陶粒砂与硅砂在3D打印砂型中的性能对比研究

对比研究了陶粒砂与硅砂在3D打印铸造砂型中的性能,试验采用铸造3D打印机分别以陶粒砂和硅砂打印砂型,并用打印出的柴油机缸盖和机床床身砂型浇注铸件,对比结果显示:(1)采用3D打印机同参数打印的砂芯,陶粒砂砂芯抗压强度较硅砂砂芯高出18%,紧实度也高于硅砂,透气性高出25%;(2)陶粒砂砂芯浇注的柴油机缸盖铸件无粘砂和脉状纹缺陷,合格率高于硅砂浇注的铸件;(3)对于较大的机床铸件,陶粒砂铸件相比硅砂铸件存在较多的机械粘砂缺陷,但清理较为容易,陶粒砂因膨胀系数低,铸件内腔不易产生脉状纹缺陷;(4)陶粒砂的再生率为99.25%,较硅砂94.36%的再生率存在明显优势。     

铸造用砂的选择及砂资源的再利用

根据<铸造用硅砂>标准提出了硅砂选用的几个原则:根据铸件合金种类选择硅砂的w(siO2)量、根据铸件大小选择硅砂的粒度、根据粘结剂种类和工艺特点决定硅砂的其它要求;长期研究认为福建海砂具有w(SiO2)量高、粒度品种齐全、含泥量和酸耗值低、表面光洁、粒形较好的性能特点,铸造企业在选用福建海砂时应遵循上述原则;指出硅砂的循环应用是合理利用资源,实现铸造可持续发展的途径.     

漫谈湿砂型铸件表面缺陷

与其它铸造方法相比，湿型铸件是较容易产生粘砂、砂孔、夹砂、气孔等缺陷的。如果铸造工厂注意控制湿型砂的品质，这些缺陷本来是有可能减少或避免。以下用实例说明型砂性能与铸件表面缺陷的关系。     

树脂砂用主要原材料性能及检测方法(2)

1.1.3树脂砂用硅砂的粒度及平均细度 1.1.3.1原砂的粒度 铸造用砂中用作型(芯)砂的原砂粒度应视铸件大小、材料成分、质量要求和工艺等条件而定,不宜太粗、也不宜太细.原砂的粒度对型(芯)砂的性能及铸件质量有较大影响,尤其在湿型砂以及某些使用化学粘结剂(如树脂砂、水玻璃砂等)的型(芯)砂中,浇铸铸件的金属液常与砂型(芯)的工作表面直接接触,为获取表面质量优良的铸件要求原砂的粒度宜偏细,才能有助获得轮廓清晰、尺寸精确、表面光洁的铸件;不过,也不宜太细,因为原砂太细,型(芯)砂的透气性很差、耐火度也低,铸件易产生气孔、粘砂等铸造缺陷.     

铸造生产中硅砂的选用

介绍了硅砂的膨胀相变特性及其与各种铸造缺陷的关系。叙述了铸造用硅砂的物化性能要求,包括SiO2含量、粒度分布、表面形貌、表面洁净度等。说明了不同用途的原砂的选用原则:包括铸钢用砂,铸铁用砂,铸铜、铸铝用砂,V法用砂,消失模及实型用砂,树脂自硬砂,覆膜砂用砂等。最后指出,铸造用砂应根据铸件种类、铸件大小、铸型类别、工厂生产条件,就近合理选用原砂;人造硅砂易破碎、复用性差,除一次性用砂的水玻璃型和厚大铸件使用外,尽量慎用。     

论砂

砂型铸造中的多种铸造缺陷,如粘砂、砂眼、起皮、脉纹、橘皮、气孔、裂纹、变形等均与硅砂有关,笔者指出,采用高温焙烧硅砂不但可以避免以上铸造缺陷的产生,还可以减少对环境的污染.     

控制磷含量改善铸铁件粘砂

纺织机械的绝大部分铸件生产采用湿型铸造方法，对铸件的表面质量要求较高。机械粘砂是生产中的一种常见缺陷，它主要出现在铸件的厚壁部分和转角等热节部位，甚至整个铸件表面，铸件清理的难度和工作量大，甚至造成铸件报废。产生机械粘砂的主要原因是型砂性能波动，流动性降低及有效煤粉含量少。在采用循环砂处理系统的铸件大批量生产中，机械粘砂缺陷往往不能在短时间内制止和消除。我们进行了一系列提高铸件中磷含量的试验，以解决铸件粘砂问题。生产实践证明，适当地提高铸铁件的磷含量，有助于其抗粘砂能力的提高。使用低流动性型砂和…     

钠基膨润土在亨特线及手工造型中的应用

粘土湿型砂工艺因其生产成本低,效率高,目前在造型工艺中占有重要地位.型砂质量的好坏直接影响铸件的外表质量及铸件产生砂眼、气孔、夹砂等铸造缺陷.影响湿型砂铸件表面质量的因素中, 型砂的性能是极其重要的.型砂性能的好坏与型砂原材料的选用有较大关系,我公司多年来一直使用钙基膨润土,其使用情况及性能指标见表1、表2, 由于机械化造型程度对型砂性能要求的提高,对铸造原材料要求更加严格,特别是膨润土的选择非常重要.     

湿型铸造型砂质量管理与控制

为提高湿型铸造的铸件质量,控制产生气孔、粘砂、夹砂等铸造缺陷,必须严格管理与控制型砂质量,做到从原材料选择、型砂混制、性能检测与控制到型砂性能综合分析等各环节把关。     

高性能人造球形砂的开发与应用

硅砂在应用中存在耐火度低、热膨胀量大等影响铸件质量的问题.非石英质原砂,具有耐火度高、膨胀系数低等优点,但其资源稀少、价格高,增加了铸件的成本,易与某些特殊成分的金属液发生化学反应,造成铸件缺陷,应用具有局限性.文中介绍了近年来开发出的几种具有耐火度高、热膨胀量小等优点的新型铸造用人造球形砂,以及在厚大件、铸钢件、制芯及覆膜砂生产中的应用情况.并对人造球形砂的国内外发展情况以及发展趋势进行了综合评述.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.