铸造Al-14Si-5Cu-3Ni-1Mg合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的结构与性能

采用显微硬度、XRD、SEM、极化曲线测量、DSC、TG等技术研究了铸造Al-14Si-5Cu-3Ni-1Mg微弧氧化陶瓷层的相组成、形貌、硬度、耐腐蚀性、耐热冲击性和热稳定性.结果表明,该合金微弧氧化陶瓷层由致密层和疏松层组成,致密层主要为αAl2O3相,疏松层主要为γ-Al2O3及无定型相,微弧氧化陶瓷层硬度(HV)高达2 400,合金的耐蚀性显著提高,抗热冲击性和热稳定性良好.     

铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层耐磨性

利用微弧氧化技术在7075铝合金表面形成微弧氧化陶瓷膜层,通过SEM、XRD手段分析了微弧氧化陶瓷层的显微结构、表面形貌和相组成,并在HIT-Ⅱ摩擦磨损试验机上测试了陶瓷膜层的摩擦学性能.结果表明:7075铝合金表面的微弧氧化陶瓷膜层由疏松层、致密层构成,其相组成主要是α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3两相;氧化陶瓷层与基体结合良好,厚度为25～45μm,表面硬度可达到1900HV0.1左右;微弧氧化表面处理技术可以显著提高铝合金的表面耐磨性,在与GCr15钢球对磨时,膜层具有较低的磨损率,但摩擦因数相对较高.     

6061铝合金表面ZrO2-Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层制备与性能研究

利用微弧氧化技术在6061铝合金表面原位生长ZrO2-Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层,通过SEM、XRD及纳米压痕仪对陶瓷涂层的微观结构、相组成、硬度及杨氏模量进行分析,并对其热震及高载荷耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明:陶瓷涂层由疏松层和致密层组成,其表面分布较多微孔;陶瓷涂层主要由t-ZrO2、γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3相组成,其维氏硬度和杨氏模量分别为19.569和307.927GPa,约为6061铝合金的8倍和3倍;此外,陶瓷涂层还具有较高的抗热震性和耐磨性。     

氧化时间对 7 A09 超高强铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的影响

采用NaAlO2-NaOH体系,对7A09超高强铝合金进行微弧氧化,研究了微弧氧化时间对陶瓷层厚度、显微硬度、表面及截面形貌、相组成的影响。结果表明:在其它参数一定的条件下,陶瓷层的厚度和硬度均随氧化时间的延长而不断增长,微弧氧化时间为45 min时,陶瓷层的显微硬度达到最高值1070HV0.1;陶瓷层主要由γ-Al2O3组成。     

铝合金微弧氧化工艺研究

为了达到改善铝合金表面硬度低、耐磨耐蚀性差的目的,采用脉冲电源微弧氧化技术在硅酸钠电解液中在铝合金表面原位生长陶瓷膜.讨论氧化时间和电流密度对微弧氧化成膜厚度的影响.用数字式覆层测厚仪测量膜厚,扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析膜层显微结构和相组成.结果表明:氧化时间越长,膜层越厚,但是30min以后不再增厚,电流密度越大,膜层越厚;陶瓷层表面有微孔产生,膜层与基体结合紧密,膜层由致密层、过渡层和疏松层组成,致密层厚且致密;氧化膜由γ-Al2O3、mullite莫来石(3Al2O3·2SiO2)和AlO相组成.     

负电压对2A50铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层微观结构和耐磨性能的影响

目的 通过调节负电压参数,制备具有较高硬度与较好耐磨性的2A50铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层。 方法 通过微弧氧化,利用双极性脉冲电源,在硅酸盐为主的电解液中,于2A50铝合金表面原位生成耐磨的高硬度陶瓷层。通过改变负电压,研究其对微弧氧化陶瓷层相组成、微观结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪表征微弧氧化膜层的微观形貌、物相组成。利用显微硬度计测试微弧氧化膜层的硬度,并通过摩擦磨损试验机评价膜层的耐磨性。结果 涂层的主要相组成为γ-Al2O3。陶瓷层由内侧致密层和外部疏松层组成,随着负电压的提高,微孔的数量和尺寸先减少后增大。微弧氧化后,2A50铝合金得到明显强化,经–100 V负电压的微弧氧化,其显微硬度由未处理的75HV0.5提高至1321HV0.5。微弧氧化陶瓷层具有良好的耐磨性,摩擦系数在0.35~0.55之间,其磨损机制为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损共存。结论 正电压较高时,较低负电压可很好地抑制微弧氧化过程中的强放电现象,以获得较为致密、坚硬且耐磨的膜层。     

6061铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜层生长规律与性能研究

在铝酸盐、磷酸盐和硅酸盐3种电解液体系中,利用微弧氧化技术在6061铝合金表面原位生长陶瓷膜,通过SEM、XRD、EDS及显微硬度计对陶瓷膜层的微观结构、相组成、元素分布及显微硬度进行分析。结果表明:3种陶瓷膜均为疏松层和致密层组成的双层结构,膜层表面存在许多微孔;陶瓷膜均由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3组成,γ-Al2O3衍射峰强度高于α-Al2O3在磷酸盐和硅酸盐体系中,微弧氧化陶瓷膜表面分别含有P和Si元素,表明电解液中的离子参与成膜过程;在铝酸盐中制备的陶瓷膜显微硬度优于其它2种体系,可达到16350MPa,比6061铝合金硬度提高了10倍。     

2A12航空铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层生长过程

研究2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的生长规律,分析不同氧化时间陶瓷层的表面和截面形貌、成分和相组成。研究表明,陶瓷层总厚度接近于线性增长,向外生长速度比向基体内生长的速率稍大,而致密层占总膜层的比例先快速增加,其后略微下降。SEM结果显示,陶瓷层表面有大量呈火山口状的等离子放电痕迹,随氧化时间延长,厚度在整个表面上趋于相等,界面处氧化膜变得比较平坦。陶瓷层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,随着氧化时间的延长,γ-Al2O3相在陶瓷层中的含量先增加后减小,而α-Al2O3相的含量随氧化时间的延长逐渐提高。     

石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜层结构与性能的影响

目的研究石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金耐磨耐蚀性的影响,为铝合金表面微弧氧化处理技术在油气领域的应用提供理论依据。方法利用微弧氧化技术在含与不含石墨烯的电解液中在D16T铝合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层,采用XRD、SEM、EDS分析了膜层相结构和表面形貌,测试了膜层的粗糙度和显微硬度,通过摩擦磨损和电化学实验研究了石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。结果微弧氧化膜层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,石墨烯的添加使Al2O3相的衍射峰值和衍射峰的数量增加,Al衍射峰明显降低;膜层表面平整,表面熔融颗粒较少,表面有大块团聚物堆积。膜层由外部疏松层和内部致密层组成,疏松层微孔数量和微裂纹较少,膜层厚度稍有增加,致密层厚度由不含石墨烯时的0.6μm增至1.6μm。含石墨烯的膜层容抗弧半径明显增加,Bode图中低频阻抗值由5×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至106Ω·cm^2,疏松层电阻由1.57×10^5Ω·cm^2增至1.98×10^5Ω·cm^2,致密层电阻由3.07×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至1.24×106Ω·cm^2;膜层自腐蚀电位由-0.53 V提高至-0.41 V,自腐蚀电流密度由3.15×10^-7 A/cm^2降低至3.97×10^-8 A/cm^2;膜层质量磨损量明显降低,摩擦系数减小,耐磨性增加。结论石墨烯纳米片通过放电通道进入膜层填充膜层中的孔和裂纹,部分石墨烯形成团状覆于膜层表面,使膜层更加平整、致密,膜厚增加,膜层耐磨性和耐蚀性得到明显提升。     

碳钢熔-钎焊层表面微弧氧化陶瓷层的制备

目的 在碳钢表面制备结合强度较高的微弧氧化陶瓷层。方法 采用铝-钢熔钎焊技术,在Q235钢表面获得具有较高结合强度的铝层,再通过微弧氧化在铝层表面生成氧化物陶瓷层。结果 通过添加ER4043焊丝作为钎料,金属间化合物层主要由[Al,Fe,Si]相、Al8Fe2Si相和少量的Al13Fe4相组成,平均厚度为7 μm,铝层与Q235钢的结合强度达到181 MPa。在2 g/L KOH+4g/L Na2SiO3?9H2O电解液中,陶瓷层由疏松层和致密层组成,主要成分为α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3,且γ-Al2O3相含量较高,微弧氧化过程中电解液中的氧、硅元素都参与了反应。微弧氧化过程中,陶瓷层厚度随着时间的增加而增加,20 min后,试样表面放电孔洞呈“火山口”状,孔洞孔径随着时间的增加而增加。不同频率下,陶瓷层表面均存在少量裂纹,并且裂纹都产生在“火山口”状放电孔洞附近,同时随着频率的增加,陶瓷层表面孔洞孔径减小,陶瓷层厚度增加,但当频率到达600 Hz后,陶瓷层厚度变化不再明显。结论 采用铝-钢熔钎焊技术,铝层与钢基体结合强度远高于其他复合技术中铝层和钢基体的结合强度,对于解决钢铁材料表面微弧氧化陶瓷层容易剥落的问题具有一定的意义。微弧氧化过程中,陶瓷层厚度不断增加,提高微弧氧化频率,陶瓷层致密性提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.