基于遇障速度法足球机器人的路径规划

提出了机器人在动态环境下的路径规划方法。这种方法基于机器人运动速度信息制定的避障策略。通过遇障速度的几何变换产生可达避障速度，从而确定运动路径上潜在的障碍物。同时，还推导了机器人路径搜索树网格算法。足球机器人仿真比赛表明，这种方法适用于动态和静态障碍物的避障。     

基于引力势场的包装机器人自动避障控制方法

目的 为解决自动化包装机器人机械手受到障碍物影响导致避障效果较低的问题,提出自动化包装机器人机械手自主避障方法.方法 建立自动化包装机器人行走轨迹运动模型,计算其线速度和角速度,完成自动化包装机器人的运动学分析;利用相邻2个自动化包装机器人之间的引力势场,计算自动化包装机器人所受的合力;设置自动化包装机器人机械手自主避障的状态方程,设计自主避障算法;结合自主避障流程,实现自动化包装机器人机械手的自主避障.结果 在U型障碍物路段和H型障碍物路段中设计了对比实验,实验结果表明,提出的自主避障方法无论在哪种类型路段,自动化机器人的工作效率都在75％以上,具有较好的避障效果.结论 适用于自动化包装机器人的机械手避障,为自动化包装机器人的研究提供参考.     

类人机器人脚面扭滑建模与检测分析

为克服采用零力矩点（ZMP）或脚面所受压力中心（COP）检测方法进行类人机器人稳定性控制时不能防止机器人脚面扭滑的问题,提出了一种基于COP检测的脚面扭滑检测方法,并对其进行了数学建模与分析。对类人机器人MechG进行的仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。仿真结果显示,通过基于COP检测的脚面扭滑检测可以进一步得到不发生扭滑的COP子稳定区域,从而弥补了机器人ZMP／COP法控制的不完善性。     

基于consensus的人工势能场在足球机器人避障中的应用

在分析足球机器人路径规划方法--人工势场法不足的基础上,将基于consensus的人工势能场的新方法应用到机器人避障中.为了避免传统人工势场中导航函数方式的缺点,引入一与运动方向垂直的回转仪的力来代替排斥力.为了避免由障碍物引起的运动奇异性,引入一制动力,使足球机器人减速以便有足够的时间转弯,可以进行很好的避障.利用consensus算法来获得优化的势能场函数,解决足球机器人导航和避障问题,并能达到时间最优和轨迹最优的目的.仿真结果表明该方法能够快速准确地进行避障,且路径比较平滑.     

基于超声波传感器的风管清扫机器人避障功能设计

为解决风管清扫机器人在工作过程中容易与风管壁面发生碰撞的现象,本文利用超声波测距技术实现了机器人的自动避障功能。首先,介绍了HR-SR04超声波集成模块的测距原理和距离校正实验。其次,介绍了机器人自动避障功能的实现方法和自动避障功能在机器人上的应用。最后,为了检验风管清扫机器人避障功能的效果,进行了相应的测试实验。实验结果证明了超声波模块能够很好地完成风管清扫机器人自动避障功能。     

基于相位调整法实现蛇形机器人避障功能的研究

为了提高蛇形机器人在实际环境中的实用性,研究了蛇形机器人的避障功能,并提出了一种基于相位调整的蛇形机器人避障方法。该方法用安装在蛇形机器人头部的红外避障传感器模块检测前方是否有障碍物,若有障碍物,则用相位调整法改变蛇形机器人每个关节的步态相位来控制蛇形机器人的蜿蜒运动以实现转弯,从而避开障碍物。而且应用红外传感器来感知障碍物的几何特性,若感知到大型障碍物,机器人蜿蜒运动行进采用顺障策略实现避障功能,若感知到小型障碍物,采用绕障策略。该研究可为推进蛇形机器人的实用化提供技术储备。     

未知环境下基于意图推理的多机器人编队控制

设计了一种未知环境下基于意图推理的多机器人编队控制方法.该方法在机器人自身移动局部坐标系中通过观察其领航机器人,采用限定记忆最小二乘多步递推策略对领航机器人的运动趋势进行预测,估计出领航机器人的运动信息及机器人之间的相关信息,结合已有的编队控制律以及切线避障策略使机器人安全躲避潜在危险的同时实现多机器人之间的协调.该方法扩展性较好,仿真验证了其可行性.     

基于高斯模型的核探测机器人寻找核辐射源方法

针对核泄露后核放射源准确定位的问题,提出了用核探测机器人自主寻找核辐射源的方法.该方法利用高斯模型描述核泄漏事故发生后周围大气中放射性核素云团的扩散,估测地面上放射性核素水平,并利用小型核探测机器人搭载核辐射探测仪,实时探测核辐射水平;根据建立的核污染扩散模型,采用模拟退火算法,自主寻找地面放射性核素辐射浓度最高的区域;通过基于超声模糊避障控制系统,保证机器人在执行任务中无碰撞.模拟核辐射源泄漏事故实验结果表明,该方法可以帮助机器人自主寻找到地面核素辐射水平最高区域.     

储罐探伤爬壁机器人全遍历路径规划方法

储罐探伤爬壁机器人全遍历路径规划要求机器人高效遍历储罐外壁全部无障碍物区域。结合邻接矩阵、路径选择函数,提出一种单元分解算法并应用于爬壁机器人路径规划中。首先,将爬壁机器人的工作环境简化为二维平面,并通过分析漏检面积确定机器人遍历基本路径;接着,建立栅格环境,对每个栅格赋予x_i值以表示其栅格状态;其次,采用矩形分解法将工作环境划分为若干子区域,通过图的深度优先搜索算法和邻接矩阵确定各子区域的衔接顺序;最后,在子区域的遍历和切换过程中,引入方向函数y_i来判断爬壁机器人是否陷入死区,结合x_i值提出路径选择函数f_i以引导爬壁机器人快速逃离死区。在虚拟环境中进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明,该方法不仅能引导爬壁机器人以高覆盖率和低重复率遍历工作区域,而且能快速地逃离死区。全遍历路径规划的实现拓展了爬壁机器人在检测储罐罐壁中的应用。     

基于遗传算法的家用保安机器人路径规划方法

将领域知识与遗传算法相结合,提出了一种针对家用保安机器人的路径规划方法.该算法采用改进的栅格化方法来描述家庭环境,重新定义了路径适应度函数的评价方法,并设计有效的路径遗传算子.仿真结果表明了该算法的正确性和有效性.利用该算法实现了在实际家庭环境下保安机器人的路径规划与动态避障.     

Planning feasible vehicle manoeuvres on highways

The development of collision avoidance systems which are based on active intervention into the steering process is a promising way of reducing accident fatalities resulting from collisions with other road users. An important prerequisite of such systems is the calculation of feasible manoeuvres. In this paper, a sampling-based path-planning algorithm from robotics is proposed for planning trajectories on highways. In particular, adaptive polar splines are presented as one suitable way of describing path segments. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how kinematic constraints can be incorporated into the path-planning process.     

一种智能化割草机器人的设计

本文针对民用户外割草机械领域提出了一种智能化割草机器人,本设计是集环境感知、路径动态规划与决策、行为控制与执行等多种功能于一体的综合机器人系统。与传统的草坪修剪机械相比,智能化割草机器人具有环保程度高、路径可控性高、人力消耗低和安全性能优良等特点。     

动态二叉树表示环境的A*算法及其在足球机器人路径规划中的实现

提出采用二叉树表示二维空间的方法，对全局路径规划和局部路径规划进行综合考察，设计移动机器人在复杂环境下对动态障碍物进行避障的A算法，在足够机器人系统中进行仿真，将二叉树动态地表示球场的机器人与目标对角线的矩型环境，使搜索范围随搜索进程动态地减少，实现了路径规划的整体优化。     

A two-stage path planning approach for multiple car-like robots based on PH curves and a modified harmony search algorithm

In this article, collision-avoidance path planning for multiple car-like robots with variable motion is formulated as a two-stage objective optimization problem minimizing both the total length of all paths and the task’s completion time. Accordingly, a new approach based on Pythagorean Hodograph (PH) curves and Modified Harmony Search algorithm is proposed to solve the two-stage path-planning problem subject to kinematic constraints such as velocity, acceleration, and minimum turning radius. First, a method of path planning based on PH curves for a single robot is proposed. Second, a mathematical model of the two-stage path-planning problem for multiple car-like robots with variable motion subject to kinematic constraints is constructed that the first-stage minimizes the total length of all paths and the second-stage minimizes the task’s completion time. Finally, a modified harmony search algorithm is applied to solve the two-stage optimization problem. A set of experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Boundary element analysis of curved cracked panels with adhesively bonded patches

A new boundary element formulation for analysis of curved cracked panels with adhesively bonded patches is presented in this paper. The effect of the adhesive layer is modelled by distributed body forces (i.e. two in‐plane forces, two moments and one out‐of‐plane force). A coupled boundary integral formulation of a shear deformable plate and two‐dimensional plane stress elasticity is used to determine bending and membrane forces along the adhesive layer taking into consideration the compatibility conditions in the patch area. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. It is shown that the out‐of‐plane bending behaviour and panel curvature have significant influence on the magnitude of the stress intensity factors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于模糊PID的足球机器人运动控制研究

通过对足球机器人运动学模型的分析,考虑到系统的时滞性、非线性等特点,提出将模糊控制和传统的PID控制相结合的控制方法,应用到足球机器人系统的运动控制中,通过PID控制实现控制的准确性,利用模糊控制提高控制的快速性。详细介绍了足球机器人模糊控制系统的设计过程,并在仿真和基于视觉足球机器人平台上对该算法进行了验证,结果表明了该方法的可行性。     

Calculation of domain integrals of two dimensional boundary element method

In this paper, a new method is applied to deal with domain integrals of boundary element method (BEM). In fact we focus to convert the domain integrals into boundary integrals for non-homogenous Laplace, Helmholtz and advection diffusion equations in two dimensional BEM. The transformation presented in this paper is based on divergence theorem. In addition, we prove the efficiency of method mathematically when the domain integrals are weakly singular. Numerical results are presented to verify the validity of this method for different geometries. Numerical implementation is done for the constant BEM, which can be implemented easily. To verify the new scheme, some test problems have been designed at end of the paper. The numerical results generally show that the new scheme has good accuracy with regards to other popular schemes.     

Dual boundary element formulation for inverse potential problems in crack identification

In this paper a new boundary element formulation is presented for the identification of the location and size of internal cracks in two dimensional structures. The method is presented, as a supplement to the experimental non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, for more accuracy in the identification procedure. The identification method is presented, proposing the dual boundary element method (DBEM) as the basis for design sensitivity computation. Examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the crack identification method for various cracks.     

Research on key technologies of FEM simulation of temperature field in the process of quenching

In this paper, some key technologies of computing the quenching temperature field are given. According to the characteristics of quenching process, a new method of computing phase-transformation latent heat is presented to ensure the computation accuracy of temperature. The phase-transform latent heat is regarded as the internal heat source because it can result in the rise of temperature in the process of cooling. A new method of self-control and adaptive time-step is presented in this paper. This method can be used to compute the time-step according to maximum and minimum difference values of the temperature field between the previous simulating step and the current simulating step. A finite element method (FEM) software for evaluating the temperature and the phase-transformation is developed by using the methods presented in this paper, the lump parameters method and fine mesh method. The experimental results or analytical values of two cases are used to check the accuracy of FEM simulation. The comparisons show that the simulation results of FEM software are consistent with experimental results or analytical values.