食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的预测模型及风险评估

大肠杆菌O157:H7是严重危害人类健康的肠道致病菌,感染剂量极低,低达10个菌体。由该菌引起的食物中毒十分凶险,引起世界各国的重视。该菌引起的感染主要通过食品传播,因此加强食品卫生管理,防止食源性感染和流行尤为迫切。本文就大肠杆菌O157:H7在食品中的预测模型以及风险评估进行了概述。      

食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的预测模型及风险评估

大肠杆菌O157:H7是严重危害人类健康的肠道致病菌,感染剂量极低,低达10个菌体。由该菌引起的食物中毒十分凶险,引起世界各国的重视。该菌引起的感染主要通过食品传播,因此加强食品卫生管理,防止食源性感染和流行尤为迫切。本文就大肠杆菌O157:H7在食品中的预测模型以及风险评估进行了概述。     

食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7控制新技术研究进展

论述了杀菌剂清洗技术、高压脉冲电场技术、高密度CO2技术、超高压技术和辐照技术等新技术的原理及其在控制食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7应用方面的研究进展。展望了未来该研究领域的发展趋势。     

生物传感器检测食源性大肠杆菌O157:H7研究新进展

近年来, 生物传感器因具有快速、简便、灵敏度高、低成本等优势被广泛应用到临床检测、环境监测等领域。该技术在食品安全领域也逐步得到重视, 尤其在病原微生物的快速检测方面。本文从免疫识别和核酸识别两方面简要介绍生物传感器技术检测食源性大肠杆菌O157:H7研究的最新进展, 对生物传感器技术存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行了总结及展望。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7胶体金试纸条的研制

采用胶体金标记抗大肠杆菌O157:H7 单克隆抗体(鼠源),通过将大肠杆菌O157:H7 多克隆抗体和驴抗鼠抗体(二抗)喷涂于硝酸纤维素膜分别作为检测线和质控线,研制大肠杆菌O157:H7 胶体金快速检测试纸条。通过优化实验,确定最佳条件为标记量16.8μg/mL、标记pH8.0、封闭剂PEG20000、检测时样品最佳pH7.0～7.5。对26 株常见细菌交叉反应结果表明,该试纸条除与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC 13311 和金黄色葡萄球菌CMCC 26003 有轻微交叉反应外,与其他24 株菌均无交叉反应。该试纸条灵敏度为104CFU/mL。用该试纸条检测大肠杆菌O157:H7操作简便、快捷、灵敏度高、特异性强。     

大肠杆菌O157:H7及其在食品中的检测

大肠杆菌O15 7:H7是一种感染剂量小 (10个活菌 ) ,危害性很大的致病菌。近年 ,在世界各地屡次发生大肠杆菌O15 7:H7的感染事件。因此 ,在食品卫生和安全领域 ,对大肠杆菌O15 7:H7致病机理、生物学特性、检测方法、预防和控制已成为研究热点。作者对大肠杆菌O15 7:H7的致病性、生化特性、检测方法及其在食品中出现的情况作了系统的介绍     

超高压对大肠杆菌O157:H7细胞膜的损伤效应

本研究旨在揭示超高压对食源性致病微生物大肠杆菌O157:H7细胞膜的损伤。研究了200、400、500 MPa不同压力对大肠杆菌O157:H7的灭活作用,通过对菌体细胞核酸类物质、钾离子和镁离子泄漏量、碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)摄入量、细胞膜Na+/K+-ATP酶和Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性变化的分析研究,评价不同超高压处理压力对大肠杆菌O157:H7膜损伤效应。结果表明,经200、400 MPa压力处理5 min后,大肠杆菌O157:H7菌落总数由初始8.8(lg(CFU/m L))分别下降至8.2(lg(CFU/m L))和6.3(lg(CFU/m L)),500 MPa压力处理后,大肠杆菌O157:H7全部死亡。压力升高,细菌细胞内核酸类物质、K+、Mg~(2+)离子泄漏量、PI摄入量均显著增加,细胞膜上Na+/K+-ATP酶和Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性显著降低。Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP酶对压力的敏感性更强,500 MPa处理组该酶活性几乎完全丧失。超高压处理引起大肠杆菌O157:H7细胞膜产生显著损伤,细胞膜上Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)-ATP酶的失活是导致大肠杆菌O157:H7死亡的主要原因。     

食源性致病菌大肠杆菌O157:H7检测方法的研究进展

食源性致病菌是引起食物中毒的重要病原微生物,严重威胁人类健康,对食源性致病菌进行快速、准确的鉴定检测,是预防和控制致病菌的有效方法,而大肠杆菌O157:H7因其感染剂量低,致病性强,引起公众的广泛关注。本文综述了目前用于检测食源性致病菌大肠杆菌O157:H7的主要方法,包括细菌分离法,免疫学检测方法,分子生物学检测方法,并简单介绍了这些方法的优缺点,以期为检测大肠杆菌O157:H7时提供参考。     

侧流层析技术在大肠杆菌O157:H7检测中的应用

大肠杆菌O157:H7作为一种常见的食源性致病菌,在低感染剂量下即可导致人类患严重疾病。侧流层析技术（LFCA）由于其具有高效分离的特性,能够满足食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的快速检测需求。然而,目前广泛应用的LFCA方法,信号强度较弱,检测灵敏度较低,难以实现样本中低浓度大肠杆菌O157:H7的检出。因此,本文重点整理了近年来出现的新型侧流层析技术,围绕检测效率、灵敏度进行了系统性归纳,比较各方法的优势与短板,为大肠杆菌O157:H7侧流层析检测技术的发展提供重要结论性指导。     

PCR 法检测食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7

对大肠杆菌O157:H7 型菌株的各毒力基因及基因组中的特异序列进行了设计和比对,确定292bp 的检测引物。常规定性PCR 和实时定量PCR 证明该引物特异性强。模拟样品的前增菌实验结果表明本方法可以在原样品活菌浓度约2.0CFU/mL 时通过16h 增菌后检测出来,总的检测时间可以控制在24h 内。本实验建立的PCR 方法可用于食品中大肠杆菌O157:H7 的快速测定。     

Development of Predictive Models for the Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Cabbage in Korea

Abstract: Cabbage is the main material of coleslaw, a popular side dish in Korea as well as many other countries. In the present study, the combined effect of temperature (15, 25, and 35 °C) and relative humidity (60%, 70%, and 80%) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cabbage was investigated. The polynomial models for growth rate (GR), lag time (LT), and maximum population density (MPD) estimated from the Baranyi model were conducted with high coefficients of determination (R²> 0.98). Subsequently, performance and reliability of the models were assessed through external validation, employing three indices as bias factor (B_f), accuracy factor (A_f), and the standard error of prediction expressed in percentage (%SEP). The B_f, A_f, and %SEP values of the predictive models for GR were 1.008, 1.127 and 18.70%, while 1.033, 1.187 and 20.79% for LT and 0.960, 1.044 and 5.22% for MPD, respectively. The results demonstrated that the developed secondary models showed a good agreement between the observed and predicted values. Therefore, the established models can be suitable to estimate and control E. coli O157:H7 growth risk on cabbage at some steps from farm to table in Korea as a valuable tool. Practical Application: The combined effect of temperature and relative humidity on the growth or survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cabbage was investigated. The validated predictive models are qualified to provide good predictions for E. coli O157:H7 growth, which can help to conduct the quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) of E. coli O157:H7 on cabbage from farm to table in Korea.     

Escherichia coli O157: H7 Growth in Laboratory Media as Affected by Phenolic Antioxidants

Five strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with ATCC 11775 E. coli were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth (pH 5.8, adjusted with citric acid) and treated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hy-droxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and propyl gallate (PG) individually or combined. Additives ranged from 100–400 ppm with inocula levels between 5 and 104 CFU/mL in tissue culture plates or in flasks; samples were incubated at 4°C or 37°C for 24 hr. Additive antimicrobial efficacy varied with inoculum level and incubation temperature. BHA at <200 ppm was bactericidal on all strains. Poly-hydroxyl additives (TBHQ, PG) were less effective at 4°C. BHA-BHT combinations were synergistic at 4°C.     

大肠杆菌O157:H7快速培养的初步研究

本研究将Oxyrase酶加入到接种了大肠杆菌O157:H7的培养基中以促进这种兼性厌氧微生物的生长。与不加Oxyrase酶的对照组相比,添加了Oxyrase酶的培养基中的大肠杆菌O157:H7的浓度明显提高。实验结果表明,Oxyrase酶在大肠杆菌O157:H7 快速培养中具有潜在的利用价值。     

抗大肠杆菌O157:H7的卵黄特异性IgY的研究

以大肠杆菌O157:H7为抗原免疫产蛋母鸡,从鸡卵黄中提取免疫球蛋白,建立抗大肠杆菌O157:H7的特异性IgY的效价检测方法,并研究母鸡的免疫应答性,以及抗体的提取方法和体外抑菌效果.研究结果表明,初次免疫后第6d,在卵黄中可以检测到抗大肠杆菌O157:H7 IgY,效价为1:7200;经加强免疫后效价迅速上升,至第44d达到最高效价1:230400;免疫后360 d,效价仍维持在1:7200.用水稀释法、硫酸铵分级盐析和Sephadex G-25凝胶过滤以提取IgY,提纯后IgY的效价是之前的4倍.SDS-PAGE鉴定抗体的纯度,电泳图谱中出现抗体的轻链和重链两条带.体外抑菌实验表明,IgY能抑制大肠杆菌O157:H7的生长.     

大肠杆菌O157:H7量子点免疫层析试纸条的研制

研制一种大肠杆菌O157:H7量子点免疫层析试纸。利用自制水溶性量子点静电偶联大肠杆菌O157:H7单克隆抗体,将大肠杆菌O157:H7单克隆抗体和羊抗兔二抗划线于硝酸纤维素膜分别作为检测线和质控线,制备双抗体夹心法检测大肠杆菌O157:H7的量子点免疫层析试纸。该试纸条能在5min内完成检测,检测限制为1×104 CFU/mL,对常见的8种食源菌无交叉反应。基于量子点的大肠杆菌O157:H7免疫层析试纸操作简便,灵敏度和特异性较好,可用于食品快速检测。     

Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat product brines containing antimicrobials

Brine solution injection of beef contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 on its surface may lead to internalization of pathogen cells and/or cross-contamination of the brine, which when recirculated, may serve as a source of new product contamination. This study evaluated survival of E. coli O157:H7 in brines formulated without or with antimicrobials. The brines were formulated in sterile distilled water (simulating the composition of freshly prepared brines) or in a nonsterile 3% meat homogenate (simulating the composition of recirculating brines) at concentrations used to moisture-enhance meat to 110% of initial weight, as follows: sodium chloride (NaCl, 5.5%) + sodium tripolyphosphate (STP, 2.75%), NaCl + sodium pyrophosphate (2.75%), or NaCl + STP combined with potassium lactate (PL, 22%), sodium diacetate (SD, 1.65%), PL + SD, lactic acid (3.3%), acetic acid (3.3%), citric acid (3.3%), nisin (0.0165%) + ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA, 200 mM), pediocin (11000 AU/mL) + EDTA, sodium metasilicate (2.2%), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, 5.5%), or hops beta acids (0.0055%). The brines were inoculated (3 to 4 log CFU/mL) with rifampicin-resistant E. coli O157:H7 (8-strain composite) and stored at 4 or 15 °C (24 to 48 h). Immediate (0 h) pathogen reductions (P < 0.05) of 1.8 to ≥ 2.4 log CFU/mL were observed in brines containing CPC or sodium metasilicate. Furthermore, brines formulated with lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, nisin + EDTA, pediocin + EDTA, CPC, sodium metasilicate, or hops beta acids had reductions (P < 0.05) in pathogen levels during storage; however, the extent of pathogen reduction (0.4 to > 2.4 log CFU/mL) depended on the antimicrobial, brine type, and storage temperature and time. These data should be useful in development or improvement of brine formulations for control of E. coli O157:H7 in moisture-enhanced meat products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Results of this study should be useful to the meat industry for developing or modifying brine formulations to reduce the risk of E. coli O157:H7 in moisture-enhanced meat products.