TiO2反opal球形光子晶体颗粒的制备

联合萃取辅助微乳液法和液相沉积技术成功制备了TiO_2反opal球形光子晶体颗粒。首先用萃取辅助微乳液法合成PS opal球形光子晶体颗粒作为模板颗粒,然后利用液相沉积技术在模板颗粒空隙填充TiO_2,去除模板得其TiO_2反opal结构。样品的SEM图像和反射光谱结果显示,光子晶体颗粒球形度好,组装质量较高,微观结构排列有序;反射峰狭窄陡峭,反射强度较高。     

等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备锗反蛋白石三维光子晶体

采用溶剂蒸发对流自组装法将单分散二氧化硅(SiO2)微球组装形成三维有序胶体晶体模板,以锗烷(GeH4)为先驱体气用等离子增强化学气相沉积法在350℃填充高折射率材料锗.获得了锗反蛋白石光子晶体.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对锗反蛋白石的形貌、成分、结构进行了表征.结果表明:锗在SiO2微球空隙内填充均匀,得到的锗为多晶态.锗反蛋白石光子晶体为三维有序多孔结构.等离子体增强化学气相沉积的潜在优势在于可实现材料的低温填充,从而以高分子材料为模板进行复型,得到多种结构的三维光子晶体.     

单分散胶体颗粒的有序组装及其应用研究进展

本文综述了近1～2年来课题组在单分散胶体微球有序组装及其应用方面的研究进展.其中包括250～1300 nm宽尺寸范围单分散二氧化硅胶体微球的重力沉降自组织;旨在提高光子晶体折射率反差的TiO2/SiO2复合胶体微球的有序组装;硬模板与催化材料一步复合的二元胶体体系颗粒的有序自组装;一种高效的聚苯乙烯胶体颗粒的批量组装技术;低体积分数聚苯乙烯胶体晶体的制备;以及聚苯乙烯胶粒晶体作为可调谐三维非线性光子晶体在高开关对比的光子晶体光开关方面的应用,和作为制备有序大孔材料硬模板在大分子催化方面的应用等.     

单分散SiO2/Ag/SiO2核壳结构微球制备及自组装光子晶体

应用湿化学方法,在SiO2微球表面先后包覆5 nm银层、20 nm SiO2介质膜,制备了直径约300 nm的单分散SiO2/Ag/SiO2核壳结构微球.用提拉技术实现微球的自组装,获得了长程有序的面心立方结构排列的光子晶体,并研究了其光学性能.结果表明:在可见至近红外波段存在非完全光子带隙;SiO2/Ag/SiO2球体自组装成的光子晶体并非完全密堆排列.     

油性介质中组装二氧化硅胶体晶体薄膜

报道厂一种由粒径大于700nm的SiO2微球组装胶体晶体薄膜的方法。以一种密度较大的疏水性有机物替代水或醇类为分散剂,通过对SiO2微球表面进行疏水性处理改善其在油性介质中的分散性,采用改进的垂直沉积法在油性分散剂中制备SiO2胶体晶体。用扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和紫外－可见光谱仪对SiO2胶体晶体薄膜的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了观察测试。结果表明;较大密度的分散剂能有效降低SiO2微球的沉降速度,组装成直径在700～2000nm范围的SiO2微球的胶体晶体。获得的SiO2光子晶体具有长程有序结构,并在近红外区具有显著的光子频率带隙。     

InP-SiO2三维光子晶体的制备

用溶剂蒸发法将单分散SiO2微球组装成三维有序结构的胶体晶体,用金属有机化学气相沉积技术向SiO2胶体晶体中填充高折射率材料InP,获得了InP-SiO2两种介质复合的三维光子晶体,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、能谱和紫外-可见光谱仪对InP-SiO2三维光子晶体的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了观察测试。研究结果表明：InP在SiO2微球空隙间具有较高的结晶质量,填充较致密均匀、与相同晶格周期的SiO2光子晶体相比,InP-SiO2光子晶体的反射光谱的峰值波长发生明显的红移。     

光子晶体及SiO2光子晶体的制备技术

光子晶体是一种具有光子带隙的周期性电介质结构,落在光子带隙中的光将不能传播。由于其独特的调节光子传播状态的功能,成为实现光通讯和光子计算机的基础。SiO2胶体球作为胶体光子晶体的组成基元,具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了光子晶体的概念、特征与应用领域,以及SiO2光子晶体的制备技术。     

改性二氧化硅微球的制备及其光子晶体自组装

为提高SiO2微球的表面电荷密度,通过改进Stober法,引入金属Na,合成SiO2微球,并采用垂直沉积法制备出光子晶体.通过Zeta电位粒度仪、带EDS能谱仪的场发射、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪对其电学性能、显微形貌和光学性能进行测试分析.Zeta电位测试结果显示改性SiO2微球的Zeta电位平均提高13.44 mV;EDS能谱分析表明微球中含有钠元素;SEM照片表明样品平均粒径为318 nm,平均标准偏差小于5%,所得光子晶体为面心立方密排结构;吸收光谱表明在692 nm处具有光子晶体带隙.     

有序大孔二氧化硅微球的制备研究

采用乳液聚合法合成了单分散改性聚苯乙烯（PS）乳胶粒,利用PS乳胶粒自组装制得胶体晶体（“蛋白石”）微球,通过溶胶-凝胶模板法制备了有序大孔SiO2（“反蛋白石”）微球,通过SEM对改性PS乳胶粒、胶体晶体微球和有序大孔SiO2微球表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明,改性PS乳胶粒呈单分散性,粒径为317 nm;胶体晶体微球表面PS乳胶粒排列有序;有序大孔SiO2微球表面呈有序多孔,其孔呈六边形,孔径分布均一,约为200 nm。     

SiO_2 Opal光子晶体结构周期数对TiO_2染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

通过在N719敏化的纳米晶二氧化钛膜上耦合SiO_2 Opal光子晶体,以此复合膜为光阳极,以敏化二氧化钛与无序SiO_2的复合膜为参比膜,考察了SiO_2 Opal光子晶体结构周期数对电池光电性能的影响。SiO_2 Opal光子晶体的结构周期数由制备光子晶体时的沉积液浓度控制。实验结果表明复合光子晶体后,电池的短路电流密度ISC和能量转化效率Eff明显提高,且光子晶体周期数越多,提高率越大,当SiO_2 Opal结构周期数增加至20层时,ISC和Eff与参比膜相比分别增加了91%和164%。IPCE分析表明光电性能提高的原因在于当光子晶体带隙与N719吸收峰重合时,利用光子带隙反射与光局域效应可提高N719对波长530nm光的吸收率。即光子晶体可有效提高吸光材料在光子带隙处的吸光率,且随着光子周期数增加,提升效果越显著。     

Synthesis of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals

(Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PLZT) inverse opal photonic crystals were synthesized by a sol-gel process with synthetic opal templates of monodisperse submicrometer polystyrene spheres. This process involves infiltration of precursors into the interstices of the opal template, followed by hydrolytic condensation of the precursors and removal of the polystyrene opal combined with crystallization of PLZT perovskite by calcination at a final temperature of 750°C. By this method, PLZT inverse opal photonic crystals with a periodical structure of 280 nm center-to-center distance between the air spheres are prepared from opal templates of polystyrene microspheres with a mean diameter of 400 nm. The PLZT inverse opals reflect yellow-green light strongly.     

Concept of Templated Lattices of Semiconductor Nanostructures

Design of ordered nanostructured solids by template approach is reviewed. A variety of lattices of semiconductor nanoparticles was formed in the synthetic opal. The impact of an ensemble periodicity upon the electron and photon transport in opal-based lattices has been demonstrated. The conductivity of such lattices is the product of individual transmission characteristics of nanostructures, whereas specific collective properties can be seen as the small additives. In contrast, the photon transport shows strong collective behaviour and the photonic energy band structure is formed in addition to the electronic band structure. If the optical range photonic bandgap is tuned in the resonance with the fundamental electronic gap of a composite, their interference leads to the conjugated equilibrium state of the system.     

Filling behavior of ZnO nanoparticles into opal template via electrophoretic deposition and the fabrication of inverse opal

Combining colloidal crystal template (artificial opal) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process, well-ordered ZnO inverse opal can be formed by finding the optimum driving potential of EPD. Through providing the various driving potentials from −25 V, −10 V, −5 V to −2.5 V, the different mechanism of electrophoretically depositing ZnO nanoparticles into the colloidal crystal template was determined by the SEM observation of the filled templates. Because the nano-channels of colloidal crystal template are the network type, the results of surface jam, incomplete filling and perfect filling are found under specific applied voltages. The high-quality ZnO inverse opal can be only fabricated under the perfect nano-channel-filling condition. The filling behavior can be monitored dynamically by tracing the current transients, and the optimum conditions for filling the interstitial spaces of templates constructed from colloidal particles with 180 nm and 300 nm diameter can be obtained by applying a voltage of −5 V and −15 V, respectively. After the complete filling of ZnO nanoparticles into the colloidal crystal template consisting of 300 nm colloids, high-quality ZnO photonic crystal possessing an absorptive peak at the wavelength of 560 nm can be fabricated by removing the template. It is expected that the EPD can find extensive applications for preparing photonic crystals of various oxides only if their nanoparticles are available.     

Effect of the combination of inverse opal photon superficial areaic crystal and heterojunction on active free radicals and its effect on the mechanism of photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants

For the inverse opal photocatalyst, hydraulic pressure and other problems caused by the ordered structure of the inverse opal photocatalyst make it difficult for the pollutants to enter the structure quickly and effectively, so the effective control of its structure has become an urgent problem to be solved. Here, multi-heterojunction inverse opal structure catalyst with multi-level branched pore structure is prepared by the sol-gel method. The special three-dimensional dendritic porous structure solves the problem that a pollutant solution is difficult to effectively enter a skeleton with the traditional ordered inverse opal photocatalyst. This structure can also lead to the nanocrystallization of TZS powders, thus promoting the formation of the intermediate product ZrTiO₄ and optimizing the heterogeneous interface in the TiO₂–ZrO₂ heterojunction, thereby successfully constructing the multi-heterostructure and effectively improving the redox ability. Furthermore, by adjusting the loading amount of TZS, the matching of the heterojunction and the inverse opal structure can be effectively controlled, the matching of the photonic band gap and the forbidden bandwidth can be effectively adjusted, and the degradation efficiency is greatly improved. This study provides a new idea for effective collaboration between multi-heterogeneous interfaces and 3D branch fractal structures.     

Fabrication of Patterned Inverse Opal Structure Through Physical Confinement Assembly and Selective Electrochemical Deposition

We develop a chemical modification-free process for fabrication of patterned photonic crystals (PhCs) of inverse opal structure. This process, involving photolithography, colloidal assembly, and electrochemical deposition, is potentially applicable for fabrication of practical optical devices. Polystyrene (PS) spheres were self-assembled onto pre-patterned substrates to serve as the sacrificial template. This template was then converted into a patterned inverse opal structure with selective electrochemical deposition. The thickness of the inverse opal structure can be easily controlled by adjusting the time of electrodeposition. We demonstrated the process with fabrication of a T-shape structure surrounded by an inverse opal structure of titania. Titania was chosen here as a representative demonstration material, and the process can be readily applied to other materials of desired characteristics.     

High-temperature stable inverse opal photonic crystals via mullite-sol-gel infiltration of direct photonic crystals

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials for photonic or refractory applications have been developed by an innovative approach based on mullite sol-gel infiltration of direct photonic crystals followed by burn-out and calcination. Direct photonic crystals were obtained using polystyrene spheres templates either by vertical convective self-assembly or by drop casting. The samples were then infiltrated by spin coating with mullite sol-gels prepared with two different compositions (74 wt.% Al₂O₃, 26 wt.% SiO₂ and 80 wt.% Al₂O₃, 20 wt.% SiO₂). The inverse opal photonic crystals prepared with both sol-gels presented a highly ordered porosity and the high-alumina composition showed stability up to 1500°C. After inversion of the structure (polymeric template burn-out), the high-alumina composition showed roundness of the PS templated pores closer to an ideal sphere (Ø = 0.967) when compared to the low-alumina composition (Ø = 0.954). Although the inverse opal photonic crystals did not present a photonic bandgap, they showed structural stability at high temperatures, which enable their application as refractory materials.     

Photon Localisation in Ordered Packages of Granular Semiconductors

The anisotropic photonic crystals have been prepared by impregnating the interstitial voids of synthetic opals with CdS and ZnS. The interplay of coherent and incoherent scattering has been traced by reflectance and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The reduction of anisotropy of the photonic bandgap (PBG) structure with increasing loading has been observed, as compared with bare opal. The interplay between the photonic and electronic energy structures of the composite material results in an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE).     

Photonic bandgap of inverse opals prepared from core-shell spheres

ABSTRACT: In this study we synthesized the monodispersed polystyrene (PS)-silica core-shell spheres with various shell thickness for the fabrication of photonic crystals. The shell thickness of spheres was controlled by the various additions of tetraethyl orthosilicate during the shell growth process. The shrinkage ratio of the inverse opal photonic crystals prepared from the core-shell spheres was significantly reduced from 14.7% to within 3%. We suspected that the improvement resulted from the confinement of silica to the contraction of PS space during calcination. Due to the shell effect, the inverse opals prepared from the core-shell spheres have the higher filling fraction and the larger wavelength of stop band maximum.