橡胶制品基布的选择和性能

介绍了橡胶制品基布的基本性能和基本要求,从纤维材料的选择,机织物、取向经编织物、三维织物等织物结构的选择以及基布预处理方面述评了橡胶制品基布的选择和性能。     

高平整度玻璃纤维覆膜滤料基布的生产技术探讨

介绍了高平整度玻璃纤维覆膜滤料基布的生产技术,研究了捻线工艺、整经工艺和织造工艺对玻璃纤维覆膜滤料基布平整度和力学性能的影响.得出结论:选用积极退解大卷装捻线机、一次整经机和刚性剑杆织机组成的生产线能满足高平整度玻璃纤维覆膜滤料基布的质量要求.     

高分子数码喷绘网格材料的研制

采用涤纶网格基布和高分子涂层料研制出了高分子数码喷绘网格材料,并进一步探讨了其工艺条件、原材料的选择及在大型喷绘广告和建筑防护栏中的应用。     

胶原蛋白改善超细纤维合成革基布卫生性能研究

采用硫酸水解超细纤维合成革基布,暴露基布的活性基团;以鞣剂F-90作为交联剂,将胶原蛋白接枝到超细纤维合成革基布上,以期改善基布的卫生性能。结果表明:最佳改性工艺条件为:胶原蛋白用量15%、F-90用量6%、改性温度45℃、时间4 h、体系p H 7.0;该条件下处理后,基布的羧基含量增加188.82%,氨基含量增加124.19%,透水汽性提高65.15%,吸水性提高58.04%,且其抗张强度、断裂伸长率和撕裂强度均有所提高。采用FI-IR、XPS、SEM和接触角分别对改性前后基布进行表征,结果显示:胶原蛋白能够成功交联改性到基布上,改性后基布表面的活性基团增加,纤维松散程度增大,润湿性提高。     

植绒玻璃纤维壁布

一种植绒玻璃纤维壁布，属于装饰材料技术领域。包括基布和结合在基布的一侧表面的植绒层，所述的基布为玻璃纤维无纺布，所述的植绒层以图案和／或文字状结构结合于并且凸出于基布的一侧表面。优点：具有理想的抗断裂强度和低热胀冷缩率、耐酸碱性和耐擦洗性理想，抗撞击、防霉变效果好，既具有环保性又具有阻燃性，因此使用十分安全，基布择用玻璃纤维无纺布，有利于简化加工工艺、缩短加工过程而藉以体现经济性以及满足工业化批量生产要求。     

橡胶制品基布的选择及分析

介绍了橡胶制品中基布的特性。通过纤维材料的比较,机织物、取向经编织物和三维织物结构与性能的优缺点分析等,论述了橡胶制品基布的选择原则。     

聚氨酯合成革产品开发及其技术进展

简要介绍了聚氨酯合成革加工工艺的技术进展和基布发展情况。     

聚乙烯醇耐有机溶剂涂层手套的制备研究

用浸渍涂膜技术成功制备了一种耐有机溶剂的PVA涂膜手套.实验研究了手套的制备工艺条件,其中包括对涂膜温度、胶液黏度、胶液与基布接触角的研究,并对基布进行了表面处理;另外,实验也考查了PVA含量、交联剂尿素的用量对涂膜耐溶剂性、剥离强度以及结构的影响.     

全玻璃纤维阻燃导风筒涂覆胶布的研制

采用全玻璃纤维基布替代玻璃纤维与棉纤维混纺基布试制生产了阻燃导风筒涂覆胶布。通过调整阻燃贴胶配方和加工工艺,全玻璃纤维阻燃导风筒涂覆胶布不仅可提高强度、阻燃性能和抗静电性能,而且可降低生产成本,各项技术指标均达到了ＭＴ３８３—１９９５ 标准要求。     

自交联型水性聚氨酯涂层剂的研制

本文探讨了用丙酮法来制备自交联型水性聚氨酯涂层剂的合成和涂布整理工艺。对于合成工艺，采用容量，粘度和ＩＲ等三种方法评价了预聚过程；并对ＯＨ／ＮＣＯ摩尔比，潜在交联剂有得、成盐率等因素进行了选择，对于涂布整理工艺，比较了前处理剂，增稠剂，涂布操作粘度，焙烘温度，基布种类等条件和涂层织物耐水压的关系。     

皮革染色性能提升的方法与技术研究进展

皮革及其制品的色彩反映了人的审美诉求，往往是人们选择皮鞋、皮衣、箱包等皮革制品的首要评价特征。因此，皮革染色是制革过程中最重要的工序之一。针对传统染色方法所暴露出的染色不均匀、耐摩擦色牢度及耐水洗色牢度差等问题，该文主要介绍了提高皮革染色性能的方法与清洁的皮革染色技术。首先简要概述了皮革染色原理，然后阐述了染色前处理、添加染色助剂和改性染料3种提高皮革染色性能的方法，同时介绍了超声波技术、微波技术、超临界CO₂技术、电化学技术、等离子体技术在皮革染色中的应用，最后对皮革染色的发展趋势进行了展望。     

制革废水处理技术的对比与分析

就目前制革废水存在的问题,论述了制革废水的特点、发展与现状、危害以及处理难点,主要介绍了国内制革废水的处理工艺-传统活性污泥法、制革废水的全物化处理、氧化沟、SBR工艺和生物接触氧化法等,以及国外制革废水处理工艺-高效厌氧生物处理技术、膜分离技术和高级氧化技术。同时,对上述几种处理工艺的优缺点进行了比较分析,并对制革废水处理技术做了展望。     

Influence of ultrasound on diffusion through skin/leather matrix

Leather is a unique porous material, which is composed of a three-dimensional weave of tanned collagen fibre bundles. Collagen is a fibrous protein well organized in the formation of skin as building block. This paper studies the use of ultrasound in improving the diffusion process through porous skin/leather matrix. A diffusion model for leather processing has been proposed taking into account of pore characteristics in leather. Dye diffusion experiments have been carried out with leather and powdered leather to show the influence of ultrasound under two different diffusion conditions. Apparent diffusion coefficient (D) of dye through leather matrix has been calculated from the experimental dye uptake data. The results indicate that the use of ultrasound could achieve, 16.2 and 8.56 times improvement in D value for leather at 50 °C and 30 °C, respectively as compared to 2.99 and 1.55 times for powdered leather. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of leather has also been performed which shows that fibre structure and morphology are not affected by the use of ultrasound. This study throws some light on enhanced transport through porous materials of complex nature such as skin/leather using ultrasound.     

我国清洁制革工业材料的开发展望

实现制革工业清洁化是我国作为一个制革大国目前面临的重要问题。除了改进传统工艺外,我国制革企业更需要的是优质的、对环境友好的化工材料。该文参考了34篇文献,提出了我国目前缺少并希望能尽快研制开发的新型制革化学品,包括防腐剂、制革专用鞣剂和助剂等。     

皮革专用染料生产技术

介绍了皮革专用染料的生产新技术。此面技术是以邻氨基苯磺酸，三聚氟氢，碳酸钠等为原料，经过重氮化，偶合，缩合，盐析，干燥等于工艺过程，生产出新型活性染料。此种染料可替代进口染料，不仅可以染皮革，也可以染棉织口 。     

制革工业关键清洁技术的研究进展

应用制革清洁技术能够从制革生产的源头削减/消除污染。COD_Cr、氨氮和总铬是制革工业的典型污染物,研发和推广应用其源头减排技术对制革工业实现清洁生产具有重要意义。本文较系统地综述了保毛脱毛技术、鞣前过程废液循环利用技术、无氨脱灰技术、无氨软化技术、高吸收铬鞣技术、铬鞣废液循环利用技术、逆转铬鞣技术和无铬鞣制技术等清洁技术的研究进展及实际应用情况。介绍了这些技术的应用方法和重要控制参数,以及这些技术对源头减少典型污染物的作用。同时,对已有清洁技术的优点和尚存在的问题进行了分析。指出进一步提高单元清洁技术的成熟度和经济实用性,加强单元清洁技术之间的工艺平衡研究,重视单元清洁技术的集成链接,是制革工业清洁技术的未来发展方向。     

Physicochemical and thermal properties of phenol–formaldehyde‐modified polyphenol impregnate

Tannin, a natural polymer belonging to the polyphenolic group of compounds, is widely used in the leather industry, specifically as a tanning agent for the conversion of putrescible collagen fibers into leather matrix during the leather‐manufacturing process. Unspent tannin poses a serious environmental threat to the public because it has a very high half‐life, leading to groundwater pollution when discharged into soil. Attempts have been made to separate tannins through chemical means and recovered tannin needs to be encapsulated for its safe disposal. In the present study the recovered tannin was impregnated in phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin. Spectroscopic and thermogravimetric (IR, NMR, TGA and DSC) studies revealed that the modified polyphenol was held physically in the impregnate. The impregnated matrix showed resistance to mineral acids, strong alkalis and organic solvents and was tested for its adhesive property on leather sheets. The leather that bonded with PF‐modified polyphenol impregnate (PFT) had a 27% increase in peel strength and a 40% increase in lap shear strength as compared to the sample bonded with PF resin. The corrosive resistance result of the PFT resin shows it has potential application as an anticorrosive paint in the paint industry. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1567–1571, 2001     

Analysis of variations in porosity of metal crosslinked collagen matrix

The fundamental knowledge of the porous nature of crosslinked collagen matrix such as tanned leather is an aid to design appropriate chemicals for leather making. It would also help to target a particular area of matrix to improve its uniformity and other functional properties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the variations in pore sizes of chromium crosslinked collagen matrix, chrome tanned leather, from different animal species and different areas of the same species. In this study, chrome tanned leather from goat and sheep were investigated for surface area, pore size, and distribution. Thermoporometry results show that average pore radius of goat leather is around 2–30 nm and that of sheep is 2–20 nm. Nitrogen adsorption result shows that average surface area of goat (8.24 m²/g) leather is higher than sheep (6.73 m²/g), but the average pore diameter of goat (289 nm) is smaller than sheep (385 nm) leather. It has been found that more numbers of smaller pores are present in goat than sheep leather and all the leather samples including goat and sheep obeyed type‐III adsorption isotherm. Capillary flow porometry analysis gives the smallest, largest, and mean‐flow‐diameter of through‐pores. The average size of largest throat pore diameter of sheep (1313 nm) is smaller than that of goat (1385 nm) leather. In general, the pore volume distribution of sheep leather is higher than that of goat leather. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy shows that pore mouth of goat is deeper than that of sheep. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40835.     

表面活性剂在皮革生产中的应用

从生皮组织构造特点和皮革工艺要求出发，讨论了表面活性剂在皮革生产各工序中的作用和各工序对所有表面活性剂的性能要求，为皮革生产中正确选择和使用表面活性剂提供依据。     

Variation of pore structure of organosilicone‐modified skin collagen matrix

The pore structure of skin collagen matrix modified by organosilicone alone, combination of organosilicone and chromium respectively, was investigated mainly through nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy and fractal analysis. The results indicated that increasing the dosage of organosilicone endowed more numbers of uniform smaller pores, increased porosity in modified collagen matrix and improved thermal stability verified by differential scanning calorimeter analysis. A similar trend was observed after incorporating less amount of chromium to organosilicone modification in the process. It can be presumed that a rigid and stable three‐dimensional silica network structure formed in the interior of the collagen fiber plays a role in fixing the collagen molecular chain, conferring improved hydrothermal stability to the skin matrix. The findings are of great significance to explore chrome‐less and further chrome‐free silicone tanning technology, and are helpful to promote sustainable development of the leather industry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44831.