乌桕梓油脂肪酸组成分析

乌柏是我国四大木本油料之一,种子含油量高,乌桕梓油是由种仁榨取所得的液体油脂,是轻工业、食品和国防等行业的重要油源。乌桕梓油甲酯化后,利用100 m×0.25 mm的GC毛细管柱,气相色谱法测定乌桕梓油的脂肪酸组成。测定结果表明：乌桕梓油中饱和脂肪酸占10.68%,以棕榈酸含量最高,占7.52%。不饱和脂肪酸占89.13%,单不饱和脂肪酸占18.63%,以油酸含量最高,占14.55%;多不饱和脂肪酸占70.50%;其中含量最高的为人体所必需的脂肪酸亚油酸和α-亚麻酸,分别占30.77%和39.30%。还含有相当数量天然植物中少有的奇数碳原子脂肪酸十一烷酸,占0.29%。其中月桂烯酸（占3.19%）和十一烷酸未见报道。     

香榧种子含油量及脂肪酸组成对比研究

为探究不同品种香榧种子含油量及组成的差异,对同一产地不同品种的11种香榧（旋纹榧、茄榧、大圆榧、米榧、象牙榧、芝麻榧、普通榧、木榧、小圆榧、炭盆榧和寸金榧）种子的含油量以及种子油脂肪酸组成进行了对比研究,结果表明：不同品种的香榧种子含油量及种子油脂肪酸类型都表现出明显差异。11种不同香榧种子含油量约2%~14%,普通榧最高（13.4%）,炭盆榧最低（2.2%）;脂肪酸种类最少8个,最多13个（寸金榧和木榧）。香榧种子油以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其总量超过66%。普通榧不饱和脂肪酸总量达到85.87%,其中主要成分油酸、亚油酸总量超过72%。所有品种的香榧种子油都含有超过6.90%的特殊脂肪酸金松酸,而且以普通榧中含量最高,达到10.41%。     

奇亚籽含油量及其脂肪酸组成分析

分析不同产地的奇亚籽油脂脂肪酸组成。采用索氏提取法提取奇亚籽中油脂,并对其甲脂化处理后用气相色谱法进行分析。结果表明,不同产地奇亚籽含油率相差较大,总体保持在25.5%～29.4%之间。样品间脂肪酸组分相同,共分离鉴定出17种脂肪酸,其中主要成分为不饱和脂肪酸,单不饱和脂肪酸油酸6.9%～7.8%,多不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸18.1%～19.7%,亚麻酸60.1%～62.9%。奇亚籽作为一种新食品原料,其油脂中亚麻酸的含量研究为奇亚籽的开发利用提供参考依据。     

湖南西部山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成研究

以湖南西部不同产地山核桃为试材,采用索氏提取法和GC-MS分析法,测定了8个不同产地(吉首、龙山、古丈、凤凰、麻阳、靖州、永定、慈利)山核桃仁中脂肪含量及其油脂中脂肪酸组成,并进行差异性和相关性分析。结果表明:山核桃仁中的脂肪含量在55.86%~61.57%,平均值为58.87%;山核桃油中共检测出棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生酸和二十碳烯酸8种脂肪酸,以油酸含量(67.01%)最高,其次为亚油酸23.9%、棕榈酸4.48%、硬脂酸2.42%、α-亚麻酸1.91%,其他脂肪酸含量较低,不饱和脂肪酸平均含量达到93.01%;主要脂肪酸含量差异程度依次为:油酸α-亚麻酸亚油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸,但含量差异不显著。     

中华猕猴桃种子提取不饱和脂肪酸的研究

用中华猕猴桃种子提取不饱和脂肪酸 ,宜用石油醚作萃取剂 ,经过萃取、脱蜡、浓缩、精制后 ,其得率约为种子质量的 2 8% ,经分析 ,其亚麻酸与亚油酸含量占总脂肪酸含量的 89.4 %。     

气相色谱-质谱联用分析美藤果油脂肪酸组成

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法提取美藤果种子中的脂肪油,甲酯化后运用GC-MS联用技术对其中的脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:采用超临界CO2萃取法提取美藤果种子脂肪油得率为48.75%,所得脂肪油中含有11种脂肪酸,主要为亚麻酸(46.38%)、亚油酸(34.19%)、棕榈酸(10.89%)和硬脂酸(7.60%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达81.18%以上,表明美藤果种子富含不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。     

制备生物柴油用小球藻的油脂富集培养研究

研究了培养温度、光照强度、氮源及其氮含量对小球藻Chlorella spp的生长、油脂含量及脂肪酸的影响,以期获得最为适宜的富含油脂微藻的培养条件.采用比生长速率评价微藻的生长状况,以溶剂浸提法提取微藻中的油脂,并采用气质联用和气相色谱分析微藻的脂肪酸纰成.研究结果表明.既能使微藻Chlorella spp良好生长又可提高其油脂含量的培养条件为:温度25℃、光照强度3 500 lux、添加氮源硝酸钠并使其含氮质量浓度为0.25 g/L,此时的油脂含量可达43.7%.微藻脂肪酸的组成以C16∶0、C18∶0、C18∶2为主,表明小球藻的主要脂肪酸组成为C16和C18脂肪酸.     

杂交楝果实含油量及籽油脂肪酸组成分析

对印楝和苦楝2个亲本采用体细胞融合技术杂交形成的7年生杂交楝进行了果实含油量测定,并对其籽油进行了脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:果皮和果肉含油量较低,分别为 1.65% 和 1.53%;种仁含油量较高,为 39.20%。种仁经提取获得籽油后进行甲酯化处理,再进行GC-MS分析,共检测出6种脂肪酸。它们是亚油酸(C₁₈:2)67.00%、油酸(C₁₈:1)18.03%、棕榈酸(C₁₆:0)8.96%、硬脂酸(C₁₈:0)3.94%、花生酸(C₂₀:0)0.35% 和未知脂肪酸 1.72%;其中不饱和脂肪酸占 85.03%。杂交楝种仁含油量比苦楝高出1.6个百分点。     

鲍鱼中脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

为了解鲍鱼中脂肪酸的组成,采用Bligh-Dyer法提取鲍鱼中的脂肪油,KOH-CH3OH溶液甲酯化后利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行分析测定。结果表明鲍鱼脂肪油中共检出脂肪酸11种,其中不饱和脂肪酸6种,相对百分含量为58.56%,棕榈油酸含量为2.31%,油酸的含量为22.79%,亚油酸含量为3.82%,5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酸的含量为18.74%。     

荞麦籽油的脂肪酸组成与含量分析

通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定荞麦籽油中的脂肪酸含量,用外标法与峰面积归一法进行定量分析。荞麦籽油脂肪酸种类丰富,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中单不饱和脂肪酸为45.10%,多不饱和脂肪酸为32.76%。荞麦籽油中4种脂肪酸含量:油酸亚油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸。     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC—MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成。用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成。结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29．2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为：油酸（45．37％）、亚油酸（30．68％）、棕榈酸（13．60％）和硬脂酸（8．94％）,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76．29％。番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值。．     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成.用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成.结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29.2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为:油酸(45.37％)、亚油酸(30.68％)、棕榈酸(13.60％)和硬脂酸(8.94％),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76.29％.番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

木本油料脂肪酸组成、提纯及其应用研究进展

木本油料是我国传统工业油料,应用领域广泛,可作为优质的食用植物油的来源,也可作为生产生物柴油的原料,并且还被用于饲料添加剂和化妆品行业。木本油料中C12~C18不饱和脂肪酸含量高,易被人体吸收,不同提取技术(压榨法、水酶法、超声波辅助法、浸出法等)对木本油料的脂肪酸组成及含量的影响较小。本文对橡胶籽油、核桃油、椰子油、山苍子核仁油、牡丹籽油、油茶籽油和棕榈油等7种木本油料的资源量、应用情况做了简单介绍,并综述了7种木本油料的脂肪酸组成及其提取纯化技术,重点介绍了木本油料中的中长碳链不饱和脂肪酸的提纯技术,并对提纯后的月桂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸的应用进行了综述和展望。     

Effects of age,sex, and diet upon carcass and liver fatty acid composition of pitman-moore miniature pigs

Fatty acid composition of carcass and liver and proximate analysis of liver were studied in 14–28 day old Pitman-Moore miniature pigs, 26 sow-reared and 30 fed a semisynthetic diet in which the fat was lard. With increasing age, fat of carcass, but not of liver, became significantly more unsaturated. The percentage of palmitic acid (16∶0) and total saturated fatty acids was significantly greater and the percentage of linoleic acid (18∶2) and total unsaturated fatty acids significantly less in carcasses of male than of female pigs. No sex-related differences in proximate or fatty acid composition of the liver were noted. Carcasses of sow-reared pigs contained significantly greater percentages of myristic (14∶0), palmitoleic (16∶1), and linoleic acids and significantly lesser percentages of stearic (18∶0) and oleic (18∶1) acids than did those of pigs fed the semisynthetic diet. Diet-related differences in fatty acid composition of liver closely paralleled those of carcass, although liver contained markedly greater percentages of stearic and arachidonic (20∶4) acids and lesser percentages of palmitoleic and oleic acids than did carcass. Diet-related differences in fatty acid composition of carcass and liver are discussed in relation to the fatty acid composition of dietary fat (sow milk and lard).     

Fatty acid composition of oil from soybean leaves grown at extreme temperatures

Leaves from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants were assayed to determine if the relationship between temperature and relative fatty acid composition observed in the seed oil also existed for the triglycerides in the leaf oil. Leaf samples were harvested from eight soybean lines (A5, A6, C1640, Century, Maple Arrow, N78-2245, PI 123440 and PI 361088B) grown at 40/30,28/22 and 15/ 12°C day/night. At 40/30 and 28/22°C, seven fatty acids were observed at a level greater than 1.0%. These included the five major fatty acids found in the seed oil: palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acid; plus two fatty acids that had retention times the same as palmitoleic (16:1) and γ-linolenic (18:3 g) acid. In addition, an eighth fatty acid that had a retention time the same as behenic (22:0) acid was found in the leaves of all lines at 15/12°C. Palmitic, palmitoleic and stearic acid content did not differ significantly over temperatures. The oleic and linoleic acid content were each highest at 15/12°C, while the γ-linolenic and the linolenic acid content were each highest at 40/30°C. The fatty acid composition of the triglyceride portion of the leaf oil did not display the same pattern over temperatures as that observed for seed oil.     

Investigating Some Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Native Black Mulberry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Morus nigra</Emphasis> L.) Seed Oil

The physicochemical properties of seed and seed oil obtained from the native black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) were investigated in 2008 and 2009. The results showed that the seed consisted of 27.5–33% crude oil, 20.2–22.5% crude protein, 3.5–6% ash, 42.4–46.6% carbohydrate and 112.2–152.0 mg total phenolics/100 g. Twenty different fatty acids were determined, with the percentages varying from 0.02% myristic acid (C14:0) to 78.7% linoleic acid (C18:2). According to the GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters, linoleic acid (C18:2), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and stearic acid (C18:0) were the major fatty acids, which together comprised approximately 97% of the total identified fatty acids. High C18:2 content (average 73.7%) proved that the black mulberry seed oil is a good source of the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid. Linolenic acid (C18:3) was also found in a relatively lower amount (0.3–0.5%). The α-tocopherol content was found to be between 0.17 and 0.20 mg in 100 g seed oil. The main sterols in the mulberry seed oil were β-sitosterol, Δ5-avenasterol, Δ5, 23-stigmastadienol, clerosterol, sitosterol and Δ5, 24-stigmastadienol. The present study stated that the native black mulberry seed oil can be used as a nutritional dietary substance and has great usage potential.     

Temperature effects on fatty acid composition during development of low-linolenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

The influence of temperature during seed development on the fatty acid composition of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was studied in one low-linolenic and one conventional canola cultivar. The cultivar Regent produces seed oil with ∼20% linoleic acid (C18:2) and ∼8% linolenic acid (C18:3), whereas Stellar is relatively high in C18:2 (∼25%) and low in C18:3 (∼2.5%). Both cultivars were grown in the field, and the fatty acid compositions of the seed oils were monitored throughout the period of seed development. In the field, the content of saturated (C16:0+C18:0) and monounsaturated (C18:1) fatty acids in the seed oil increased when seed developed under high temperatures. C18:3 levels were higher in seed harvested at sites with lower average daily temperatures. The low C18:3 trait of the cultivar Stellar was relatively stable over environments. Both temperature and duration of exposure to the temperature during seed development affected the fatty acid composition of the seed in a controlled environment study. Plants subjected to a high-temperature treatment (30/25°C day/night) for 40 d produced seed with the lowest C18:3 content and the highest levels of C16:0+C18:0 and C18:1. This was observed in both cultivars.     

Variation in Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Globe Artichoke Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Seed oil content of globe artichoke and its composition were assessed under three irrigation regimes, including irrigation at 20, 50, and 80 % depletion of soil available water. Water deficit affected the phenological characteristics, amount and the quality of the oil as well as the phenolics and antioxidant activity of the leaves and capitula. The seed oil content ranged from 18.7 % in 80 % to 22.8 % in 20 % treatment. The fatty acid composition of oil was determined using gas chromatography (GC). The predominant fatty acids in the oil were linoleic (51.68 %), oleic (34.22 %), palmitic (9.94 %), and stearic (3.58 %). Water deficit leads to reduced oil content, linoleic acid, the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and the iodine value. On the other hand, some other fatty acids such as palmitic and oleic acid and also the ratio of oleic/linoleic acid were elevated due to water deficit. Higher antioxidant activity was observed in capitula (IC₅₀ = 222.6 μg ml^?1) in comparison to the leaves (IC₅₀ = 285.8 μg ml^?1). Finally, the severe drought stress condition caused to gain higher oil stability, while the highest seed oil content and unsaturated fatty acids in the oil was obtained in non‐stress condition. Moreover, high phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity as well as appreciable dry matter content were obtained in the moderate water stress condition.     

Association of seed size with genotypic variation in the chemical constituents of soybeans

Ten soybean genotypes grown in 1992 with seed size ranging from 7.6 to 30.3 g/100 seeds and maturity group V or VI were selected and tested for oil and protein content and for fatty acid composition. In these germplasm, protein varied from 39.5 to 50.2%, oil, 16.3 to 21.6%, and protein plus oil, 59.7 to 67.5%. Percentages of individual fatty acids relative to total fatty acids varied as follows: palmitic, 11.0 to 12.8; stearic, 3.2 to 4.7; oleic, 17.6 to 24.2; linoleic, 51.1 to 56.3 and linolenic, 6.9 to 10.0. Seed size showed no significant correlations with individual saturated fatty acids, protein or oil content. However, significant correlations were found between seed size and individual unsaturated fatty acids: positive with oleic, and negative with linoleic and linolenic. Oil and protein content were negatively correlated with each other. Among the major fatty acids, only the unsaturated were significantly correlated with each other: negative between oleic and linoleic or linolenic, and positive between linoleic and linolenic. A subsequent study with soybeans grown in 1993 generally confirmed these findings. Variation in relative percentages of unsaturated fatty acids andr values for most pairs of relationships were even higher than those obtained from the 1992 crop. Presented at the 85th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo, Atlanta, Georgia, May 8–12, 1994.