钛铝合金板材压印成形及接头力学性能实验研究

对钛合金(TA1)和铝合金(Al5052)板材组合进行压印连接的可行性进行了研究,发现压印连接可以有效地实现TA1-TA1组合和Al5052-TA1组合的连接。对所获得的接头进行准静态力学性能测试,并运用扫描电子显微镜对接头拉伸断口进行微观分析。结果表明,压印连接时,钛合金和铝合金的组合能够获得成形性较好的压印接头,TA1-TA1接头的最大载荷和失效位移较Al5052-TA1接头提高了303.8%和49.4%,这两种接头静态失效形式相似,为上板颈部材料首先被破坏,产生裂纹,之后裂纹沿周向逐渐扩展,最终导致整个压印接头断裂。由微观断口可以判断TAl-TA1接头断口处呈现准解理和韧窝形貌,即同时具有韧性断裂和脆性断裂的特征;Al5052-TA1接头断口处呈现直径和深度较大的拉长韧窝,即为韧性断裂。     

粘接剂对1420铝锂合金压印接头疲劳性能的影响

压印连接以高效率、低能耗的优点在薄板材料连接中被广泛应用,但其连接强度相对较低,鉴于此,压印-粘接复合连接应运而生。本文以1420铝锂合金为原材料,制备了1420同种材料组合的压印接头及压印-粘接复合接头并进行对比。通过拉-剪静态力学试验测定两种接头的静力学强度及承载能力,通过拉-拉动态疲劳试验测定两种接头的动态疲劳性能,采用三参数法拟合疲劳寿命曲线,并对疲劳失效断口进行分析。结果表明:压-粘接头的静强度比压印接头提高了108.17%,接头承载能力提高169.63%。在短寿命区,两种接头均为颈部断裂失效;在中长疲劳寿命区,压-粘接头的疲劳寿命优于压印接头,压-粘接头疲劳断裂位置为压印点,压印接头疲劳断裂位置为下板。对疲劳断口进行SEM分析,发现两组疲劳断口均呈现韧性断裂与脆性断裂同时出现的特征。     

TA1异质自冲铆接头力学性能及失效机理

通过自冲铆接对比试验获得接头最优铆接参数,并以此制备TA1钛合金板分别与Al5052铝合金板和H62铜合金板的异质自冲铆接头。通过静力学实验和疲劳实验研究异质接头的力学性能,并运用疲劳三参数经验公式拟合S-N曲线,最后利用扫描电镜和能谱仪进行断口分析和能谱分析进而研究接头的疲劳失效机理。结果表明,TA1-H62(STH)接头静失效载荷优于TA1-Al5052(STA)接头;且前者在低载荷下疲劳寿命优于后者,STA接头则在高载荷下优势明显。STA接头疲劳失效模式为下板断裂,STH接头则出现了两种失效模式;两板间及铆钉与上下板之间接触区域发生的剧烈微震磨损是导致疲劳裂纹萌生的主要原因。     

TA1钛合金自冲铆接头力学性能及微动行为

本工作以TA1自冲铆接头为研究对象,基于拉伸-剪切和疲劳试验分析了接头的力学性能,并采用扫描电镜从微观层面研究了接头的拉伸-剪切失效机理、疲劳失效机理及微动行为。结果表明:拉伸-剪切失效模式为铆钉腿部从下板拉脱,铆钉颈部存在不同程度的断裂。疲劳失效模式主要为上板断裂失效,其疲劳极限约为1.18 kN。疲劳裂纹从上板与铆钉头接触部位萌生,在持续微动磨损及疲劳循环应力作用下,沿板厚和板宽方向不断扩展,直至接头疲劳断裂。微动磨损的剧烈程度直接影响接头疲劳失效模式。上板与铆钉头接触区的微动磨损源于板宽W区域,随着微动过程的不断进行,逐步向板长L区域扩展。     

钛合金压印接头热处理前后静态失效机理分析

对钛合金进行压印连接,将得到的压印接头分成3部分,一部分不予处理,一部分进行整体淬火处理,一部分进行整体退火处理,再将热处理前后的接头进行静态力学实验,并运用扫描电子显微镜对接头拉伸断口进行微观分析。结果表明,未处理的钛合金压印接头静拉伸失效载荷为4567.22 N,变形位移为1.19 mm;淬火处理的钛合金压印接头载荷和位移值均大幅度降低;退火处理的钛合金压印接头失效载荷降低了10.9%,变形位移比未处理的接头增加了7.6%。3种接头失效模式均为颈部断裂失效,从微观角度分析可知钛合金压印接头断口呈现韧窝形貌和少量解理特征,主要为韧性断裂;钛合金压印接头淬火后断口出现准解理特性和滑移特征,为脆性断裂;钛合金压印接头退火后断口呈现准解理和均匀的韧窝特征,主要为韧脆混合断口。     

钛合金压印接头疲劳性能与微观分析

压印连接是近年来新兴的连接方式,因其具有简单高效、低耗环保等优点,在连接应用方面越来越受到重视,而疲劳破坏是机械零件失效的主要形式。对钛合金压印接头的疲劳性能进行了实验研究,与母材的力学性能进行了对比分析,并对疲劳失效断口进行了断口分析和能谱分析。实验结果显示钛合金压印接头的平均拉伸-剪切强度约为同等尺寸材料拉伸-剪切强度的36.7%;钛合金压印接头的疲劳极限约为材料疲劳极限的46%,平均载荷约为接头最大静强度的42%。微观特征显示断口呈脆性疲劳断裂特征,由于微动磨损和氧化作用产生了成分为氧化钛的微动磨屑,且其硬度较高,因此在微动过程中起到磨粒的作用,从而加速了磨损和裂纹扩展,最终导致疲劳失效。     

基于循环载荷的单搭胶接接头残余强度分析

为研究循环载荷下单搭胶接接头的残余强度及失效机理,以5052铝合金单搭胶接接头为研究对象,先后对其进行静强度测试、疲劳强度测试和残余强度测试,引入威布尔分布对试验数据进行分析,检验其有效性,并采用超声扫描显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对失效胶层进行失效机理分析。结果表明,在疲劳循环载荷作用下,接头刚度基本稳定,而残余强度随着疲劳循环载荷周次的增加,呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势;疲劳裂纹从接头搭接端部的界面端点处开始萌生,并快速向中间扩展,当疲劳循环达到一定次数时,胶层瞬间断裂,裂纹萌生阶段几乎占据了其全部疲劳寿命,失效后的胶层会出现"凹台"状微观结构。     

泡沫金属三明治结构压印-粘接复合接头剥离性能分析

为研究三明治结构压印-粘接复合接头的抗剥离性能,选取AA5052铝合金板以及泡沫镍、泡沫铜以及泡沫铁镍进行压印-粘接复合连接,对接头进行拉伸剪切试验,采用扫描电镜对失效断口进行了观察,分析了接头的失效形式、失效载荷、能量吸收值以及失效机理。结果表明:夹层的存在会使接头中胶层的失效过程更加稳定,夹层对于压印-粘接复合接头的承载能力并无显著影响,但是会降低其失效过程中的能量吸收值。     

三层板电阻点焊接头界面力学性能

目的为掌握汽车侧撞区域三层板电阻点焊接头不同界面的承载能力,研究三层板接头力学性能。方法以B1500HS-1.4 mm/B1500HS-1.6 mm/DC06-0.8 mm三层板电阻点焊接头为研究对象,通过剪切拉伸试验结果,对比分析不同界面的力学性能,并对焊点熔核区显微组织、界面熔核尺寸、显微硬度以及失效模式进行研究与分析。结果在三层焊中,当上下两侧板材强度相差很大时,不同界面的三层板点焊接头具有不同的峰值载荷和断裂能量,强强界面的剪切承载能力是强弱界面的6倍;熔核区不同板材处的马氏体含量以及界面熔核尺寸均影响点焊接头的力学性能;热成形钢一侧影响区因原始全马氏体组织出现了软化;拉剪试验条件下,B1500HS-1.4 mm/B1500HS-1.6 mm界面点焊接头失效模式为纽扣失效,B1500HS-1.6mm/DC06-0.8 mm界面点焊接头失效模式为先纽扣失效,后母材撕裂。结论在汽车耐撞设计中应通过承载分配,将碰撞结构力传导至强强界面,并通过隔离设计尽量避免强弱界面受到结构力影响,以提高碰撞性能。     

局部热处理对不同模具压印接头静力性能影响分析

首先对同种基板不同压印模具的压印连接接头进行局部热处理,然后再进行拉剪试验,研究局部热处理对不同模具压印连接接头的抗拉强度、失效位移、能量吸收能力以及失效模式的影响。结果表明:局部热处理对方形与圆形模具压印连接接头的抗拉强度均有提升作用;对方形模具的失效位移有增大作用,对圆形模具失效位移有减小作用;对能量吸收能力均有提高作用。失效模式也受到局部热处理影响,方模与圆模压印接头经局部热处理后颈部被撕裂程度都增大,其中圆模压印接头经热处理后失效模式由内锁拉脱失效变为颈部断裂失效。     

Fatigue behaviour of tensile-shear loaded clinched joints

The present work concentrates on the static and fatigue behaviour of tensile-shear loaded joints obtained by clinching, a rapidly developing cold welding technology for thin sheets used is in automobile, electronic and house hold appliances industries. The project primarily dealt with static, fatigue and residual strength tests, which showed a good fatigue behaviour of the clinched joints. Fractographic observations showed three different failure modes whose occurrence depends on the maximum applied load and on the stress ratio. Results were supported by FEM analyses showing that the failure regions of the clinched joints correspond to those with high stress concentrations.     

Fatigue strength of self‐piercing riveted joints in lap‐shear specimens of aluminium and steel sheets

The self‐piercing riveting (SPR) process is gaining popularity because of its many advantages. This study investigated the fatigue strength of SPR joints in tensile‐shear specimens with dissimilar Al‐5052 and steel sheets. A structural analysis of the specimen was conducted. For this specimen, the upper steel sheet withstood applied load in a monotonic test and played a major role in the low‐cycle region. In the high‐cycle region, however, the harder surface of the upper steel sheet reduced the fatigue strength by enhancing fretting crack initiation on the opposite softer aluminium surface. Therefore, the fatigue endurance of the specimen was reduced. The fatigue endurance of a SPR joint with the combination of steel and aluminium sheets was found to be governed by the strength of the lower sheet, which is more vulnerable to the applied loading. Thus, it is desirable to use a stronger metal sheet as the lower sheet with regard to the fatigue performance. Scanning acoustic microscopy was effectively used to reveal and prove the formation and growth of subsurface cracks in SPR joints. The structural stress can predict the fatigue lifetimes of the SPR joint specimens within a factor of three.     

Fatigue behaviour of clinched joints in a steel sheet

Clinch joining has been used in sheet metal work owing to its simplicity and because it facilitates the joining dissimilar metal sheets. In this study, monotonic and fatigue tests were conducted using coach‐peel and cross‐tension type specimens to evaluate the fatigue strength of clinch joints in a cold‐rolled mild steel sheet. The monotonic experimental results reveal that the coach‐peel specimen exhibits the lowest monotonic strength among the three specimen configurations. The coach‐peel and cross‐tension specimen geometries exhibit very low fatigue ratios, compared with the tensile‐shear specimen. The maximum von Mises and principal stresses at the fatigue endurance limit are much higher than the engineering tensile strengths of the steel sheet used to determine the three specimen geometries. Compared with the effective stress and maximum principal stress, the Smith–Watson–Topper fatigue parameter can be used for an appropriate prediction of the current experimental fatigue life. With regard to the coach‐peel specimen geometry, all samples exhibit pull‐out failure mode in the fatigue testing range. However, for the cross‐tension specimen geometry, mixed (pull‐out and interface) and interface failure modes occurred, depending on the number of cycles to failure.     

TA1钛合金单搭自冲铆接头微动磨损机理

对TA1钛合金单搭自冲铆接头进行疲劳实验研究接头失效形式;用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱线扫描研究铆钉各部位微动磨损程度的差异和接头微动磨损机理;采用威布尔分布验证数据有效性.结果表明:接头疲劳失效形式主要为上板断裂,高周疲劳均为上板断裂,低周疲劳为上下板混合断裂;微动磨屑包含氧、钛、锌和锡元素,铆钉头部微动磨损程度高于铆钉腿部.微动磨损区出现严重脱层、微动磨屑堆积和微裂纹萌生等现象,随着微动磨损及剪切力共同作用导致接头断口部位出现大量微裂纹并逐步沿深度和宽度方向扩展为宏观裂纹,最终导致接头疲劳失效.     

Fatigue behaviour of dissimilar Al 5052 and Mg AZ31 resistance spot welds with Sn‐coated steel interlayer

The fatigue property of dissimilar spot welds between an aluminium alloy (AA5052) and a magnesium alloy (AZ31) was studied in this research. The AA5052 and AZ31 coupons were resistance spot welded together by using an interlayer of Sn‐coated steel between the two coupons. The fatigue test results revealed that the Mg/Al joints had the same level of fatigue strength as Mg/Mg resistance spot welds. It was found that within the life range of N_f < 10⁵ cycles, Mg/Al welds degraded faster than Mg/Mg joints. This was attributed to the larger bending moment on the plane of fatigue failure in the Mg/Al welds. Three failure modes were observed under different cyclic loading regimes: Al/steel interfacial failure, Mg coupon failure and Al coupon failure. Fatigue fracture surface of Mg/Al welds consisted of two distinct regions: crack propagation region with brittle morphology and final rupture with ductile morphology.