An Ameliorated Design Method of ML‐AHB BusMatrix

The multi‐layer advanced high‐performance bus (ML‐AHB) BusMatrix proposed by ARM is an excellent architecture for applying embedded systems with low power. However, there is one clock cycle delay for each master in the ML‐AHB BusMatrix of the advanced microcontroller bus architecture (AMBA) design kit (ADK) whenever a master starts new transactions or changes the slave layers. In this letter, we propose an improved design method to remove the one clock cycle delay in the ML‐AHB BusMatrix of an ADK. We also remarkably reduce the total area and power consumption of the ML‐AHB BusMatrix of an ADK with the elimination of the heavy input stages.     

RQRP protocol for video delivery over IP

The Digital Audio‐Visual Council has adopted the Request/Reply (RQRP) protocol, proposed by one of the authors, for the delivery mechanism of MPEG video streams. In this paper, we investigate the network characteristics of the RQRP protocol and analyse the protocol's performance via both simulation as well as actual experimental results. In this simulation, the RQRP protocol was mathematically an ideal model first and later, a feedback control system. Simulation results showed that, for both models, the network traffic is able to follow the playout rate at the receiver. In the case of the latter, which involves a simpler implementation, oscillation in network traffic is observed. A video‐on‐demand (VoD) system using the RQRP protocol was developed and experiments were performed. The results obtained are consistent with the simulation results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新一代SDH关键技术和动态带宽分配的实现

首先介绍了为解决传说SDH传输技术存在的多业务（主要是宽带数据业务）承载能力不足和带宽分配缺乏灵活性等问题而出现的一系列新技术（如虚级联、链路容量调整方案，通用成帧规程等）的基本原理和特点，并在此基础上进一步讨论了如何实现SDH带宽动态分配的问题。     

DRIFS-TDMA: a proposal for a satellite access distributed-control algorithm for multimedia traffic in a faded environment

Most demand assignment time division multiple access (TDMA) satellite access protocols use centralized-control access schemes, rather than distributed ones, because their simplicity and robustness usually compensates for the longer allocation delay. Starting from the fifo ordered demand assignment/information bit energy adapter (FODA/IBEA) centralized-control protocol, we studied two distributed-control protocols, named distributed allocation with request in fixed slots (DRIFS) and faded environments effective distributed engineering redundant signalling (FEEDERS) respectively, for accessing a geostationary satellite channel. Multimedia traffic and faded environments were considered in the study of both access schemes. This paper presents the DRIFS proposal, together with the recovery procedures from critical events, the handling of which is central to the discussion of a distributed satellite access protocol. Probabilities of such events are also estimated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrodynamically Guided Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Peptide–Protein Bioinks

Effective integration of molecular self‐assembly and additive manufacturing would provide a technological leap in bioprinting. This article reports on a biofabrication system based on the hydrodynamically guided co‐assembly of peptide amphiphiles (PAs) with naturally occurring biomolecules and proteins to generate hierarchical constructs with tuneable molecular composition and structural control. The system takes advantage of droplet‐on‐demand inkjet printing to exploit interfacial fluid forces and guide molecular self‐assembly into aligned or disordered nanofibers, hydrogel structures of different geometries and sizes, surface topographies, and higher‐ordered constructs bound by molecular diffusion. PAs are designed to co‐assemble during printing in cell diluent conditions with a range of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and biomolecules including fibronectin, collagen, keratin, elastin‐like proteins, and hyaluronic acid. Using combinations of these molecules, NIH‐3T3 and adipose derived stem cells are bioprinted within complex structures while exhibiting high cell viability (>88%). By integrating self‐assembly with 3D‐bioprinting, the study introduces a novel biofabrication platform capable of encapsulating and spatially distributing multiple cell types within tuneable pericellular environments. In this way, the work demonstrates the potential of the approach to generate complex bioactive scaffolds for applications such as tissue engineering, in vitro models, and drug screening.