颗粒尺寸对微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的显微结构及力学性能的影响（英文）

以不同颗粒尺寸的Ni/Ti粉末为原料,采用微波烧结技术制备了多孔NiTi合金,并系统考察了颗粒尺寸对多孔NiTi合金的显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着颗粒尺寸的减小,多孔NiTi合金中的Ti_2Ni和Ni_3Ti第二相减少而单质Ni相消失。同时,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙形貌由带尖角的不规则形状向近球形转变。此外,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率和孔径随着颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,而洛氏硬度、抗压强度和抗弯强度均下降。因此,减小颗粒尺寸有利于获得理想的显微结构(纯净的物相和均匀的孔隙结构)和提高微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的力学性能。     

SPS制备NiTi表面多孔梯度合金的组织演变与力学性能研究

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了基体为NiTi、表面为多孔NiTi的生物医用梯度合金,研究了烧结温度对梯度合金的微观结构、显微组织演变、表面孔隙特征及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,合金由Ti、Ni、Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti混合相逐渐演变为以NiTi相为主及少量残留Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti相组成的组织,基体与多孔层界面处裂纹及缺陷逐渐减少并形成稳定的冶金结合,内外层晶粒不断细化,但过高的烧结温度会导致多孔层孔隙融合连通,使得梯度结构遭到破坏,同时表面多孔层孔隙率与平均孔径呈缓慢减小趋势;合金压缩弹性模量随烧结温度升高变化不明显,而抗压强度呈显著增大趋势。与块体NiTi合金及多孔NiTi合金相比,所制备梯度合金不仅具有良好的界面结合和表层孔隙特征、较高的抗压强度及较低的弹性模量,还具有优异的超弹性性能。     

SPS烧结温度对NiTi/表面多孔Ti梯度合金组织和性能的影响

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备NiTi/表面多孔Ti梯度合金,研究不同烧结温度对梯度合金微观组织、表面孔隙特征、力学性能及体外生物活性的影响及机理。结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,梯度合金组织由NiTi、α-Ti、Ni、Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti混合相逐渐转变为单一NiTi和α-Ti相,内外层界面形成良好冶金结合,表面孔隙率和平均孔径呈缓慢减小趋势;同时抗压强度值快速增大而弹性模量值变化不大;1000℃制备的梯度合金不仅具有良好的表面孔隙特征(孔隙率35.8%、平均孔径423μm)、较高的抗压强度(632 MPa)、较低的弹性模量(9 GPa)及优异的超弹性行为(超弹性恢复应变4%),而且体外生物活性显著提高。     

TiC含量对多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料组织及力学性能的影响

采用微波烧结技术制备了多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料,研究了TiC含量和NH_4HCO_3含量对复合材料的显微组织、抗压强度和抗弯强度的影响。结果表明,TiC颗粒均匀弥散地分布在多孔NiTi合金基体中,TiC与NiTi基体界面结合良好。多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料由NiTi、Ni_3Ti、Ti_2Ni和TiC相组成。TiC颗粒未改变多孔NiTi合金的相组成,但使合金孔隙数量减少而孔径增大。随着TiC含量的增加,多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料的孔隙率增大。当NH_4HCO_3含量为0时,随着TiC含量的增加,多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料的抗压强度和弹性模量先增加后降低,在5 mass%时达到最大值,分别为1663.22 MPa和6.87 GPa。当NH_4HCO_3含量为10%时,复合材料的抗压强度和弹性模量随TiC含量的增加而下降。TiC颗粒的添加对多孔NiTi合金的抗弯强度具有负面影响,复合材料的抗弯强度随着TiC含量的增加而下降。此外,NH_4HCO_3可大幅度增加多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料的孔隙率,但同时也大幅度降低复合材料的抗压强度和抗弯强度。     

Ni含量和烧结压力对SPS法制备NiTi合金显微组织及摩擦学性能的影响

采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结法(SPS)在1000℃制备了NiTi合金,研究了镍含量和烧结压力对NiTi合金致密度、显微组织、显微硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明：通过高能球磨后,粉末颗粒尺寸减小,随着镍含量增加,Ni相衍射峰向高角度偏移。NiTi合金致密度随着烧结压力增大而增大,在低烧结压力下,合金致密度随着镍含量增加从94.7%降低到84.6%;在高烧结压力下,合金致密度随着镍含量增加表现出先增加后减小的趋势,在镍含量为45%(质量分数,下同)时,合金致密度最低。NiTi合金中主要由NiTi相、NiTi₂相和Ni₃Ti相组成,Ni₃Ti相含量随着镍含量和烧结压力增大而增大,并且镍含量和烧结压力增大会引起Ni₃Ti相晶格畸变。随着镍含量从0%增加到65%时,合金显微硬度先增大后减小,在镍含量为50%时,显微硬度最大。在相同化学成分下,合金显微硬度随着烧结压力增大而增大。增大镍含量和烧结压力会降低NiTi合金磨损率,显著提高合金耐磨性。室温下NiTi合金的磨损机制是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的制备工艺

以NH_4HCO_3为造孔剂,利用元素粉末混合烧结法制备了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金。研究了压制压力、烧结温度和烧结时间对多孔NiTi合金孔结构的影响,并分析了其物相组成。结果表明:随压制压力的增加,平均孔径和孔隙率逐渐减小;随烧结温度提高,多孔NiTi合金的平均孔径减小、孔隙率先增加后减少,孔隙分布趋于均匀;随烧结时间延长,多孔NiTi合金的平均孔径及孔隙率先增加后减少。在造孔剂添加量50%,压制压力250 MPa,烧结温度1000℃,烧结时间6 h条件下可制备出孔结构均匀(平均孔径为314μm,孔隙率56.3%)的多孔NiTi合金,其基体相为B2(NiTi)相。     

工艺参数对Micro-FAST制备多孔NiTi合金的影响

采用Micro-FAST技术成功制备出多孔NiTi合金,烧结时间短,成本低,节能环保。研究结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,试样的孔隙度先减小后增加,再略微减小,有害相NiTi_2和Ni_3Ti减少,趋于形成NiTi单相。当烧结温度为1100℃时,试样孔隙分布均匀,随着烧结保温时间的延长,烧结试样孔隙度高达32.2%,孔径范围在100μm左右,符合人体骨组织植入物的要求。     

轻质高强NiTi形状记忆合金的制备及其超弹性行为

采用球形尿素颗粒预造孔工艺结合梯级粉末烧结方法制备出孔形规则、孔径大的轻质高强多孔NiTi形状记忆合金.通过控制造孔剂(尿素)的含量可有效调节多孔合金的孔隙特征,获得孔径均匀,孔形圆整和孔隙率可控的样品,其中孔径为296-732 um,孔隙率为31%-61.6%;尿素形状和尺寸对多孔合金的孔隙特征有决定性影响,具有几何形态遗传性;尿素对多孔NiTi合金的组成相影响很小,相变仍具有马氏体相变特征;合金具有优良的力学性能和稳定的线性超弹性.     

LOW DENSITY AND HIGH STRENGTH NiTi MEMORY ALLOYS WITH CONTROLLABLE PORE CHARATERISTICS AND THEIR SUPERELASTICITY

采用球形尿素颗粒预造孔工艺结合梯级粉末烧结方法制备出孔形规则、孔径大的轻质高 强多孔NiTi形状记忆合金. 通过控制造孔剂(尿素)的含量可有效调节多孔合金的孔隙特征, 获得孔径均匀、孔形圆整和孔隙率可控的样品, 其中孔径为296-732 um, 孔隙率为31%-61.6%; 尿素形状和尺寸对多孔合金的孔隙特征有决定性影响, 具 有几何形态遗传性; 尿素对多孔NiTi合金的组成相影响很小, 相变仍具有马氏体相变特征; 合金具有优良的力学性能和稳定的线性超弹性.     

医用多孔NiTi合金的显微组织、力学性能及耐蚀性

采用气氛烧结法制备了生物医用多孔Ni Ti合金,考察了造孔剂碳酸氢铵含量对合金显微结构、抗弯强度、弹性模量和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,多孔Ni Ti合金主要含有Ni Ti合金相及少量Ti2Ni和Ni3Ti杂质相组成,碳酸氢铵含量对合金的相组成无显著影响。随着碳酸氢铵含量的增加,多孔Ni Ti合金的孔隙率增加、孔径增大,而抗弯强度和弹性模量降低,在模拟体液Hank’s溶液中的耐蚀性变差。多孔Ni Ti合金孔隙率为36%~62%,孔径为50~300μm,抗弯强度为22~220 MPa,弹性模量为0.7~6 GPa,这些参数均与人体骨组织极为接近,说明此多孔Ni Ti合金是非常有前途承重硬组织替代材料。     

Preparation and characterization of porous NiTi alloys synthesized by microwave sintering using Mg space holder

To obtain the lightweight, high strength, and high damping capacity porous NiTi alloys, the microwave sintering coupled with the Mg space holder technique was employed to prepare the porous NiTi alloys. The microstructure, mechanical properties, phase transformation behavior, superelasticity, and damping capacity of the porous NiTi alloys were investigated. The results show that the porous NiTi alloys are mainly composed of the B2 NiTi phase with a few B19′ NiTi phase as the sintering temperature is lower than or equal to 900 °C. With increasing the sintering temperature, the porosities of the porous NiTi alloys gradually decrease and the compressive strength increases first, reaching the maximum value at 900 °C, and then decreases. With increasing the Mg content from 1 wt.% to 7 wt.%, the porosities of the porous NiTi alloys increase from 37.8% to 47.1%, while the compressive strength decreases from 2058 to 1146 MPa. Compared with the NH₄HCO₃ space holder, the phase transformation behavior of the porous NiTi alloys prepared with Mg space holder changes, and all of the compressive strength, superelasticity, shape memory effect and damping capacity are greatly improved.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves alloys

Two Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves phase alloys with chemical compositions ofNi-39Ti-11Si and Ni-42Ti-8Si （%, mole fraction, the same below）, respectively, were fabricated by the laser melting deposition manufacturing process, aiming at studying the effect of Ti, Si contents on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. The Ni-39Ti-llSi alloy consisting of Ti2Ni3Si primary dendrites and Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic matrix is a conventional hypereutectic Laves phase alloy while the Ni-42Ti-8Si alloy being made up of NiTi primary dendrites uniformly distributed in Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic is a new hypoeutectic alloy. Mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by nano-indentation test. The results show that the decrease of Si and the increase of Ti contents change the microstructures of the alloys from hypereutectic to hypoeutectic, which influences the mechanical properties of the alloys remarkably. Corrosion behaviors of the alloys were also evaluated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves.     

多相V-Ti-Ni氢分离合金显微组织与力学性能

研究了多相V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x(x=10,15,20)系列氢分离合金的显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能。V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x合金铸锭显微组织均由枝晶相V基固溶体和枝晶间相NiTi和NiTi_2组成。随着合金中Ti和Ni的含量增加,枝晶间相在合金中体积占比增大,形成连续网状,阻止枝晶臂的连接。在室温下,合金整体硬度、抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率均随Ti、Ni含量增加而升高。V基固溶体和NiTi_2相是影响3种合金的整体硬度的主要因素。3种合金在室温下均属于脆性材料。合金中NiTi相含量对合金的延伸率有较大影响。     

Reproducibility Study of NiTi Parts Made by Metal Injection Molding

Powder metallurgy (P/M) is an attractive manufacturing process for net-shaped NiTi parts considering the limited machinability of NiTi alloys. Nevertheless, the industrial implementation of P/M processing for NiTi alloys is not trivial. To become competitive to manufacturing of NiTi alloys based on established ingot metallurgy, combination of fully pronounced shape memory behavior with sufficient mechanical properties is required. Successful use of P/M technology is strongly influenced by high affinity of NiTi alloys for uptake of oxygen and carbon, which leads to the formation of oxygen-containing Ti₂Ni and TiC phases coupled with increase of Ni content in the matrix. In the case of Ni-rich NiTi alloys, this increase leads to a shift of phase transformation temperatures to lower values. Furthermore, precipitation of Ni₄Ti₃ during cooling from sintering temperature is difficult to avoid. Even if these precipitates might be used to decrease the Ni:Ti ratio of the matrix balancing oxygen and carbon uptake, significant loss of ductility arises, especially in the case of finely dispersed Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates. In the present work, each step of P/M manufacturing is discussed regarding its influence on the specific properties of NiTi alloys. The work is based on the application of prealloyed, gas atomized NiTi powders. Metal injection molding was used for net-shaped manufacturing of tensile samples, which enabled detailed study of sintering behavior combined with investigation of shape memory and mechanical properties depending on particle size, oxygen and carbon content as well as precipitation of Ni₄Ti₃ phase.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys by In Situ Laser Directed Energy DepositionEI北大核心CSCD

以Ni粉与Ti粉为原料,采用激光定向能量沉积(LDED)技术制备NiTi形状记忆合金。利用XRD、物相拟合、SEM、EDS和DSC等测试方法,对NiTi合金的显微组织、物相含量和物相转变进行分析,随后采用压缩圆柱样品进行形状记忆效应测试,并评估其形状记忆效应。激光能量密度较低时,NiTi合金中产生大量Ni_(4)Ti_(3)相沉淀,随着激光能量密度增加,Ni_(4)Ti_(3)相消失。激光能量密度为20.0 J/mm^(2)时,NiTi合金具有2878 MPa的压缩断裂强度与34.9%的压缩失效应变,且样品在循环20 cyc后具有88.2%形状记忆恢复率。     

Ti含量对Ni53Mn23.5Ga23.5-xTix铁磁性形状记忆合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、示差扫描热分析、交流磁化率测试和室温压缩试验等方法系统研究Ti含量对Ni53Mn23.5Ga23.5-xTix (x=0, 0.5, 2, 3.5, 8, 15)合金的显微组织、相变行为、力学行为和磁学特性的影响规律。结果表明：Ti元素在合金中的极限固溶度低于15%;随着Ti含量的增加,合金的相变温度和断裂强度及断裂应变先逐渐增加后降低,其断裂方式由沿晶断裂转变为穿晶断裂再到沿晶断裂;而合金的居里温度随Ti含量的增加逐渐降低     

Highly Porous NiTi with Isotropic Pore Morphology Fabricated by Self-Propagated High-Temperature Synthesis

Highly porous NiTi with isotropic pore morphology has been successfully produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of elemental Ni/Ti metallic powders. The effects of adding urea and NaCl as temporary pore fillers were investigated on pore morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and the phase transformation temperatures of specimens. These parameters were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Highly porous specimens were obtained with up to 83% total porosity and pore sizes between 300 and 500 μm in diameter. Results show pore characteristics were improved from anisotropic to isotropic and pore morphology was changed from channel-like to irregular by adding pore filler powders. Furthermore, the highly porous specimens produced when using urea as a space holder, were of more uniform composition in comparison to NaCl. DSC results showed that a two-step martensitic phase transformation takes place during the cooling cycles and the austenite finish temperature (A _f) is close to human body temperature. Compression test results reveal that the compressive strength of highly porous NiTi is about 155 MPa and recoverable strain about 6% in superelasticity regime.     

钛镍多孔材料的制备及其显微组织与形状记忆性能

采用粉末烧结法制备了高孔隙率的Ti-50.8 at%Ni形状记忆合金(SMA),并对其显微组织和形状记忆性能进行了研究。结果表明,用该种方法制备的多孔合金样品具有孔隙分布均匀以及开孔率高的特点,其平均孔径在200μm左右。合金组织主要由奥氏体NiTi相(B2)和单斜马氏体NiTi相(B19’)组成。循环加载-卸载实验结果表明,该多孔材料能表现出一定的形状记忆效应,而且形状记忆效应随孔隙率的增加而降低。     

热爆反应合成多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的性能

利用热爆方法来制备了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金.研究了在不同热爆温度下制备出的样品与其机械性能之间的关系.结果表明:在1 223 K下热爆反应制备的NiTi合金,具有大的孔隙度,高开孔率和基本各向同性,同时表现出较好的超弹性.对断口分析发现,断裂为脆性断裂和韧性断裂的复合.这表明改善孔洞分布和形态,可以极大地提高多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的机械性能和超弹性.