Efficient and secure business model for content centric network using elliptic curve cryptography

Initially, Internet has evolved as a resource sharing model where resources are identified by IP addresses. However, with rapid technological advancement, resources/hardware has become cheap and thus, the need of sharing hardware over Internet is reduced. Moreover, people are using Internet mainly for information exchange and hence, Internet has gradually shifted from resource sharing to information sharing model. To meet the recent growing demand of information exchange, Content Centric Network (CCN) is envisaged as a clean‐slate future network architecture which is specially destined for smooth content distribution over Internet. In CCN, content is easily made available using network caching mechanism which is misaligned with the existing business policy of content providers/publishers in IP‐based Internet. Hence, the transition from contemporary IP‐based Internet to CCN demands attention for redesigning the business policy of the content publishers/providers. In this paper, we have proposed efficient and secure communication protocols for flexible CCN business model to protect the existing business policies of the content publisher while maintaining the salient CCN features like in‐network content caching and Interest packet aggregation. To enhance the efficiency and security, the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is used. The proposed ECC‐based scheme is analyzed to show that it is resilient to relevant existing cryptographic attacks. The performance analysis in terms of less computation and communication overheads and increased efficiency is given. Moreover, a formal security verification of the proposed scheme is done using widely used AVISPA simulator and BAN logic that shows our scheme is well secured.     

一种基于VANET典型应用的安全鉴别机制

针对车联网中存在的信息安全问题,阐述了车载环境无线接入的安全鉴别研究现状,并提出了一种基于车载自组网（VANET）典型应用的安全鉴别机制,为解决车联网中通信的安全性和时效性冲突问题给出了一种思路。     

Towards efficient data collection mechanisms in the vehicular ad hoc networks

Recently, the fast growth of communication technology has led to the design and implementation of different types of networks in different environments. One of these remarkable networks is vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The ubiquitous connectivity among vehicles is possible through VANET in the absence of fixed infrastructure. Moreover, it provides safety and comfort to people sitting in the vehicles. In this regard, collecting information from vehicles that are moved constantly is an essential challenge. To develop an efficient method for data collection in the VANET, some parameters must be considered such as data aggregation, latency, packet delivery ratio, packet loss, scalability, security, transmission overhead, and vehicle density. Since data collection has a significant importance in the VANET, the aim of this study is to investigate the existing methods and describe the types of important issues and challenging problems that can be addressed in data collection in the VANET. The data collection techniques are investigated in four primary groups, namely, topology‐based, cluster‐based, geocast‐based, and fog‐based. Also, the mentioned parameters are important to compare all of the presented techniques.     

车载AdHoc网络

车载自组织网络（VANET）作为移动自组织网络（MANET）的特殊子类,因其在智能交通和车载娱乐方面的广阔应用前景,目前受到业界的普遍关注。VANET的主要特点是车辆高速行驶、信道快速衰落、多普勒效应严重、网络拓扑变化快,由此将带来许多传输和组网的问题。     

VDNet: an infrastructure‐less UAV‐assisted sparse VANET system with vehicle location prediction

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has been a hot topic in the past few years. Compared with vehicular networks where vehicles are densely distributed, sparse VANET have more realistic significance. The first challenge of a sparse VANET system is that the network suffers from frequent disconnections. The second challenge is to adapt the transmission route to the dynamic mobility pattern of the vehicles. Also, some infrastructural requirements are hard to meet when deploying a VANET widely. Facing these challenges, we devise an infrastructure‐less unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted VANET system called V ehicle‐D rone hybrid vehicular ad hoc Net work (VDNet), which utilizes UAVs, particularly quadrotor drones, to boost vehicle‐to‐vehicle data message transmission under instructions conducted by our distributed vehicle location prediction algorithm. VDNet takes the geographic information into consideration. Vehicles in VDNet observe the location information of other vehicles to construct a transmission route and predict the location of a destination vehicle. Some vehicles in VDNet equips an on‐board UAV, which can deliver data message directly to destination, relay messages in a multi‐hop route, and collect location information while flying above the traffic. The performance evaluation shows that VDNet achieves high efficiency and low end‐to‐end delay with controlled communication overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A roadside unit‐based localization scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), designed to ensure the safety and comfort of passengers via the exchange of information amongst nearby vehicles or between the vehicles and Roadside Units (RSUs), have attracted particular attention. However, the success of many VANET applications depends on their ability to estimate the vehicle position with a high degree of precision, and thus, many vehicle localization schemes have been proposed. Many of these schemes are based on vehicle‐mounted Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. However, the GPS signals are easily disturbed or obstructed. Although this problem can be resolved by vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication schemes, such schemes are effective only in VANETs with a high traffic density. Accordingly, this paper presents a VANET localization scheme in which each vehicle estimates its location on the basis of beacon messages broadcast periodically by pairs of RSUs deployed on either side of the road. In addition, three enhancements to the proposed scheme are presented for the RSU deployment, RSU beacon collisions, and RSU failures. Overall, the ns‐2 simulation results show that the localization scheme achieves a lower localization error than existing solutions on the basis of vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications and is robust toward changes in the traffic density and the vehicle speed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CCN基于内容的缓存策略

内容中心网络（Content Centric Networking,CCN）以内容为中心进行数据通讯,改变了当前互联网host-host通讯模型,并且具有网内缓存功能。为了解决网内数据协同缓存的难题,借鉴通讯模式的改革,建议以内容为中心缓存数据,提出以内容和缓存为中心的网络（Content＆Caching Centric Networking,CCCN）概念。经过大量理论分析和仿真实验,结果表明,在数据缓存和内容转发上CCCN是非常高效和可行的。     

内容中心网络的DoS攻击研究

“内容中心网络”(Content Centric Networking,CCN)是未来互联网架构体系群中极具前景的架构之一。CCN的核心思想在于内容命名,即用户不需要根据数据的地址而仅根据数据的名字来获取目标内容。在设计上,CCN是一种基于拉(pull-based)的网络,即用户为了获取相应的内容,必须向网络发送一个兴趣包(Interest)以便获取同名数据包(Data),也就是说CCN是一个用户驱动的网络。安全对任何一种网络架构来说,都是不容忽视的一个问题,其中,拒绝服务攻击(DoS)是TCP/IP网络中最为常见的攻击手法之一,这里研究了CCN中常见的DoS攻击,并提出了具有针对性的解决方案。     

车载移动通信网（VANET）物理层安全问题

基于Ad Hoc网络的车载移动通信网(VANET)由于网络基础的原因,以及VANET自身的特点,带来了很多安全的问题。根据VANET的特点,对VANET进行自顶向下的分层,并针对物理层的攻击进行总结和归纳,再利用现有技术对其中一些攻击给出应对措施。底层的物理层安全的保证对整个VANET的安全至关重要。     

SINR and throughput improvement for VANET using fuzzy power control

This paper proposes transmission power control for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) using fuzzy system. Despite the potential advantages of VANET especially for safety and intelligent transportation system, some challenges are discovered during the implementation of VANET. Main challenges emerge because of the dynamic environment and high mobility of vehicle. Furthermore, the interference due to the shared‐spectrum usage can significantly decrease the quality of signal. Fuzzy system is implemented to control the transmission power based on the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) difference with the targeted value of the receiver vehicle and the interference inflicted by the transmitter vehicle. The algorithm of fuzzy power control for VANET is proposed, and the performance is evaluated through the simulations. The results of simulations show that the proposed algorithm can increase SINR of vehicles especially the vehicles with SINR value below the target. Thus, the average of SINR and the throughput of the system can be increased as well.     

Data dissemination scheduling algorithm for V2R/V2V in multi-channel VANET

Considering that the data dissemination in multi-channel VANET (vehicular ad hoc network),a cooperative data dissemination scheduling algorithm was introduced for V2R(vehicle to roadside unit) and V2V(vehicle to vehicle).The algorithm created initial scheduling operators according to data requisition of vehicles.Then,initial collision graph and collision matrix were generated based on the conflict among initial scheduling operators.After proving the positive semidefinite of collision matrix,SDP (semidefinite programming) was used to channel allocation and collision graph creation.The algorithm then assigned weights for each data requisition according to dwell time and data volume of vehicles in RSU service region.Furthermore,it selected maximum weighted independent set of collision graph.The goal was to satisfy the most urgent data requisitions by V2R/V2V cooperate transmission.Transportation simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution effectively promotes the service capacity by utilizes the multichannel of VANET and V2R/V2V transmission scheduling.     

User‐centric context data collection and provision harnessing Content‐Centric Networking paradigm

A comprehensive context management approach is necessary in the era of ubiquitous technologies, and efficient context data collection is one of the most fundamental and important processes for realizing comprehensive context management. Traditional context data collection approaches are based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) over Internet Protocol (IP), which has several disadvantages, such as lack of efficient mobility support, security and data transfer efficiency. Content‐Centric Networking (CCN), on the other hand, provides advantages in terms of mobility, security and bandwidth efficiency in comparison with IP. In this paper, we introduce our user‐centric comprehensive context management framework, and propose a secure and efficient context data collection and provision approach based on the framework using CCN as a network and transport layer. This context collection approach provides a flexible security mechanism by introducing three levels of security type. It also provides bandwidth efficiency by taking advantage of CCN's content caching; performance evaluation results show that our approach can reduce bandwidth consumption up to 99% for pull and up to 46% for push in comparison to a UDP/IP‐based system. Our approach also provides advantages in supporting mobility and leveraging multiple interfaces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于VANET的数字城市网络

针对数字城市建设和发展的需求,提出了一种基于车载自组网(VANET)的数字城市网络的组网方案.作为一种特殊的移动Ad hoc网络,VANET应用于数字城市可发挥灵活、高效优势.首先提出了数字城市的网络体系结构,并基于概率模型,分析了VANET的网络连通性,进一步在NS2网络仿真平台中建立了VANET的网络模型,仿真评估...     

An evolutionary game theory–based security model in vehicular ad hoc networks

The word population is growing on a daily basis; consequently, the growth of commute and transport, developing efficient and intelligent transportation systems (ITS), has become one of the most popular requirements and the most significant attempts in modern urban areas containing large population. A key component of intelligent transportation systems is a vehicular ad hoc network. Devising internet‐based practical programs such as awareness of climatic conditions, geographical location, practical programs like on‐line payment services in the vehicular ad hoc network has led to safer driving, prevention of deadly accidents, transportation improvement, more welfare and convenience for passengers, and even offering more commercial opportunities. The special features of vehicular ad hoc network, such as intense activity, constantly‐changing topology, the vehicles' high speed, etc, will lead to challenges in gaining security. Therefore, providing vehicular ad hoc networks with security is of extreme importance in terms of users' anonymity, identification, and data privacy. In this paper, a security model is presented using a method based on evolutionary games. This method, in every vehicle, is applied as a node in the network while interacting with other vehicles; it aims at distinguishing some common attacks and defending against attackers. In this method, defending (honest) vehicles and attacking vehicles take part in an asymmetrical game; each vehicle aims at gaining the most utility and achieving its goals. The proposed method is simulated using various scenarios. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method is efficient and it reaches equilibrium and convergence at the end of the game in each scenario.     

VANET网络中一种新的认证方法

针对现有车载自组织网络（VANET,Vehicular Ad-hoc Network）存在的安全威胁及车辆与车辆之间,车辆与基础设施之间建立可信的连接问题,提出基于ECDH（Elliptic curve-Diffie-Hellman）公钥加密算法和UsbKey双因子身份鉴别的方案,设计出新的双向安全认证协议及详细算法,并对协议方案进行详细的安全分析,分析表明该认证协议具有更强的安全性、保密性及抗攻击能力。     

无线车联网WAVE的车地通信初步研究

通过对802.11p及无线车联网WAVE网络协议族的分析和理解,研究探索真实设备中WAVE网络的性能及其应用程序的开发方法。以构建于linux 2.6.32嵌入式操作系统之上并集成标准IEEE WAVE协议族的真实IWCU设备为平台,编程实现WAVE标准协议下车载单元与路边单元之间进行wsmp格式的数据传输,对记录下的实验结果进行分析,分析表明在短距离范围内,WAVE通信的丢包率和延时会随着距离的增加而缓慢增加。     

VANET中抗被动和主动攻击的位置隐私保护方案(英文)

Existing location privacypreserving methods,without a trusted third party,cannot resist conspiracy attacks and active attacks.This paper proposes a novel solution for location based service(LBS) in vehicular ad hoc network(VANET).Firstly,the relationship among anonymity degree,expected company area and vehicle density is discussed.Then,a companion set V is set up by k neighbor vehicles.Based on secure multi-party computation,each vehicle in V can compute the centroid,not revealing its location to each other.The centroid as a cloaking location is sent to LBS provider(P)and P returns a point of interest(POI).Due to a distributed secret sharing structure,P cannot obtain the positions of non-complicity vehicles by colluding with multiple internal vehicles.To detect fake data from dishonest vehicles,zero knowledge proof is adopted.Comparing with other related methods,our solution can resist passive and active attacks from internal and external nodes.It provides strong privacy protection for LBS in VANET.     

Research on batch anonymous authentication scheme for VANET based on bilinear pairing

To solve the problem of efficiency of anonymous authentication in vehicular ad hoc network,a batch anonymous authentication scheme was proposed by using bilinear pairing on elliptic curves .The signature was generated by the roadside unit node (RSU) and the vehicle together.Thus,the burden of VANET certification center was reduced and the authentication efficiency was proved.Meanwhile,the difficulty of the attacker to extract the key was increased.Furthermore,security proofs were given to the scheme in the random oracle model.Analysis shows that the proposed scheme can meet the needs of many kinds of security requirements,the computational overhead is significantly reduced,and the authentication efficiency is improved effectively too.Therefore,the scheme has important theoretical significance and application value under computational capability constrained Internet of things (IoT) environment.     

基于票据的车联网安全和隐私保护方案

随着车联网的发展,车辆通信将在提高行车安全,驾驶效率和舒适度方面发挥重要作用。车辆将访问多种应用,考虑到现有行车安全应用面临的严峻威胁,加之对用户验证、授权和计费的需求,攻击防护安全对于车载自组网来说尤为重要。在车辆使用基于位置的服务或行车安全服务时,攻击者可能会窃听通信内容,获取用户身份信息和位置隐私。为了提高车载自组织网安全,提出了一种采用分布式车辆公钥基础设施(VPKI)对车辆通信安全、位置隐私和身份匿名进行保护的方案。该方案采用票据为应用服务提供匿名访问控制和认证,并且可以解析和撤销不法车辆身份。最后,通过实验分析方案的效率来证明VPKI的可实施性。     

A Multi-Pronged Approach to Adaptive and Context Aware Content Dissemination in VANETs

Content dissemination in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) has the potential to enable a myriad of applications, ranging from advertising, traffic and emergency warnings to infotainment. This variety in applications and services calls for mechanisms able to optimize content storing, retrieval and forwarding among vehicles, without jeopardizing network resources. Content Centric Networking (CCN), takes advantage of inherent content redundancy in the network in order to decrease the utilization of network resources, improve response time and content availability, coping efficiently with some of the effects of mobility. Floating Content (FC), on the other hand, holds potential to implement efficiently a large amount of vehicular applications thanks to its property of geographic content replication, while Software Defined Networking (SDN), is an attractive solution for the lack of flexibility and dynamic programmability that characterizes current VANET architectures. By implementing a logical centralization of the network, SDN enables dynamic and efficient management of network resources. In this paper, for a few reference scenarios, we illustrate how approaches that combine CCN, FC and SDN enable an innovative adaptive VANET architecture able to efficiently accommodate to intermittent connectivity, fluctuating node density and mobility patterns on one side and application performance and network resources on the other side, aiming to achieve high QoS. For each scenario, we highlight the main open research challenges, and we describe possible solutions to improve content dissemination and reduce replication without affecting content availability.