磁州窑鉴赏与收藏

磁州窑创建于宋代，以磁石制胚烧制瓷器而得名。它的器形以盘、碗、罐、瓶为主，兼有瓷枕和玩具。胎质有两种：一种质较坚细呈灰白色，一种质粗松呈红褐色；釉色则为白中微带黄，上有黑、褐花纹，里面多数不挂釉。绘制花纹的方法有绘花、     

钧瓷玉青釉:青瓷工艺的划时代创造

钧瓷玉青釉是当代中国钧瓷工匠在传统钧瓷工艺研制基础上、适应当代人生活方式独有的划时代工艺技术创造,是钧窑史乃至中国陶瓷史上继钧瓷铁系青蓝釉、铜红釉之后的又一次釉质、釉色的历史性、革命性创造,极大开创了钧瓷工艺的美学空间。钧瓷玉青釉属于无光釉范畴,以温润如玉、沉静清雅的质感而著称,主要用于茶文化器物的烧制。钧瓷玉青釉分为两种:一种釉色泛黄,称之为"钧瓷玉青釉偏黄釉";一种釉色泛青,称之为"钧瓷玉青釉偏青釉"。钧瓷玉青釉主要主要运用于钧瓷茶文化器物研制,如茶杯、茶盅、茶碗、茶盏、茶缸、茶瓯、小茶缸等茶器,中原壶、玉兰壶、石瓢壶、西施壶等钧壶,扁杯台、扁壶台以及汉砖形式茶枕等茶台,也用于笔洗、文房四宝等等文人用器的研烧。     

论唐宋时代陶瓷花鸟装饰（三）

论唐宋时代陶瓷花鸟装饰（三）孔六庆（南京艺术学院·２１００１３）４陶瓷材质艺术语言之运用与三国两晋南北朝陶瓷材料普遍使用青瓷青釉相比，唐宋时代陶瓷材料要丰富得多。唐代瓷质有高度成熟的青瓷和白瓷。釉色上，除了青釉和白釉外，还开辟了黄釉、褐釉、绿釉...     

滑石质胎青瓷釉的研究

本文研制了滑石质胎青釉瓷。对各种氧化物尤其是一价碱金属氧化物和二价碱土金属氧化物对青釉呈色的影响,找到了规律。从而配制了含铁的长石—滑石—碳酸钡质青釉,跳出了石灰质青釉的框框,使青釉呈色更为鲜艳青翠。探明了水蒸汽在青瓷还原烧成过程中具有强烈氧化脱碳和还原双重作用。因此,烧制青瓷单独通入水蒸汽或采用水蒸汽雾化喷咀,对青釉色调具有十分有益的作用。滑石质胎青釉瓷与传统青瓷风格不同,胎白透明,釉色明快淡雅,由于具有良好的物理机械性能,可以制作日用餐具。     

广州旧铸管厂地块南越国至南朝墓葬出土带釉器的科技分析

以广州旧铸管厂地块出土的19个南越及东汉带釉器物样品与三国东晋南朝的8个青釉瓷样品为研究对象,通过化学成分、物相、烧成温度等方面的检测分析,获得以下认识:样品中带釉器物应为原始瓷;原始瓷与青釉瓷的胎化学组成差别不大,均在1100℃以上烧制且未烧结,但是原始瓷多施碱钙釉,青釉瓷为钙釉。     

青瓷的装饰艺术

瓷器是我国人民的发明之一。它出现于东汉时期，距今已有一千八百余年的历史。商代原始青瓷的出现，经过了漫长的由低级向高级发展的过渡阶段，最后进入东汉时期，我国才烧制出胎质比较纯净、釉色青黄、厚薄均匀、烧结较好的成熟青瓷。青瓷在我国陶瓷发展的历史上占有十分重要的地位。 青瓷的最早装饰手法也许就是刻划花，一直沿用至今。利用青釉的透明性以刻、划、印、镂孔等手……     

千峰翠色——介绍浙江青瓷

一、夺得千峰翠色来浙江是我国青瓷的发源地。早在春秋战国时期,浙江肖山的进化区和绍兴的富盛区就已经生产大批的黄绿色釉或青釉的碗、豆、杯、鼎、盘、盂等原始青瓷器皿。二千四百年前,浙江首创以龙窑来烧制高温釉陶(1200℃),这是古陶瓷技术的一次飞     

中温原矿梅子青釉的研制

本文通过引入龙泉当地铁含量高于10%的紫金土作为着色剂,在1210~1230℃还原气氛下,烧制出青翠、莹润的梅子青釉。本文分析了釉中石灰石、紫金土含量、钾长石及石英含量对釉面效果的影响。研究结果表明:当釉中黄石玄釉土含量为28.2%、石灰石含量为19.4%、紫金土含量为13.6%、钾长石含量为23.3%、石英含量为13.6%、烧滑石含量为1.9%时,可获得较好的中温原矿梅子青釉的效果。     

中国铜红釉技术发展历程探索

铜红釉是以含铜物质为着色剂,在还原条件下烧制出的红色釉,彻底改变了以往青釉类瓷器的单色格局。铜红釉在不同时代根据当时的技术发展出了不同的种类,主要包括钧红、祭红、郞窑红等。本文根据铜红釉在各个时代不同的技术梳理其发展脉络,并对其特征进行阐述。     

外加碳酸钡对龙泉窑梅子青釉性状影响之研究

以龙泉窑梅子青釉为基础,逐步外加碳酸钡配制7种釉,分别施于龙泉窑白胎和铁胎上进行氧化气氛和还原气氛烧制实验,通过观察釉的成熟度、玻化程度、平滑度、光泽度、透明度、气泡、裂纹、晶体分布、呈色等性状变化情况并结合相图,推论出外加氧化钡对釉的始熔温度、高温粘度、热膨胀系数、析晶和光学等性能的影响规律。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.