provide efficient algorithms for predicting the likelihood of odor detection versus position, the likelihood of source location versus position, the most likely path taken by the odor to a given location, and the path between two points most likely to result in odor detection. All four are useful for solving the odor source localization problem using an autonomous vehicle. The vehicle is assumed to be capable of detecting above threshold chemical concentration and sensing the fluid flow velocity at the vehicle location. The fluid flow is assumed to vary with space and time, and to have a high Reynolds number (Re>10).     

基于改进部分卷积的瑕疵布匹图像生成算法

针对工业生产中布匹瑕疵自动化检测模型训练时缺少带瑕疵位置信息的瑕疵布匹图像数据集的问题, 本文提出了一种以改进的部分卷积网络作为基本框架的带瑕疵位置信息的瑕疵布匹图像生成模型EC-PConv. 该模型引入小尺寸瑕疵特征提取网络, 将提取出的瑕疵纹理特征与空白mask拼接起来形成带有位置信息和瑕疵纹理特征的mask, 然后以修复方式生成带有瑕疵位置信息的瑕疵布匹图像, 另外, 本文提出一种结合MSE损失的混合损失函数以生成更加清晰的瑕疵纹理. 实验结果表明, 与最新的GAN生成模型相比, 本文提出的生成模型的FID值降低了0.51; 生成的瑕疵布匹图像在布匹瑕疵检测模型中查准率P和MAP值分别提高了0.118和0.106. 实验结果表明, 该方法在瑕疵布匹图像生成上比其他算法更稳定, 能够生成更高质量的带瑕疵位置信息的瑕疵布匹图像, 可较好地解决布匹瑕疵自动化检测模型缺少训练数据集的问题.     

基于位置预测的认知车联网协作频谱感知算法

针对认知车联网中由地形起伏或密集城市结构而引起的频谱感知性能低、延时大等问题,提出了一种基于位置预测的协作频谱感知算法。首先,采用能量检测法进行本地频谱感知,通过将次用户接收到的信号能量大小和预先设定的阈值进行比较,初步判定频谱是否被主用户占用。然后,利用认知车联网中车辆位置预测技术,计算车辆位置和信道状态信息,并据此设置置信值,删除置信值低的次用户。最后,在融合中心采用加入置信值的似然比融合规则得到最终判决结果。仿真结果表明,与传统算法相比,所提算法能有效提高频谱感知性能并缩短感知时间,尤其适用于对实时性要求较高的车联网系统。     

雷达探测系统中目标位置和幅相信息量研究

针对一般的雷达目标探测系统,建立了目标探测信息的理论模型,即采用香农信息论的思想和方法研究雷达探测过程中获得的关于目标的位置信息量和幅相信息量。该模型中,针对单目标检测,假设目标在观察区间内服从均匀分布,而散射系数分为常数和服从瑞利分布两种情形,推导出目标的位置信息和幅相相位信息的闭合表达式。在高信噪比条件下,获得了散射系数为常数情况下目标位置信息的解析表达式和克拉美罗界（Cramér-Rao bound,CRB）。理论分析表明,目标的位置信息量与雷达探测系统的时间带宽积（Time-bandwidth product,TBP）和信噪比（Signal to noise,SNR）的对数成线性关系。仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性,并给出了雷达目标探测的两个重要阶段：目标捕获阶段和目标跟踪阶段。本文的研究工作对实际雷达探测系统设计具有重要的理论指导意义。