静态退火对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr挤压合金微结构与织构的影响（英文）

研究了Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Zr挤压合金在静态退火过程中的微结构与织构的演变。采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、XRD织构测试仪及EBSD分析技术表征了合金的晶粒长大、析出相沉淀及织构改变。结果表明,退火初期的晶粒细化是由再结晶引起的;晶间不均匀变形诱发了晶间的局部析出,继而抑制了再结晶过程。织构分析表明,热挤压产生了常见的基面纤维织构和不常见的柱面纤维织构,即c轴平行于挤压方向;在静态再结晶过程中,新晶粒形核会弱化柱面纤维,而晶粒长大过程会强化柱面纤维。晶界与亚晶界上的大量析出相抑制了织构改变。     

下压量与静态退火对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr热轧板材的织构影响（英文）

研究了Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.4Zr高强耐热镁合金在热轧及随后静态退火过程中的微结构与织构的演变,以此来确定静态再结晶对轧制织构的影响及其机制。采用金相显微术、扫描电子显微术、透射电子显微术及EBSD分析技术表征了试样在不同下压量和随后退火过程中的微结构及织构改变。织构测试的结果表明,单向热轧变形产生了六方晶格c轴偏离理想基面织构15°的新织构组分;随后的再结晶过程导致新织构组分趋于漫散化并加强了基面织构。显示晶内和晶界上大量析出的沉淀相显著抑制了晶界迁移;静态再结晶对织构的影响是由定向形核控制的,而不是定向长大。     

17%Cr铁素体不锈钢中的第二相与织构

通过工艺控制得到了不同尺寸及分布特征的析出相,研究了其对再结晶织构的影响.结果表明:降低精轧温度有利于尺寸更加细小、分布更加弥散的析出相TiC的形成,经冷轧及退火后这种析出相分布特征可遗传至冷轧退火板;粗大、稀疏析出相的样品具有较强的γ纤维再结晶织构;细小、弥散的析出相有助于随机取向再结晶晶核的形成,抑制再结晶晶粒的长大,从而弱化了γ纤维再结晶织构及恶化了冷轧退火板成形性能;析出相对随机取向晶粒形核的作用及晶界迁移的钉扎作用是控制铁素体不锈钢再结晶织构的重要因素之一.     

强变形AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶

通过光学显微镜及SEM/EBSD观察研究强变形AZ31镁合金在300～673 K的退火行为,分析显微组织、晶粒尺寸分布、平均晶粒尺寸、硬度及变形织构随退火温度的变化.结果表明:细晶组分随着温度的升高不断降低,退火过程按退火温度可分为孕育、再结晶急速长大及晶粒正常长大3个阶段.强变形过程中,发生连续动态再结晶的镁合金在随后的退火过程中主要受晶粒长大控制,没有发生织构变化,即为连续静态再结晶.     

挤出和退火工艺对AZ31镁合金组织和织构的影响

研究了挤压比、挤压温度及电场退火对AZ31镁合金组织和织构的影响。结果表明：挤压比达到16时动态再结晶基本完成,挤压比为25时形成平均晶粒尺寸为7.3μm的均匀组织;随着挤压比由小到大,以{01^-10}面织构为代表的变形织构由增强到减弱;而{02^-21}、{12^-3^-1}面的再结晶织构由弱到强;提高挤压温度,有利于合金元素扩散和动态再结晶,阻碍低温析出物Mg17Al12和MnAl的不连续析出,组织趋于均匀,织构组分由低温变形的{01^-10}面织构向高温变形的{06^-61}面织构转变;电场退火推迟了再结晶进程因而抑制再结晶晶粒长大,增加了退火织构的漫散度。     

GH4169合金非均匀组织在加热过程中的演化机理

通过对第二相状态、晶界取向差及晶粒尺寸演化的分析,研究了GH4169合金不均匀组织在加热过程中的演化机理.结果表明,GH4169合金中d相的体积分数在低温下随温度的升高和时间的延长而增加;在高温时随温度的升高而降低,随时间的延长先增加后降低至恒定值.第二相的钉扎作用表现为:晶内析出的d相和g"相阻碍位错的运动,沿晶界析出的d相阻碍再结晶晶粒的形核和长大,碳化物阻碍晶粒长大.小角度晶界的体积分数随加热温度的升高和时间的延长而降低;高温下,退火孪晶的生长使得小角度晶界含量增加.GH4169合金的组织演化机理主要包括:亚晶长大、再结晶晶粒的长大和退火孪晶的长大.新的再结晶晶粒主要通过亚晶长大过程获得,亚晶长大过程主要通过小角度晶界的转动和位错的迁移完成.晶粒长大过程受到抑制时,合金通过退火孪晶的形核及长大耗散其吸收的热量.     

冷轧不同微量化学状态Al-Mn-Fe-Si铝合金的等温退火

通过3种不同热处理工艺使一种Al-Mn-Fe-Si合金获得了不同固溶液和不同尺寸及数量的弥散析出相,包括铸造态,一种富含高密度、细小、弥散相的状态,另外一种状态则仅有少量、相对粗大的弥散相。采用EBSD技术系统研究冷轧后退火过程中微观组织的演变以及初始组织状态对再结晶动力学、再结晶晶粒形貌和织构的影响。结果表明,再结晶动力学、最终微观组织和织构由加工条件和合金的初始组织和固溶度决定。高密度弥散析出相阻止形核,显著阻碍软化过程,最终得到粗大的狭长晶粒以及P和ND-rotated cube织构。在没有预先存在的细小、稠密的弥散相并且在退火过程中弥散相析出数量很少的时候则能更快完成再结晶并得到均匀、细小的等轴晶以及显著的立方织构。     

Al-Cu-Mg合金在快速冷冲及再结晶退火过程中的显微组织演变（英文）

采用透射电镜技术(TEM)系统研究喷射成形快速凝固细晶Al-Cu-Mg合金在快速冷冲及再结晶退火工艺过程中的显微组织演变。结果表明:细晶Al-Cu-Mg合金在快速冷冲及再结晶退火过程中的析出相主要为S相,还有少量较粗的Al_6Mn相;随着变形道次的增加,析出相的密度不断增大、尺寸显著减小,形变带和过渡带逐渐消失,晶粒组织不断细化并趋于均匀。快速冷冲引入的缺陷有助于Al-Cu-Mg合金脱溶和再结晶形核,促进S相和再结晶的形核与长大。较粗晶粒中的形变带及过渡带在形变和再结晶过程中转变为形变诱生晶界,从而细化晶粒、获得均匀纳米晶组织和促进S相弥散分布。     

Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr合金静态再结晶机理的研究

利用硬度测试、OM和原位观察等方法研究了Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr(wt%)合金在退火过程中的静态再结晶机理。结果表明:合金退火1min后出现析出相回溶和静态再结晶现象,静态再结晶晶核优先在原始晶界上形成,在动态再结晶区域中产生亚晶界;在退火5 min后,亚晶迅速转变为静态再结晶晶核,同时有大量黑色析出相产生;进一步延长退火时间,静态再结晶过程十分缓慢,长时间退火后部分变形晶粒仍然存在;在传统退火处理中静态再结晶过程十分迅速,静态再结晶模型符合JMAK模型,并没有析出相产生;随着退火时间的延长,静态再结晶晶粒尺寸不断增大,微观组织不均匀性加剧;退火15 min后,硬度与平均晶粒尺寸之间服从Hall-Petch关系。     

一种Ni3Al基单晶高温合金的再结晶动力学及组织变化（英文）

研究了一种Ni3Al基单晶高温合金的再结晶动力学及组织变化,解释了造成枝晶干和枝晶间再结晶行为不一致的原因。单晶合金经表面喷砂处理,再在惰性气氛中,于1280℃下退火不同时间形成再结晶晶粒。研究发现：枝晶干再结晶层厚度大于枝晶间再结晶厚度,枝晶干再结晶速率快于枝晶间再结晶速率。在退火过程中,枝晶间有Y-NiMo相析出,且强烈抑制再结晶。然而,随着时间的延长Y-NiMo析出相逐渐溶解,且抑制再结晶的作用逐渐减弱,最终,枝晶干再结晶层厚度仍然大于枝晶间再结晶厚度。     

Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中再结晶织构演变规律研究

采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD),并结合微观组织观察分析了Ti-IF钢罩式退火过程中织构演变规律和{111}再结晶织构形成机制.结果表明:随退火温度的升高,再结晶量逐渐增多,{111}再结晶织构强度亦逐渐增强,同时{100}织构强度逐渐减弱.{111}取向的品粒主要在再结晶过程中形成,依靠吞并其他取向[主要是{100}取向]的晶粒而长大;并且在{111}取向品粒长大过程中,γ纤维织构之间也发生相互转化,主要由{111}<112>织构转变为{111}<110>织构;冷轧IF钢再结晶退火后具有较强的γ纤维织构,主要是"取向形核"和"取向长大"共同作用的结果,其中Σ重位晶界在再结晶γ纤维织构形成过程中起着重要作用.     

冷加工态Ti6Al4V合金的回复和再结晶行为研究

对冷拉拔变形量为60%的钛合金进行700～880℃,1～240min再结晶退火,利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和透射电镜等手段分析不同状态下的组织演变、织构组成和位错组态。结果表明:冷变形后的Ti6Al4V合金经完全再结晶后α晶粒呈等轴状,β相在α相周围以条状沿α晶界析出或以小晶粒形式存在。计算表明,经60%冷变形量的钛合金再结晶激活能为107kJ/mol,较相同变形量的纯钛再结晶激活能高约50%。钛合金的再结晶分为回复、形核和晶核长大阶段,包括位错胞向亚晶转变、回复亚晶通过合并或长大形核、形核诱导高角度晶界形成而长大成新晶粒。经过冷拉拔后的丝材,存在着较强的100织构,而在再结晶过程中,沿100方向上产生的回复亚晶优先形核并长大形成新的晶粒。这导致在初始再结晶阶段,再结晶织构与冷变形织构取向一致,而在晶粒长大阶段,原先取向不利的晶粒吞并周围小晶粒长大,形成新的织构组元使原来的织构被弱化。     

Evolution of grain structure in AA2195 A1-Li alloy plate during recrystallization

The evolution of the grain structures in AA2195 Al-Li alloy plate warm-rolled by 80% reduction during recrystallization annealing at 500℃ was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the elongated grain structures are caused by the lamellar distribution of recrystaUization nucleation sites, being lack of large second phase particles （〉 1μm）, and dispersive coherent particles （such as δ′ and β′concentrated in planar bands. The recrystallization process may be separated into three stages： firstly, recrystallization nucleation occurs heterogeneously, and the nuclei are concentrated in some planar zones parallel to rolling plane. Secondly, the grain boundaries interacted with small particles concentrate in planar bands, which is able to result in the elongated grain structures. The rate of the grain growth is controlled by the dissolution of these small particles. Thirdly, after most of small particles are dissolved, their hindrance to migration of the grain boundaries fades away, and the unrecrystallized zones are consumed by adjacent recrystallized grains. The migration of high angle grain boundaries along normal direction leads a gradual transformation from the elongated grains to the nearly equiaxed, which is driven by the tension of the grain boundaries.     

Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-xZn-0.5Zr(x=0,1,2)挤压态合金微观组织和力学性能

采用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜、高角度环形暗场-扫描透射,分析了Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-xZn-0.5Zr(x=0,1,2,质量分数,％)挤压态合金微观组织结构和力学性能,旨在探索Zn对于合金性能影响的微观机制.结果表明:在Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr合金中添加Zn元素,不仅形成LPS...     

Relating Initial Texture to Deformation Behavior During Cold Rolling and Static Recrystallization Upon Subsequent Annealing of an Extruded WE43 Alloy

Deformation behaviors during cold rolling and static recrystallization behaviors upon subsequent annealing of an extruded WE43 alloys with different initial textures were investigated in this study. Three types of differently textured WE43 initial alloys were labeled as samples I, II and III. The results showed that multiple twinning modes and basal slip dominated the deformation of samples during cold rolling. Cold-rolled sample I activated the larger number of double twins with high strain energy, accompanied by the more uniform strain distribution, than cold-rolled samples II and III. During subsequent annealing, recrystallized grains preferentially occurred in double twins, twin-twin intersections and grain boundaries, thereby making cold-rolled sample I have the more rapid recrystallization rate. Similar recrystallization textures formed in three types of cold-rolled samples at the recrystallization nucleation stage, and they never largely changed with the annealing time due to the uniform grain growth induced by the solute drag and the precipitation pinning at grain boundaries. After full recrystallization, the grain growth was controlled by the solute drag, instead of precipitates which were re-dissolved into the matrix. Finally, the nucleation and growth kinetics of static recrystallization were calculated, and the effects of initial texture on activation energies of recrystallization nucleation and growth were discussed.     

Microstructure evolution and ductility improvement mechanisms of magnesium alloy in interactive alternating forward extrusion

The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by the interactive alternating forward extrusion at different loading displacements (h=3, 6, 9 mm) were investigated. Optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used to analyze the evolution of microstructure, and the mechanical behavior was clarified by tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) can achieve grain refinement jointly in interactive alternating forward extrusion. With the decrease of the loading displacement h, the proportion of recrystallization increases from 23.4% to 66.7%. The fiber texture gradually tilts to the extrusion direction (ED), and the grain orientation randomization of DDRX further weakens the fiber texture intensity. When h=3 mm, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is 249.1 MPa and the elongation can reach 29.4%.     

冷轧低压电子铝箔退火加热过程中的再结晶和晶粒长大

采用EBSD微取向分析、织构定量分析、晶粒尺寸分析等手段研究了低压电子铝箔不同退火加热过程对再结晶和晶粒长大行为的影响,并利用再结晶理论对相关过程进行了讨论.初次再结晶前的回复处理会明显降低冷轧铝箔的储存能及再结晶驱动力,并对再结晶晶粒尺寸和立方织构量产生规律性影响.特定的退火加热过程会诱发电子铝箔的晶粒异常长大,并导致立方织构量的明显下降.     

Annealing behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling

The recrystallization and grain growth behaviour of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheets with a deformation microstructure, obtained by a combination of high-temperature rolling and subsequent warm rolling, was investigated at different stages of annealing. The basal texture was significantly weakened as a result of the formation of new grains with a largely altered c-axis orientation relative to the initial basal orientation owing to discontinuous static recrystallization during primary recrystallization. The new grains nucleated mostly at the pre-existing grain boundaries rather than at the intersections of twins or within the twins. Subsequent grain growth led to further progression of the texture weakening accompanied by an enhancement in the basal pole inclination.     

热轧Mg-1Zn和Mg-1Y合金退火组织演变及静态再结晶行为

对比研究了高温轧制制备的Mg-1.02Zn及Mg-0.76Y(质量分数,%)合金在不同温度退火条件下的组织演变及静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学行为.结果表明,Mg-1Zn合金的轧制组织以剪切带和孪晶为主,在剪切带和孪晶内伴随着动态再结晶;而Mg-1Y合金的轧制组织中只有孪晶,未观察到剪切带和再结晶发生.退火过程中,Mg-1Zn合金静态再结晶过程主要受控于形核过程,而Mg-1Y合金则既受控于形核过程又受控于长大过程.利用经典的JMAK模型和长大模型分别描述了2种合金热轧制后的静态再结晶和晶粒长大动力学过程,结果表明,静态再结晶过程的Avrami因子n值与理想预测值偏离可能来自于再结晶的不均匀形核.固溶稀土Y原子比Zn原子对晶界移动的拖曳作用更强,导致Mg-1Y合金比Mg-1Zn合金晶粒长大因子n’更高.     

Evolution of microstructure and microtexture upon recrystallization of submicrocrystalline niobium

Laws of recrystallization in niobium after a submicrocrystalline structure was formed in it by high pressure torsion at room temperature are studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Recrystallization is shown to begin at 300 °C due to the growth of individual microcrystallites. Continuous recrystallization develops in the temperature range 300–800°С. As isothermal annealing temperature is increased, the area occupied by recrystallized grains, which (110) planes are parallel to the sample surface, increases to 90%. Discontinuous and continuous recrystallization that takes place simultaneously upon annealing at 900°С results in grain refinement and more pronounced size inhomogeneity in the structure. The grain refinement is accompanied by a smearing of the recrystallization texture.