梯度孔径FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料的制备与性能

先以Fe、Al元素粉末为原料,采用偏扩散/反应合成-烧结工艺制备FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料支撑体,再用粉末湿法喷涂技术将羰基Fe-25Al混合粉喷涂于支撑体表面,经过压制和真空烧结,获得具有梯度孔径的FeAl多孔材料。通过XRD、SEM等测试手段对烧结后的支撑体以及孔结构性能进行表征,并研究压制压力对FeAl多孔材料孔结构性能的影响。结果表明,梯度孔径FeAl多孔材料的最大孔径、透气度及开孔隙度都随压制压力升高而减小。但相对于支撑体,涂层压制压力为120 MPa时最大孔径和透气度分别减小76.46%和32.86%,而开孔隙度略有增大。     

粉末烧结溶解法制备多孔镍及其结构特性

为了制备镍多孔过滤材料,本文以镍粉为原料,以K2CO3为造孔剂,采用烧结溶解法制备了不同孔隙率镍多孔试样。本文讨论了造孔剂体积分数、压坯压力、烧结温度对样品孔隙率、孔径和透气度的影响,以及孔隙率与抗压强度的关系。研究表明:当造孔剂添加量在10%～40%时,样品孔隙率θ为27. 8%～52. 4%。当压坯压力在100～400 MPa时,随压力增大样品孔隙率、孔径和透气度均降低;烧结温度在1000～1250℃时,随烧结温度升高,孔径和透气度先增大后缓慢降低,在1150℃出现峰值。当造孔剂体积分数为30%,压制压力200 MPa时,烧结温度为1150℃时,所制备多孔镍孔隙率为40. 56%,最大孔径为26. 7μm,透气度255. 01 m3·(h·kPa·m2)-1,抗压强度为24. 12 MPa。     

造孔剂含量对粉末轧制制备多孔钛合金板的影响北大核心

采用体积分数为40%~70%的碳酸氢铵颗粒做造孔剂,通过粉末轧制技术成功制备了孔隙率为42.8%~68.5%的大尺寸多孔TC4钛合金板材。结果表明:当轧制工艺不变时,轧制压力和生板坯厚度随造孔剂含量的增加而降低。低温脱除造孔剂后高温高真空烧结制备所得的多孔钛合金板的孔隙率,随造孔剂含量的增加而增加,当造孔剂体积分数为60%~70%时,孔隙连接度增大,孔隙变均匀,孔隙率最高可达68.5%。当造孔剂体积分数由40%增加至70%时,多孔钛合金板的抗拉强度由124.7 MPa迅速降低至12.7 MPa;随着造孔剂含量的增加,多孔钛合金的受力由孔壁向孔棱过渡,断裂面不断减少。     

造孔剂含量对粉末轧制制备多孔钛合金板的影响

采用体积分数为40%～70%的碳酸氢铵颗粒做造孔剂,通过粉末轧制技术成功制备了孔隙率为42.8%～68.5%的大尺寸多孔TC4钛合金板材。结果表明:当轧制工艺不变时,轧制压力和生板坯厚度随造孔剂含量的增加而降低。低温脱除造孔剂后高温高真空烧结制备所得的多孔钛合金板的孔隙率,随造孔剂含量的增加而增加,当造孔剂体积分数为60%～70%时,孔隙连接度增大,孔隙变均匀,孔隙率最高可达68.5%。当造孔剂体积分数由40%增加至70%时,多孔钛合金板的抗拉强度由124.7 MPa迅速降低至12.7 MPa;随着造孔剂含量的增加,多孔钛合金的受力由孔壁向孔棱过渡,断裂面不断减少。     

多孔镍毛细芯的制备及其力学性能

以羰基镍粉为原料,选用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)作为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金方法制备孔结构和孔隙可控的多孔镍毛细芯。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等检测手段对多孔镍的物相组成、孔隙特征和力学性能进行检测和分析。研究烧结温度、造孔剂PMMA含量和粒径对多孔镍的孔结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随烧结温度升高,多孔镍孔隙率减小,孔径变小,力学性能升高;随造孔剂PMMA含量和粉末粒径增大,孔隙率增加,孔径增大,力学性能下降。在烧结温度为800℃,PMMA体积分数为80%、粉末粒径为5μm条件下制备的多孔镍综合性能最佳,孔隙率为71.9%,平均孔径为2.37μm,抗弯强度和抗压强度分别为25.3 MPa和8.7 MPa。     

造孔剂法制备多孔镍及其性能

添加氯化钠作为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金方法制备高孔隙率小孔径多孔镍。对多孔镍的孔隙特征、力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：通过调整造孔剂比例、烧结温度及冷却时间工艺参数,可以制备出孔隙率为60.84%～64.92%,平均孔径为0.20～8.80μm,小于20μm孔径占比为92.0%～96.1%,压缩屈服强度为8.9～13.4 MPa的多孔镍;随着烧结后冷却时间的增加,平均孔径减小,压缩强度呈增加趋势。     

注射成形制备TiNi多孔材料

利用粉末注射成形工艺制备了TiNi多孔材料,研究了注射喂料的流变性能,造孔剂NaCl对多孔材料性能的影响。试验结果表明:喂料的流变性能良好;造孔剂可以显著提高材料的孔隙度、孔径;能谱分析和X射线物相分析没有发现NaCl残留,TiNi多孔材料主要由Ni3Ti、Ti2Ni、TiNi、TiC相组成。     

放电等离子烧结法制备以升华性材料为造孔剂的人体植入骨替代多孔镁块体材料

以萘为造孔剂, 采用放电等离子烧结技术(spark plasma sintering, SPS)制备多孔镁块体材料。结果表明, 采用放电等离子烧结技术在470℃时可以制备出结构与尺寸可控性好、开孔率与孔隙率(44.25%)较高、粉体颗粒无明显长大的多孔金属镁块体材料。升华性造孔剂可对孔隙体积进行有效调节, 实现多孔镁材料体内小孔与大孔的合理搭配, 进一步改善多孔镁材料孔隙之间的连通性。将升华性造孔剂与放电等离子烧结技术相结合后, 对于开孔性与颗粒连接性要求较高的多孔金属材料制备具有技术优势, 并对解决传统造孔剂法制备生物多孔金属材料所面临的二次污染问题具有很好的借鉴意义。     

造孔剂(NH_4)_2CO_3含量对FeAl多孔材料性能的影响

以Fe、Al元素粉末为原料,通过添加造孔剂(NH4)2CO3,利用偏扩散/反应合成,制备具有可控孔结构特征、高孔隙率的FeAl多孔材料;采用XRD、SEM、OM及孔结构与力学性能检测等测试手段研究造孔剂(NH4)2CO3添加量对FeAl多孔材料的孔结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明,随造孔剂添加量增加,FeAl多孔材料的孔隙率升高,当造孔剂质量分数为15%时,孔隙率高达60%;力学性能随孔隙率增加而下降,抗弯强度与孔隙率呈指数递减关系;并得出了孔隙率与抗拉强度关系的定量方程σb=165(1-p)2.4。     

粉末粒径和压制压力对316L不锈钢多孔材料结构特性的影响

以气雾化316L不锈钢球形粉末为原料,通过压制、烧结工艺制备多孔过滤材料。在烧结温度、保温时间等其他制备工艺参数一定的情况下,着重分析粉末粒径、压制压力对多孔材料孔隙度、最大孔径和透过性能的影响规律,建立其相互关系方程。结果表明:多孔材料孔隙度主要受压制压力的影响,随压制压力的增大而减小,孔隙度的1.9倍与压制压力的平方根呈指数关系。相比于压制压力,多孔材料的最大孔径主要受粉末粒径的影响,随粉末粒径的增大而增大,两者之间呈线性关系;多孔材料的相对透气系数受粉末粒径和孔隙度的共同影响。在孔隙度一定的情况下,相对透气系数与粉末粒径的平方呈线性关系。     

Preparation, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel Based Porous Spherical Superalioy

The porous superalloy materials with hollow spherical pores were fabricated by using metal powder sintering process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation was applied to the test samples and it revealed that the pores of the porous material exhibited a uniform distribution and the apertures were of same size in principle. The sintering necks appeared between adjacent particles on metal skeleton after sintering. The mechanical properties of the test samples were analyzed and the result showed that this kind of materials possessed excellent energy absorption capability, and the compression resistance decreased with increasing the porosity and aperture.     

Preparation, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel Based Porous Spherical Superalloy

 The porous superalloy materials with hollow spherical pores were fabricated by using metal powder sintering process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation was applied to the test samples and it revealed that the pores of the porous material exhibited a uniform distribution and the apertures were of same size in principle. The sintering necks appeared between adjacent particles on metal skeleton after sintering. The mechanical properties of the test samples were analyzed and the result showed that this kind of materials possessed excellent energy absorption capability, and the compression resistance decreased with increasing the porosity and aperture.     

添加升华性造孔剂的放电等离子法制备多孔铝块体材料

为解决高孔隙率多孔金属材料制备过程中的污染问题,以升华性萘颗粒为造孔剂,采用放电等离子脉冲烧结法(SPS)进行多孔铝块体材料的制备。结果表明,升华性造孔剂可在实现多孔铝材料高孔隙率的同时,有效提高其洁净度。采用该方法在350℃时可以制备出结构与尺寸可控性好、开孔效果好、孔隙率(63.33%)较高、粉体颗粒无明显长大的多孔金属铝块体材料。升华性造孔剂可对孔隙体积进行有效调节,实现多孔铝材料体内小孔与大孔的合理搭配,进一步改善多孔铝材料孔隙之间的连通性,该方法与SPS烧结技术相结合后,对于开孔性与颗粒连接性要求较高的多孔金属材料制备具有技术优势。     

制备铁基高温合金多孔材料的新方法

向Fe-Cr-W-Ti-Y合金粉末中添加原子比为3∶1的Fe/Al混合粉末,利用Kirkendall效应和Fe、Al反应造孔制备铁基高温合金多孔材料.研究Fe/Al混合粉末的添加量对Fe-Cr-W-Ti-Y高温多孔材料开孔隙率及孔结构的影响.结果表明,加入Fe/Al混合粉末能显著提高烧结坯的开孔隙率,但并非所加Fe/Al混合粉末含量越多越好,Fe/Al混合粉末质量分数为15％时,烧结坯开孔隙率达到最大值33％.Fe/Al混合粉添加量在15％～45％范围内,随Fe/Al混合粉末含量增加烧结坯的开孔隙率下降.     

Porous titanium processed by powder injection moulding of titanium hydride and space holders

Abstract

Biocompatibility, bone-like mechanical properties, and good bone-to-implant anchorage are current requirements for permanent implants. Porous titanium can satisfy these requirements provided that sufficient porosity, large enough pores and interconnections allowing bone ingrowth can reliably be obtained with controlled processes. In the present work, porous parts are processed from titanium hydride based feedstocks containing space holders. Two formulations have been developed: a feedstock with a polyethyleneglycol based binder and NaCl space holders, and a feedstock with a paraffin based binder and PMMA space holders. Depending on the sintering conditions, porosity levels between 30 and 60% and open porosity between 10 and 40% are obtained, with pore sizes in the range 50–500 μm. The microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of porous titanium sintered at various temperatures have been characterised by scanning electron microscopy and compression tests.     

Character of porosity of compact materials obtained from metalorganics

The possibility of obtaining highly porous (60–80% pores) materials by combining techniques of powder metallurgy with chemical-metallurgical processes of formation of nanodimensional activators of sintering during the thermal destruction of metalorganics is shown. It is noted that, irrespective of the composition of starting charges, the surface porosity of such materials is represented by pores <30 μm, the fraction of which does not exceed 1%. The basis (86–89%) is represented by pores <4 μm. The character of porosity inside the sintered articles is determined by the sizes and shape of the powderlike skeleton material introduced into the starting charge to prevent the outflow of metalorganics during thermal treatment. When using powders with highly developed particle surfaces as such, the character of the internal porosity is similar to the surface porosity. The combination of scale particles up to 100 μm in size and highly dispersed (<10 μm) particles promotes the formation of long porous channels (100–350 μm) 10–50 μm in width.     

NaCl造孔剂添加量对多孔NiTi合金孔结构和力学性能的影响

选用Na Cl作为造孔剂,采用压制+烧结法制备孔结构和弹性模量可控的多孔Ni Ti形状记忆合金,采用SEM,XRD和形状回复率检测等测试手段研究造孔剂添加量对Ni Ti形状记忆合金的孔结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随Na Cl添加量增加,多孔体孔隙率从39%上升到72%,孔径大于50μm的孔隙数量明显增加;多孔体主要由Ni Ti奥氏体相(B2)和马氏体相(B19′)组成,并存在少量Ni Ti2,Ni3Ti和Ni4Ti3等相;合金的弹性模量随造孔剂的添加从30%时的10.8 GPa下降到70%时的1.5 GPa;当添加量为50%时,多孔体孔隙分布均匀,大于50μm的孔隙占45%,弹性模量为4.8 GPa,形状回复率达到最高值83%,最适合多孔植入体的要求。     

添加Cr合金化FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料的制备及性能

在Fe-25%Al金属间化合物成分基础上,添加铬(Cr)元素进行合金化,通过元素偏扩散-反应合成-烧结的方法制备含Cr的铁铝(FeAl)金属间化合物多孔材料,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析反应合成过程中的物相变化,采用孔结构测试仪、排水法、弯曲试验和冲击试验研究Cr含量对FeAl金属间化合物多孔材料孔结构和力学性能的影响,通过静态腐蚀实验研究Cr合金化FeAl多孔材料的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:Cr含量为20%时,制得的FeAl多孔材料物相仍为单一FeAl相;其中,Cr含量为5%~10%时,FeAl多孔材料的强度和韧性值较高;随Cr含量增加,FeAl多孔材料的孔径和孔隙度均增大,材料的氧化和硫化速率显著降低。     

Mechanics of sintering materials with bimodal pore distribution. II. Mean-square strain rate for the solid phase of a biporous body and instability of the monomodal pore structure during constrained sintering

Sintering of materials with a bimodal porous structure under conditions of external kinematic limitations that make their macroscopic deformation impossible is considered. It is established that in contrast to materials that contain pores of the same size, with sintering of materials that have a bimodal pore distribution under the conditions indicated above there is deformation within the limits of the matrix material. It is demonstrated that a monomodal pore structure under the same conditions is not stable, in the sense that small disturbance of the uniform pore distribution with respect to size may lead to marked stratification during sintering. Tangential stresses that arise in the solid phase as a result of the existence of two types of pores are evaluated. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 1–2(447), pp. 36–44, January–February, 2006.