易乳化和自乳化研究

本文描述了二种定量测试油/表面活性剂混合物在水中的乳化能力的方法。通过试验设计的易乳化和自乳化试验方法可以用浊度或被乳化的油的量来表示乳化剂的效率。并对四个油/乳化剂的体系进行了研究(磷酸酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和癸烷、橄榄油的四种组合)。同时研究了相行为和界面张力。醇醚/癸烷体系在乳化剂浓度15%时呈最佳易乳化,这与较小的界面张力值相应。在自乳化中,界面张力起了较小的作用,磷酸酯/癸烷体系呈较好的自乳化,橄榄油的乳化结果通常较癸烷差。     

乳化柴油的研究

通过对乳化柴油历史的回顾和现状分析，探讨了乳化柴油节能机理，利用工业废油合成高效价廉的柴油乳化剂，进而成功地制备出贮存稳定、外观透明、使用方便、环保节能的乳化柴油。     

煤焦油乳化研究

结合相关的文献报道,从理论上探讨了煤焦油乳化剂、乳化过程的选择,乳化剂的选择要考虑乳化剂的类型、乳化剂的复配、助溶剂等。乳化过程的选择要考虑乳化设备如机械搅拌、胶体磨、均化器、超声波法等;考虑乳化方法如转相乳化法、自然乳化分散法、界面复合物生成法、轮流加液法等。以期为相关领域的工作者提供借鉴。     

乳化炸药破乳后的乳化性能研究

本文将结合萍乡六六一科技公司中低温乳化炸药生产线乳化工艺实际运行情况,对废药体系进行重建性实验,通过实验的方式研究重乳化温度对乳化炸药稳定性的影响,乳化机转速、乳化时间对乳化炸药储存期的影响,以及破乳后乳化炸药的爆炸性能,相关结论能够为乳化炸药破乳后废药的新处理工艺技术提供参考与支持。     

石蜡乳化工艺的研究

以石蜡、氧化蜡和氧化微晶蜡为原料,进行了乳化蜡制备工艺研究。对乳化剂进行了系统筛选。研究了乳化剂类型、复配比例以及乳化助剂用量等对乳液性质的影响,揭示其内在规律,为乳化蜡的研制提供基础数据,为乳化蜡的应用提供指导。     

乳化硅油的制备研究

以1 000 mPa.s硅油为主要原料,选用非离子型表面活性剂（span-60和tween-60的质量比为0.43：0.57）为复合乳化剂,复配乳化剂含量为硅油的50%,采用转相乳化法,乳化温度80℃,乳化时间60 min,制备了硅油含量为30%的二甲基乳化硅油,其外观为均匀、细腻的乳白色黏性液体。     

新型乳化燃料油的研究

本文研究了了以石油磺酸盐（ＷＰＳ）为乳化剂配制乳化燃料油的方法，考察了乳化燃料的稳定性的影响因素，确定了配制乳化燃料油的适宜条件。     

HCPE树脂的乳化研究

利用了转相乳化法对HCPE进行改性,制备成水分散涂料,比较了不同乳化剂改性的效果,以油酸聚氧乙烯酯改性HCPE的效果最佳。     

乳化燃料油稳定性的研究

考察了亲油亲水平衡值(HLB)对180#燃料油乳化效果的影响,复配出乳化效果较好的复合型乳化剂,并优化最佳乳化工艺条件,同时采用氧弹热值法对乳化燃料油进行实验室评价。研究结果表明:HLB值约为6时有利于制备稳定性高的乳化燃料油;最佳乳化工艺条件为:乳化剂用量0.3%,含水量15%;在此条件下掺水量15%时,燃料油燃烧效率提高了8.6%,粘度小于180mm2/s。通过电子显微镜观察,乳化燃料油呈油包水(W/O)型乳液结构,油水界面清晰,粒径约为2.1μm;乳化燃料油性质非常稳定,在常温下至少可储存6个月,将乳化燃料油存放于80℃的烘箱内3天,未发生破乳现象。     

氨基硅油乳化工艺的研究

本文介绍了氨基硅油微乳液的制备方法，讨论了表面活性剂ＨＬＢ值对乳液稳定性的影响及酸在乳液制备过程中的作用。     

膜乳化和微流控法制备单分散W／O乳液的研究

以油相为连续相、水相为分散相,分别采用SPG膜乳化法和微流控技术制备出了单分散W／O乳液。对两种制备单分散乳液的方法进行了系统比较。结果表明,微流控技术不仅更易操作,而且制备出的W／O乳液单分散性更好。     

Emulsification using tubular metallic membranes

Tubular metallic membranes with pore diameters of 5 and 10 μm have been used in a cross-flow unit to prepare monodisperse oil-in-water emulsions (O/W) with span values as low as 0.67, significantly lower than for emulsions prepared with a rotor–stator homogenizer. The influence of typical operating parameters (continuous phase flow rate and transmembrane pressure) on droplet size distribution was studied. The smallest droplets were obtained at low transmembrane pressures and high continuous phase flow rates. The droplet production with tubular metallic membranes was higher than with other types of tubular membranes, such as SPG or ceramic.Experimental results were compared with those obtained in a stirred tank unit operating under similar conditions and using flat metallic membranes with the same pore diameter. Droplet size prediction models based on simple force balances were applied to compare theoretical and experimental droplet diameters. The droplet formation regime (dripping, jetting) was also studied for both types of membranes.     

连续相黏度对膜乳化结果的影响

Oil-in-water(o/w) emulsions were produced with a membrane emulsification system. The effect of the continuous phase viscosity on the emulsification was studied. The theoretical analyses show that the continuous phase viscosity influences not only the flow field of the continuous phase but also the interfacial tension. The droplet size distribution and disperse phase flux for different continuous phase viscosity were investigated experimentally at constant wall shear stress and constant volume flow rate of the continuous phase respectively.     

二次膜射流乳化法制备单分散乳状液研究

为解决传统膜乳化法制备单分散O/W型乳状液中存在的粒径和通量的矛盾,介绍了采用二级陶瓷膜乳化在射流条件下制备单分散O/W乳状液的方法。2套一体式陶瓷膜乳化装置被串联使用,一级膜乳化采用孔径为0.16μm的ZrO2陶瓷膜,二级膜乳化采用孔径为1.5μm的-αA l2O3陶瓷膜。以甲苯/水体系为研究对象,阴离子表面活性剂(SDS)和非离子表面活性剂(乳化剂OP)分别被用作乳化剂。2种情况下均可获得单分散的乳液,能耗分别是1.53×105J/m3和1.21×105J/m3。因此,该方法可在较低的能耗下制备单分散乳液。     

制备单分散含单体O/W乳液的SPG膜乳化过程

采用Shirasu多孔玻璃（SPG）膜乳化法制备了单分散含对苯二甲酰氯（TDC）单体的O/W乳液,系统地研究了SPG膜乳化过程的影响因素.实验结果表明,采用SPG膜乳化法制备单分散O/W乳液时,选择阴离子表面活性剂比考虑亲水亲油平衡（HLB）匹配更重要;增大分散相或连续相的黏度,能够改善乳液的单分散性和稳定性;随着单体浓度增加,乳液的单分散性变差,液滴的平均粒径逐渐变小.当SPG膜孔径大于1.0 μm左右时,可得到单分散的含TDC单体乳液;而当孔径小于1.0 μm左右时,水分子更容易扩散并溶解到油水界面甚至油相内部与TDC生成对苯二甲酸（TPA）,TPA积累到一定程度在油水界面上析出将膜孔堵塞,从而无法制得单分散乳液.随着乳化时间增长,乳液的平均直径逐渐变小、单分散性逐渐变差.     

一体式陶瓷外膜直接乳化法制备单分散水包油乳液

膜乳化法是靠膜两侧的压差使分散相通过微孔膜,以小液滴的形式分散在连续相中而形成乳状液的方法．与转一定体系、高压均化等传统制乳方法相比,膜乳化法所制得的乳液具有液滴尺寸均一、节能、剪应力小等特点,可应用于食品、医药、聚合物工业等领域．过去的十几年中,尽管在膜乳化方面进行了大量的工作,过程参数对乳滴尺寸的影响并未完全研究清楚．甚至在一些研究中,仅仅把平均乳滴直径作为分布参数．     

微孔膜乳化与悬浮聚合结合法制备均一PST-DVB多孔微球

使用自制的微孔膜乳化装置,通过微孔膜乳化结合悬浮聚合方法,批量制备了微米级的聚(苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯)(PST-DVB)微球. 实验中采用孔径为5.2 mm的微孔膜,考察了膜线剪切力、管线速度和膜乳化压力对微球粒径及其分布的影响,以及膜乳化压力和膜线剪切力对分散相流速的影响. 研究结果表明,膜线剪切力在合适的范围内对微球粒径影响不大,而管线速度在14.38~26.49 m/min之间、膜乳化压力在0.008~0.012 MPa之间时,所制备微球的尺寸均一. 研究还发现膜乳化压力是影响分散相流速的最主要因素. 研究结果为装置的规模化放大奠定了理论基础.     

一体化陶瓷外膜乳化装置制备O/W型乳状液

引　言膜乳化技术是将分散相以很小的压力压过膜孔 ,在膜表面形成微小的液滴 ,并通过剪切力的作用使小液滴从膜表面脱落而进入连续相的新型乳化技术 .该方法具有低能耗、低剪切力、需要表面活性剂较少、生成的乳液颗粒均匀等特性[1,2 ] ,所用的膜主要有微孔玻璃膜[3] 和陶瓷膜两种[4 ] .微孔玻璃膜的孔径分布较窄 ,通常在小于平均孔径±15 %的范围内变化 ,因此制备出的乳状液粒径分布较窄 ,但对称膜固有的高阻力导致膜的通量较小(通常在 2～ 4 0L·m- 2 ·h- 1) ,制约了其在工业领域的应用 .而陶瓷膜由于具有较高的通量被较多地用于工业化…     

Synthesis of spherical zirconia by reverse emulsion precipitation

Spherical ZrO₂ microparticles were prepared in a three-phase reactor by mixing two water-in-oil emulsions with normal heptane as oil phase and aqueous solutions of zirconium oxyacetate and ammonia as water phases, respectively. The principal factors that influenced the stability of emulsion were investigated, including the surfactant type, the volume of w/o, and the concentration of zirconium ion. In this work, four anion surfactants were tested, including Span 85, Arlacel 83, Span 80 and Span 40. The most stable reverse emulsions were obtained with the surfactant Span 40. When w/o volume ratio was kept 1/100 using Span 40 or Span 80 as a surfactant, the ZrO₂ microparticles with spherical morphology were successfully prepared in the reverse emulsions at various Zr⁴⁺ concentrations (from 0.5 M to 3 M). The particle sizes of ZrO₂ are smaller for Span 40 as compared with Span 80 on the same Zr⁴⁺ concentrations. The crystalline phase of the ZrO₂ powders after calcination at 750 °C for 2 h was tetragonal.     

Spreading of emulsions on a solid substrate

The wettability of emulsions is a prominent factor with a broad impact on an extensive variety of industrial applications ranging from the petroleum to the cosmetic industries. Surprisingly, there is no comprehensive study of emulsion spreading to date. In this work, the spreading of water/silicone oil emulsions on glass substrates was investigated. The emulsions were prepared with varying volume fractions of water dispersed in silicone oil, with addition of small amounts of surfactant to stabilize the emulsion structure. The time-dependent variation of dynamic contact angle, base diameter, and the spreading rate of the emulsion droplets were studied. The effect of water/silicone oil weight percentage as well as the droplet size and dispersed phase bubble size were also investigated. The weight percentage of water/silicone oil emulsion and droplet size did not have a significant impact on the spreading dynamics; however, the dispersed phase bubble size affected the spreading dynamics substantially. The coarsening of the dispersed phase bubbles was the key factor in the distinct spreading behavior of emulsions compared to pure liquids.