45冷轧钢在拉应力作用下的力-磁效应

在不同的最大拉应力作用下反复加载-卸载过程中,测量了45冷轧钢试件表面某确定点漏磁场随拉应力的变化关系。结果表明,当最大拉应力〈610MPa时,磁感应强度随应力的变化关系为线性关系;当最大拉应力处于610MPa与屈服点653MPa之间时,磁感应强度随应力的关系为折线关系,并且折线极值点的位置由较小应力处迅速移向较大应力位置。当最大拉应力大于屈服点时,磁感应强度的变化量保持恒定,折线极值点的位置也保持不变。从而证实了可以通过磁信号的特征对试件的安全性做出评估。     

83wt%FeCuNbSiB粉体/硅橡胶复合薄膜力敏特性

以Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9粉体为复合相,硅橡胶为基体,制得粉体含量为83%(质量分数)、厚度200μm的复合薄膜;采用TH2816LCR数字电桥测试频率1kHz下薄膜的阻抗Z随压应力σ的变化情况,用LYYL-500N高档型微机控制压力试验机对薄膜体系进行程序控制加载;薄膜采用电容方式连接。研究了复合薄膜在压应力连续加载/卸载和压应力保持加载/卸载状况下的力敏特性。研究表明,复合薄膜在连续加载/卸载速度≤0.5mm/min和保压加载/卸载条件下,当测试频率1kHz、压应力0.2~1.0MPa时,具有良好的力敏稳定性和灵敏性。随着应力σ增大,阻抗Z呈非线性下降,SI%值为6%~23%,灵敏精度k值为2~0.2,测试标准偏差稳定在0.02~0.05,薄膜对于<0.3MPa应力更加灵敏。增加测试频率可以提高薄膜体系的力敏灵敏度。在压应力0.2~1.0MPa范围内,薄膜弹性后效现象显著,导致薄膜加载Z-σ曲线与卸载曲线不重合。     

83wt%FeCuNbSiB粉体/硅橡胶复合薄膜力敏特性

以Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9粉体为复合相,硅橡胶为基体,制得粉体含量为83%(质量分数)、厚度200μm的复合薄膜;采用TH2816LCR数字电桥测试频率1kHz下薄膜的阻抗Z 随压应力σ 的变化情况,用LYYL-500N高档型微机控制压力试验机对薄膜体系进行程序控制加载;薄膜采用电容方式连接。研究了复合薄膜在压应力连续加载/卸载和压应力保持加载/卸载状况下的力敏特性。研究表明,复合薄膜在连续加载/卸载速度≤0.5mm/min和保压加载/卸载条件下,当测试频率1kHz、压应力0.2~1.0MPa时,具有良好的力敏稳定性和灵敏性。随着应力σ 增大,阻抗Z 呈非线性下降,SI%值为6%~23%,灵敏精度k值为2~0.2,测试标准偏差稳定在0.02~0.05,薄膜对于<0.3MPa应力更加灵敏。增加测试频率可以提高薄膜体系的力敏灵敏度。在压应力0.2~1.0MPa范围内,薄膜弹性后效现象显著,导致薄膜加载Z-σ 曲线与卸载曲线不重合。     

铁磁试件缺口种类对磁记忆信号的影响研究

为研究铁磁试件不同缺口对磁记忆信号的影响,利用ANSYS有限元仿真软件,结合力磁耦合模型,在拉应力和地磁场的共同作用下对3种不同缺口的20#钢板进行仿真,分别提取磁记忆信号切向分量和法向分量。仿真结果表明：在地磁场作用下,随着拉应力的增大,3种试件在各自缺口处均出现应力集中现象,在拉应力大于120 MPa后应力集中现象愈发明显。受到同样大小的拉应力时,V形缺口试件倾向于裂纹的扩展,而U形缺口试件倾向于裂纹的形成,U形缺口的应力集中范围更大,因此双关联缺口试件在U形缺口处更易断裂。双关联缺口试件磁记忆信号法向分量约为检测路径上两个缺口处磁记忆信号值的叠加之和,故试件被近似磁化成一个磁铁。双关联缺口试件检测路径中间点的磁记忆信号切向分量并没有极值,因此用其判断双关联缺口试件的应力集中区不再适用。缺口试件在弹性阶段,磁记忆信号随拉应力变化幅度较小;缺口试件在塑性阶段,磁记忆信号值随拉应力变化幅度较大。因此可以利用试件弹、塑性阶段磁记忆信号变化,对工程试件的缺陷损伤进行早期识别。     

铁磁材料零件疲劳损伤磁记忆检测方法的实验

通过对优质碳素钢做疲劳拉伸实验,研究在交变应力作用下,铁磁材料的表面磁场强度垂直分量的变化.实验研究表明:磁场强度垂直分量过零点不能完全表征应力集中位置.磁场强度梯度的变化与疲劳循环次数有一定关系.随着加载及应力循环次数的增加,沿试件轴线方向各点的磁场强度出现一定的规律性变化,前期各点变化趋势基本一致,当试件出现微小裂纹时,以裂纹点为分界出现相向变化,在远离裂纹的测点也存在同样的趋势.扩展成宏观裂纹时,裂纹处及端面达到磁饱和状态,产生较强的漏磁场,磁场强度在裂纹两侧出现正负两个区域,出现过零点.     

2D-SiC/SiC复合材料拉伸加卸载行为

为了研究国产2D-SiC/SiC复合材料的拉伸损伤行为以及低周循环载荷作用下的力学性能,通过试验和建立加卸载细观力学模型,对其拉伸加卸载行为进行了探讨。建立了单向连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料加卸载细观力学模型,得到了初始加载、卸载和重新加载时的应力-应变关系;利用断裂统计方法得到了基体裂纹数随应力变化的关系和复合材料失效判断条件。经过应力转化,将该模型应用于国产二维编织SiC/SiC复合材料。对单向加载试件,采用正交试验方法和最小二乘法得到基体Weibull模量和界面剪切阻力,通过控制材料失效强度与试验结果一致,得到纤维Weibull模量。由上述参数确定的2D-SiC/SiC复合材料拉伸循环加卸载应力-应变曲线与实测曲线吻合很好。通过Matlab编程得到2D-SiC/SiC复合材料单向加载时基体开裂过程图。结果表明,2D-SiC/SiC复合材料失效时,基体裂纹分布相对比较均匀;基体裂纹数随应力单调增加,未出现持平段,表明材料失效时,基体裂纹还没有达到饱和。     

端面不平行对岩石SHPB测试结果的影响分析

为探讨岩石试件加工端面不平行对岩石材料动力学特性测试结果的影响,采用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对13种端面不平行度的岩石试件开展SHPB数值模拟,并分析了端面不平行对加载过程应力均匀性的影响。结果表明:随端面不平行度γ的增加,岩石试件动态应力-应变曲线逐渐向右和向下移动,且峰前加载段逐渐延长。当γ1.60%时,动态应力-应变曲线在加载初期出现一个微小的加载-卸载过程,且在升时为120μs的半正弦入射波加载阶段岩石试件达不到应力均匀状态。基于数值模拟结果,建立了端面不平行度与量纲一化的动态单轴抗压强度、平均应变率和峰值应变的定量表达式。     

喷丸,化学镀Ni—P对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢抗应力腐蚀的影响

用三点加载试件研究了表面喷丸和化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ对１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢在１５４℃，４０％ＭｇＣｌ２中的应力腐蚀敏感性的影响，两种表面处理都大大增强材料抗应力腐蚀破裂的能力。当外加应力不超过喷丸造成的应力时，喷丸对抗开裂非常有效；外加应力大于喷丸压应力后，随应力升高破裂时间缩短，化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ的保护效果主要决定于镀膜的完整性，在试件边棱处受力较苛刻部位，应力腐蚀最易产生，讨论了外加应力、膜的延性和     

应力卸载过程砂岩应力波传播及衰减特性试验研究

由于岩体开挖卸载和原岩应力重新分布的复杂性,围岩体通常处于复杂的应力卸载环境中。为研究应力卸载过程砂岩应力波的传播及衰减特性,设计了长径比L/D≈65的条形试件,利用动静组合加载装置进行了不同轴向卸载应力下的小扰动撞击试验,测得了不同测点处的砂岩应力波信号,研究了不同卸载应力对应力波波形、纵波波速值、波峰的时空衰减规律、波峰及波峰衰减速率等的影响,并建立了经验规律模型。研究表明:砂岩是否具有卸载应力对应力波波形具有显著影响;随应力卸载,纵波波速呈“近似线性+非线性”衰减,波峰及其衰减率均呈指数变化;随距离和时间增加,波峰均呈指数衰减,且不同应力卸载阶段波峰的时空衰减具有不同敏感性;研究结果对爆破开挖条件下深部工程岩体稳定性分析提供了重要的理论参考。     

循环压缩载荷下缺口残余拉应力场的X射线分析

用细束 x 射线研究了循环压缩载荷下缺口残余拉应力的分布及变化。试验表明,循环压缩加载后形成的残余拉应力大于一次压缩加载后的数值,压缩应力幅对残余拉应力分布的影响大于压缩平均应力的影响,其原因除了加载-降载过程中形成的残余应力直接与应力幅有关外,尚与应力幅加剧材料循环软化程度有关。形成疲劳裂纹后,在完全卸载的裂纹面上,残余拉应力基本松弛,但垂直于裂纹面稍远处的残余拉应力仍保持有相当大的数值,这部分残余应力是否对裂纹扩展起作用,在计算残余应力的应力强度因子时如何予以考虑值得注意。     

载荷不对称卧式容器的应力计算

对支座相对跨中截面不对称设置的卧式容器,进行载荷分析,建立弯矩方程,分析方程,确立工程适用的支座反力、弯矩极值位置,最大弯矩的计算方法。此方法得到结果用于计算JB/T4731《钢制卧式容器》中相应的应力：圆筒轴向应力、切向剪力、圆筒周向应力、鞍座设计的计算。其中弯矩的极值位置确定尤为重要,结构布置时,可以尽量避免在弯矩极值处开孔。     

Strength of Si3N4/Ni–Cr–Fe alloy joints with test methods: shear, tension, three-point and four-point bending

The experiments were carried out in order to examine the relationship between shear, tension, three-point and four-point bending strengths of Si3N4/Inconel 600 alloy joints. Average values of the shear, tension, and three and four point bending strengths were 178, 233, 321, and 344 MPa, respectively. From the results the strength ratio was 1 : 1.32 : 1.81 : 1.95 in the order of shear, tension, three-point and four-point bend tests. Based on Weibull moduli three-point bend and tension tests showed smaller strength scattering than did the shear and four-point bend tests. As opposed to the behaviour observed for the monolithic ceramic, the average bending strength of Si3N4/Inconel 600 alloy joints decreased as the effective volume of the bend test specimen increased. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synchrotron diffraction measurement of residual stresses in friction stir welded 5383-H321 aluminium butt joints and their modification by fatigue cycling

This paper presents two‐dimensional information on the residual stresses in 8 mm 5383‐H321 aluminium plates joined by double pass (DP) friction stir welding (FSW). It considers the inherent variability in residual stress magnitudes along 0.5 m lengths of weld pass, and their modification under a sequence of applied fatigue loads. This represents one of a planned series of experiments aimed at illuminating the effects of fatigue cycling on residual stress fields. In this particular case, the magnitudes of the bending fatigue loads (R= 0.1) were chosen to correlate with the measured proof strengths of the weld metal (approximately 160 MPa) and the parent plate (approximately 260–270 MPa). In four‐point bend S–N tests at R= 0.1 on 40 mm wide FS welded specimens of this alloy and plate thickness, these peak stress levels correspond to lives of around 10⁵ cycles and 10⁷ cycles, respectively. Results from the work indicate that significant variability exists among welded plates in peak compressive stress magnitudes (a range of perhaps ?50 MPa to ?140 MPa), although peak tensile stresses were relatively low and more consistent (from around 0 to 30 MPa). Fatigue loading accentuates the peak‐to‐valley stress change and causes an overall translation of the stresses to become more positive. Peak tensile stresses increase several‐fold during fatigue cycling.     

Effect of order of stress and field application on changes inanhysteretic magnetization

Differences between isostress anhysteretics and the zero stress anhysteretic are found to be of the same form but larger than magnetization changes induced by stress from an anhysteretic point. The latter are separated into reversible and irreversible parts, indicating that pinning impedes changes from an anhysteretic point, thus giving smaller changes than the differences between the isostress anhysteretics     

钢筋混凝土烟囱预应力环箍加固效应研究

钢筋混凝土烟囱经预应力环箍加固后,在烟囱筒壁外表面与环箍接触处产生了一周沿环向均匀分布的径向压力。用圆柱壳理论导出了径向压力在筒壁中产生的环向压力、环向压应力、压力影响高度的计算公式,环向压应力呈曲线分布。数例计算结果表明:环向压应力值在环箍作用处最大,约为-1.0MPa,且随着环箍位置增高而增大,在压力影响高度起止点处衰减为零;压力影响高度随着环箍位置增高、半径变小而减小,平均值约为2.8m;根据压力影响高度,即可计算上下两道环箍之间的合理距离。     

SiCp/Al复合材料薄壁回转体变形的仿真分析

运用有限元仿真软件ABAQUS对体积分数为56%的SiCp/Al复合材料薄壁回转体在静载荷作用下的应力、变形及应变进行了仿真研究,研究了载荷施加位置、外径和壁厚对SiCp/Al复合材料圆筒薄壁件的应力、变形及应变的影响规律。结果表明:在其他条件一致的情况下,回转体的外径越小、壁厚越大、受力点距离施加全约束的一端越近,回转体受到外载荷引起的最大应力、最大变形及最大应变越小。薄壁回转体工件的壁厚对工件最大应力、最大变形及最大应变的影响最为显著。当壁厚增加到1mm以上时,最大应力、最大变形及最大应变的变化不明显。     

A Mixed-Approach Analysis of Deformations in Pipe Bends. Part 2. Three-Dimensional Bending with Internal Pressure

We analyze a problem of determination of stressed state and flexibility of a pipe bend under a combined action of internal pressure and bending moments applied both in and out of plane of the bend curvature. This problem is referred to as a geometrically nonlinear one where an increase in internal pressure brings about a decrease in ovalization stresses induced by bending moments. A unique method of allowing for the pressure is put forward, which is based on the consideration that the pressure-induced circumferential stresses greatly exceed the stresses due to bending moments. A general set of equations for all displacements and stress components is derived. The present results are compared with those reported elsewhere.