江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物群落特征

为了解江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物现状,分别于2014年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(11月),对该海域大型底栖生物种类组成、生物量、丰度和生物多样性进行了调查。结果表明:3个航次共采集到大型底栖生物种类6门(环节动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物、软体动物、腔肠动物和鱼类)92种,其中,甲壳动物种类最多(31种),其次为鱼类(28种)和软体类(27种),大型底栖生物种类数呈现北部海域(54种)>南部海域(32种)>中部海域(30种)的特征,优势种类主要有伶鼬榧螺Oliva mustelina、海地瓜Acaudina molpadioides、马氏刺蛇尾Ophrothrix marenzelleri、沙蚕Nereis succinea、毛蚶Scapharca kagoshimensis和缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta;3个航次大型底栖生物平均丰度为6.33 ind./m2,时空分布为春季南部海域>中部海域和北部海域,夏季为南部海域>北部海域>中部海域,秋季为北部海域>南部海域>中部海域;大型底栖生物平均生物量为13.22 g/m2,时空分布为春季和夏季南部海域>北部海域>中部海域,秋季为中部海域>南部海域>北部海域;以季节和海域为双因素对物种数、丰度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行方差分析,结果表明,除丰度不同海域间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)外,其他各项均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,与历史资料相比,江苏沿岸海域大型底栖生物种类数减少,优势种类发生变化。     

鱼山渔场披山海域虾类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为分析鱼山渔场披山海域虾类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征,根据2015年11月、2016年2月、5月、8月在鱼山渔场披山海域进行底拖网生物资源调查所获得的15个站位资料,定量分析了其群落结构的相似性,以及群落结构与水文环境因子间的关系。结果表明:本次调查共鉴定出虾类15种,隶属于8科11属,其中优势种为脊尾白虾Exopalaemon carinicauda、哈氏仿对虾Parapenaeopsis hardwickii、中华管鞭虾Solenocera crassicornis、细巧仿对虾Parapenaeopsis tenella、中国毛虾Acetes chinensis、葛氏长臂虾Palaemon gravieri和日本鼓虾Alpheus juponicus共7种;不同季节的虾类种类组成差异较大,优势种类组成变化较大,其中以秋季的虾类种类数最多,冬季最少;优势种种类数春季最多,冬季最少;不同季节渔获种类的水深分布有较大差异,虾类种类以5~10 m水深带分布较多,小于5 m水深带较少;多样性指数冬季低于其他季节,其中小于5 m水深带较高,10~15 m水深带较低,虾类多样性指数随水深的增加呈递减趋势。研究表明,水深、底层水温、表层盐度、底层盐度和化学需氧量是影响调查海域虾类种类组成和群落结构特征的主要环境因子。     

香港粉煤灰的特征与沿岸混凝土工程耐久性

采用综合测试手段,对香港粉煤灰的理化特性、粒度分布、表面结构进行了较为系统的研究．结果表明：该粉煤灰以铝硅玻璃体（高铝）为主,其晶相为莫来石和少量石英,含碳量较低,平均粒度为１１．６μｍ,明显小于香港水泥颗粒的平均粒度１９．６μｍ．Ｎ２吸附比表面积测定表明：香港粉煤灰具有较大的比表面积,约为水泥的２．３倍．表面结构以球形为主且大部分球体具有明显的气孔与内部空腔相连,从而导致了较强的离子吸附效应．１ａ的对比实验表明：在混凝土中掺入质量分数为２５％的粉煤灰不但能显著降低Ｃｌ－渗透系数,而且也减少了ＳＯ２－４引起的破坏,因而可大幅度延长沿岸混凝土工程的使用寿命．     

渤海湾天津近岸海域大型底栖动物群落结构及次级生产力的初步研究

为了解渤海湾天津近岸海域大型底栖动物现状,于2014年5月和8月分两个航次对该海域14个站位大型底栖动物栖息密度、生物量和生物多样性进行调查,同时用Brey(1990年)经验公式计算年次级生产力(P)以及年次级生产力与年生物量(B)的比值(P/B)。结果表明:渤海湾天津近岸海域大型底栖动物隶属7门9纲29种,包括软体动物、节肢动物、多毛类、棘皮动物和其他底栖动物;年平均栖息密度为56.07 ind./m~2,年平均生物量(湿质量)为52.98 g/m~2,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数平均为1.64,Margalef物种丰富度指数平均为0.59,Pielou均匀度指数平均为0.88,年平均生物量为9.54 g/m~2(去灰分干质量),年平均次级生产力为6.12 g/(m~2·a)(去灰分干质量),P/B值平均为0.70 a~(-1)。研究表明:本调查海域的次级生产力与整个渤海湾相近,高于南黄海和东海,低于海坛海峡和胶州湾;P/B值较其他海域偏低,说明渤海湾近岸海域大型底栖动物群落中,生活史短、代谢快的小型种类所占比例低于其他海区;整个渤海湾天津近岸海域(63 km~2)大型底栖动物年次级生产力约为386 t(去灰分干质量),或是2144 t(鲜质量)。     

人工湖沿岸带绿地土壤质量特征研究—— 以上海滴水湖沿岸带为例

研究沿海城市人工湖沿岸带绿地土壤质量特征及影响因素,对沿海城市沿岸带绿地建设和管理技术提升具有重要意义。以上海滴水湖沿岸带绿地土壤为研究对象,通过现场调查,分析沿岸带绿地土壤理化性质以及不同剖面土壤特性,并选取滴水湖沿岸带裸地和上海中心城区绿地土壤为对照,分析植被以及不同地理环境对土壤质量的影响。结果表明：滴水湖沿岸带绿地土壤偏碱,EC值和有机质较低,土壤容重较大,土壤孔隙度和持水量较低,土壤质地以粉砂壤土和粉(砂)质黏壤土为主。表层土壤理化性质明显优于中层和深层土壤;沿岸带绿地土壤理化性质较裸地土壤好,较中心城区绿地土壤差。沿岸带绿地植被对土壤的改良作用显著,但受沿海地理环境影响,沿岸带绿地土壤质量易退化。     

我省海域软土及其勘察特征

本文通过对我省海域软土勘察的分析、探讨 ,提出对海域软土及其勘察待征的一些认识。     

江苏建材四企业被列入国家重点支持水泥工业结构调整大型企业（集团）名单

在国家发展和改革委员会、国土资源部、中国人民银行《关于公布国家重点支持水泥工业结构调整大型企业(集团)名单的通知》(发改计[2006]3001号)中,江苏建材行业的江苏盘固水泥集团有限公司、江苏金峰集团有限公司、江苏恒来建材股份有限公司、江苏嘉新京阳水泥有限公司四家企业     

河蟹幼蟹培育池浮游植物的群落结构

为科学评价河蟹幼蟹生态培育池塘的渔业生态环境质量状况,于2013年7—10月对上海市崇明县中华绒螯蟹Eriocheir sinensis幼蟹培育池的浮游植物群落结构和生物多样性动态进行了调查研究。结果表明:幼蟹培育池共出现浮游植物77种,隶属于7门37属,其中优势种16种;浮游植物的群落结构为蓝藻—绿藻型,蓝藻的优势度最高,而绿藻的种类最多;浮游植物生物密度变化范围为5.02×107~14.37×10~(7)cells/L,平均生物密度为8.88×107cells/L,生物量变化范围为14.70~52.85 mg/L,平均生物量为25.33 mg/L;幼蟹培育池的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化范围分别为2.73~3.07、0.99~1.48、0.74~0.90;浮游植物生物密度和生物量均在8月15日达到峰值,各月间仅9月与10月无显著性差异(P>0.05),各幼蟹培育池间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,河蟹幼蟹培育池浮游植物群落结构比较复杂,水体为α-中污型。     

大型双排钢板桩在海域围堰中的施工关键技术

海上围堰施工由于其环境的多变性、地质条件的复杂性及工程的独特性等特点而具有一定的施工难度.以海域大型双排钢板桩围堰施工实践为例,对钢板桩插打质量控制、围檩拉杆安装、钢板桩合拢等关键技术进行了分析研究,提出了解决和改进措施,在施工中取得了良好的成效.     

基于百度指数的长江沿岸中心城市网络联系特征

建立2012年、2017年百度指数矩阵,利用社会网络分析方法、泰尔指数、基尼系数和对数离差均值揭示长江沿岸中心城市网络联系的结构、类型、空间均衡性等特征。结果表明:(1)长江沿岸中心城市城际网络联系在长江经济带发展上升为国家战略后有明显增强;(2)城市网络联系层级由"1+5+9+12"分布演变为"3+3+11+10"的格局,上海、武汉、南京成为网络结构中的极核;(3)区域中六成以上城市还属于低点入度、低点出度的Ⅲ型城市,强化区域内城际联系任重道远;(4)城际网络联系强度在空间非均衡性上要远低于经济发展水平,但增长幅度上又远大于后者;这会增强区域经济发展的非均衡性,进而影响长江经济带协同发展,需要引起高度重视。     

Types of thermal plumes in coastal waters

A large number of thermal images of the surface temperatures of the thermal plumes associated with the once-through cooling of electric power plants show that four kinds of plume occur sufficiently often to be classified as distinct plume types. Each type has implications for both numerical models and measurement strategies.     

Arsenic in coastal waters of South Australia

Surface seawater samples from South Australian coastal locations were analysed for dissolved inorganic arsenic [As(III) + As(V)], arsenite [As(III)] and particulate arsenic.Dissolved inorganic arsenic concentrations ranged from 1.10 to 1.61 μg As l^?1 (average 1.3 ± 0.1 μg As l^?1) with 1.2–4.3% (average 2.7%) present as arsenite. Particulate arsenic concentrations were below the limit of detection (0.0006 μg As l^?1) at most sampling stations.     

Processes controlling virus inactivation in coastal waters

The mechanisms controlling virus inactivation in coastal waters are discussed. Chemical and biological processes appear to be important but a purely thermal mechanism is probably not significant. Viral association with colloidal and particulate materials prolong survival and may enhance the transport of viruses to marine sediments. Sewage management practices are evaluated for efficiency in the control of viral contamination of bathing and shellfishing waters.     

Dissolved silver in European estuarine and coastal waters

Silver is one of the most toxic elements for the marine microbial and invertebrate community. However, little is known about the distribution and behaviour of dissolved silver in marine systems. This paper reports data on dissolved and sediment-associated silver in European estuaries and coastal waters which have been impacted to different extents by past and present anthropogenic inputs. This is the first extended dataset for dissolved silver in European marine waters. Lowest dissolved silver concentrations were observed in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden (8.9 ± 2.9 pM; x ± 1σ), the Tamar Estuary, UK (9.7 ± 6.2 pM), the Fal Estuary, UK (20.6 ± 8.3 pM), and the Adriatic Sea (21.2 ± 6.8 pM). Enhanced silver concentrations were observed in Atlantic coastal waters receiving untreated sewage effluent from the city of A Cor?na, Spain (243 ± 195 pM), and in the mine-impacted Restronguet Creek, UK (91 ± 71 pM). Anthropogenic wastewater inputs were a source of dissolved silver in the regions studied, with the exception of the Gullmar Fjord. Remobilisation of dissolved silver from historically contaminated sediments, resulting from acid mine drainage or sewage inputs, provided an additional source of dissolved silver to the estuaries. The ranges in the log particle-water partition coefficient (K_d) values of 5-6 were similar for the Tamar and Mero estuaries and agreed with reported values for other estuaries. These high K_d values indicate the particle reactive nature of silver with oxic sediments. In contrast, low K_d values (1.4-2.7) were observed in the Fal system, which may have been due to enhanced benthic inputs of dissolved silver coupled to limited scavenging of silver on to sediments rich in Fe oxide.     

Tracer applications of ultra-violet absorption measurements in coastal waters

Data on the ultra-violet adsorption characteristics of various natural fresh and marine waters are presented. Differences in both the magnitude and shape of spectra from river waters are considered and from them four absorption indices are developed as being of potential tracer value to mixing studies in coastal waters. In this context the indices are assessed with reference to ultra-violet absorption and salinity measurements collected during two winter cruises off the west coast of Great Britain.     

Comparative study of the physico-chemical parameters of the coastal waters in rivers Matla and Saptamukhi: Impacts of coastal water coastal pollution

A qualitative and quantitative research has been performed on the physico-chemical parameters of the neighboring coastal waters of the rivers Matla and Saptamukhi in the Sunderban district, West Bengal. The distribution pattern of eight physico-chemical parameters, namely pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (inorganic and total) has been graphed and compared for the two rivers over a time period of ten years (??90s decade). A statistical analysis has been carried out and the correlation data between these parameters has been rationalized based on both natural and man-made activities during that time. This has pointed to various causes behind coastal pollution of river waters. The changes in water quality have been related to flood impacts, storm surge, eutrophication, domestic sewage, agricultural and industrial wastes. In order to avoid coastal degradation and maintain environmental balance, it is very important to understand the impact of these parameters on coastal zones.     

Comparison of bacterial indicator analysis methods in stormwater-affected coastal waters

Membrane filtration (MF) and multiple tube fermentation (MTF) have been used for decades to measure indicator bacteria levels in beach water samples, but new methods based on chromogenic substrate (CS) technology are becoming increasingly popular. Only a few studies have compared results among these methods and they have generally been based on samples collected from a limited number of sites during dry weather. In this study, samples were collected from 108 sites the day after a major rainstorm, and three indicator bacteria (total coliforms (TCs), fecal coliforms (FCs) or E. coli, and enterococci (EC)) were each measured using MF, MTF, and CS. Sampling sites were selected using a stratified random design, stratified by open sandy beach, rocky shoreline, and beach areas near urban runoff outlets. The CS results were found to be highly correlated with both MF and MTF for all three indicators regardless of whether the samples were taken along open shoreline or near a runoff outlet. While correlated, TC values were higher using the CS method, consistent with other studies that have demonstrated false positives with this method. FC values were 12% lower with CS, reflecting the specificity of the CS method for E. coli rather than for the entire FC group. No significant differences were observed for EC, although some differences were observed within specific laboratories. Differences for all of these indicators were small enough that, when assessed categorically, there was more than 90% agreement between CS methods and either MF or MTF methods as to whether State of California Beach Water Quality Standards were met or exceeded.     

Ecotoxicity and biodegradability of an alkyl ethoxysulphate surfactant in coastal waters

Alkyl ethoxysulphates (AES) are anionic surfactants widely used in numerous commercial and industrial applications. In spite of the high AES volume consumption a few data concerning the occurrence, fate and effects of AES in marine environments are reported in literature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biodegradability and toxicity of AES in pristine sea water. Ultimate biodegradation was studied according to the guideline 835.3160 "Biodegradability in sea water" proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Acute toxicity of AES was studied to the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana, Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros gracilis, Dunaliella salina and Tetraselmis chuii and the invertebrate Artemia franciscana, using culture growth inhibition and death, respectively, as effect criteria. During the degradative process two different stages were observed, which were better described with the first order and logistic kinetic models, respectively. Lag times were 3.3 (stage A) and 26.5 (stage B) days whereas half-lives were 18.6 (stage A) and 49.8 (stage B) days. AES inhibited the microalgae growth, with 96-h EC50 values ranging from 4.68 g L(-1) for D. salina to 24.02 mg L(-1) for I. galbana. Mean 48- and 72-h LC50 values for A. franciscana were 38.30 and 23.92 mg L(-1), respectively. The results indicate an extensive biodegradability of AES in sea water, although at a very slow rate. Acute toxicity was highly dependent on the species tested, being the green alga D. salina the most affected organism. The present study provides relevant data concerning the biodegradability and adverse effects of an AES surfactant on marine organisms, which are useful to establish water quality criteria in a regulatory framework.     

江苏省城市化发展研究

文章以江苏省为研究对象,分析了城市化水平的发展变化,预测了２１世纪初江苏省城市化水平,在此基础上对影响江苏省城市化水平的多种因素进行了相分析,建立了城市化水平的多元动态回归模型,另外还对江苏省不同区域的城市化水平进行了比较,并依据不同的城市化水平找出了不同的城市发展道路。