双级螺杆式制冷机组油冷却控制系统的改进

对双级螺杆式制冷机组油冷却控制系统及油冷却负荷进行分析计算,发现热力膨胀阀冷冻能力与不同工况的实际运行情况无法匹配是造成板式换热器板片温度大幅波动的主要原因。试验证明该温度波动造成板式换热器热疲劳。采用对电子膨胀阀开度进行自动调节的PID控制系统,换热器板片温度的波动幅度大幅降低,油温稳定在设定目标值,符合设计与使用要求。此控制方式特别适用于多变量、非线性和不断变化的系统。     

冷冻油对螺杆式压缩机滑阀容量调节机构可靠性的影响与分析

介绍螺杆式压缩机的滑阀容量调节机构的原理,分析冷冻油对其可靠性的影响。冷冻油的物理性能差异导致滑阀卸载力大小不同,从而影响滑阀容量调节机构的可靠性。试验结果表明：减小毛细管的孔径或增大滑阀在吸气端的受力面积可有效解决低黏度的冷冻油对滑阀容量调节机构的卸载可靠性的影响。     

变流量制冷系统中频率与电子膨胀阀开度的协同控制研究

针对变流量(VRF)制冷系统控制中的滞后或超调现象,本文以变频滚动转子式制冷系统为研究对象,分别通过改变压缩机频率与电子膨胀阀开度,建立了两者单独控制下的曲线拟合模型,并对不同工况下两者的同步控制方法进行了实验研究。结果表明:过热度随膨胀电子膨胀阀开度的增大而减小,在电子膨胀阀开度为28%～32%与频率为44.5～46.5 Hz时,过热度控制难度上升,通过调节冷冻水温度可改善这一状况;在一定的工况下,通过控制质量流量,可以得到频率与电子膨胀阀开度的关系式,实现电子膨胀阀开度与压缩机频率的同步控制,使系统迅速达到稳定状态。     

一种轨道车辆空调电子膨胀阀调节的试验调试与计算方法

介绍了某型号轨道车辆空调电子膨胀阀调节的试验调试过程,通过调节膨胀阀的开度以使压缩机排气温度逼近到相应目标值。试验中依次确定了阀的初始最短可调时间、调节时间间隔和调节步距。进而在试验数据基础上总结了一种电子膨胀阀调节的计算方法,计算结果与空调机组的试验数据较为吻合。通过该方法计算并控制电子膨胀阀的调节,使排气温度变化过程平滑连续,满足排气温度的变化响应和稳定性要求,并为其它空调控制电子膨胀阀的调节提供了借鉴。     

超市冷冻冷藏陈列柜改造方案探讨

为了优化超市冷冻冷藏陈列柜的设计,提出将具有电磁阀和温控器功能的MEMS膨胀阀代替传统的热力膨胀阀作为节流装置,以克服热力膨胀阀调节速度慢、精度低和功能单一的缺点。试验结果表明,经过优化设计的MEMS膨胀阀不仅能够代替电磁阀起到系统的启停作用,还可以代替温控器检测柜内空气温度,并且通过对过热度控制逻辑的改进,实现冷冻冷藏陈列柜10.1%的节能。     

螺杆式压缩机用经济器的控制方式及其试验验证

提出一种螺杆式压缩机用经济器的控制方式,通过引入中间压力、压缩机负荷、排气压力和电流等参数,使经济器能够高效运行在压缩机许可的运行范围内;并使用排气压力和电流参与控制经济器电子膨胀阀的开度,避免在某些恶劣工况下电子膨胀阀的频繁启停,提高其应用的可靠性。     

电子膨胀阀在定频制冷系统上的应用

压缩机制冷系统,现在有使用定频压缩机的定频制冷系统和使用变频压缩机的变频制冷系统,变频制冷系统中的变频压缩机根据设备当前温度与设定目标温度的差值大小调节压缩机的转速,从而使压缩机输出的制冷量增大或减小。而在使用定频压缩机的定频制冷系统中,节流元件用热力膨胀阀或是毛细管时,其制冷量的输出几乎不变,为保证制冷设备内的温度或空调房间的温度保持恒定,压缩机需频繁开停,笔者针对上述问题,对电子膨胀阀在定频制冷系统上的应用进行了研究。     

低频率下电子膨胀阀调节对制冷系统性能的影响

以R32变制冷剂流量制冷系统实验装置为研究对象,通过改变变频压缩机频率和电子膨胀阀开度,对低频率下电子膨胀阀调节对系统性能的影响进行了实验分析。研究结果表明:1)系统制冷量和质量流量在各频率下变化规律相同;2)当控制蒸发器出口过热度在2 K附近时,低频率范围(25~35 Hz)内存在一个最佳频率点,与其他各频率相比,其系统COP最高;3)低频率下压缩机在过热度0 K附近极少量的吸气带液就会对系统性能造成严重影响,这在实际运行中需要极力避免;4)低频率下(25~35 Hz)控制过热度从0 K变为10 K,电子膨胀阀调节区间为4%~9%,而高频率下(40~50 Hz)调节区间为15%~23%,提高冷冻水温度可以有效改善低频下电子膨胀阀的调节性能。以上结论可以推广到其他变制冷剂流量系统,如变频热泵空调和汽车空调等。     

螺杆压缩机能量的模糊控制方法

本文介绍了螺杆式压缩机能量调节的一种模糊控制方法,依据温度变化的快慢因数估算测出下一个采样周期的冷冻水(热水)温度,利用预测值的偏差套用模糊规则表实现量化输出控制.实际的应用情况表明该控制方案运行合理,稳定有效.     

膨胀阀对陈列柜内温度分布影响的对比实验研究

对热力膨胀阀和电子膨胀阀控制下陈列柜内的温度分布做了实验研究。结果表明，在热力膨胀阀控制下，陈列柜内的温度分布情况与电子膨胀阀相差不大。在目前的实际应用中，热力膨胀阀基本能满足一般客户对陈列柜的使用要求，没有必要大规模进行电子膨胀阀的替代。     

Theoretical and experimental investigation on the performance of screw refrigeration compressor under part-load conditions

Slide valve is normally employed in screw refrigeration compressor to meet the cooling capacity demanded by the load variation. A mathematical model describing the working process of screw refrigeration compressor with a slide valve assembly under part-load conditions is established based on the calculation of the effective by-pass area and radial discharge area. Experimental investigation on a screw refrigeration compressor under part-load conditions with several evaporation and condensation temperatures is also carried out. Simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. With the validated model, effects of key design parameters, i.e. the installation angles of the slide valve relative to the cylinder and the slide stop length, on the working process and performance of screw refrigeration compressor have been analyzed. These results can be useful for optimum design of the slide valve assembly to improve the energy efficiency of refrigeration system with screw compressor under part-load conditions.     

Thermostatic valve control using a non-azeotropic refrigerant, isobutane/propane mixtureRégulation d'un détendeur thermostatique utilisant un mélange d'isobutane et de propane comme frigorigène non azéotropique

This article describes the evaluation and comparison of a conventional R12 cross-charged thermostatic valve and an electronic expansion valve using a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture (NARM); isobutane/propane mixture (CARE30). The superheat temperature setting on an expansion valve needs to compensate for the temperature glide associated with a non-azeotropic refrigerant as these can be of similar magnitude. It is also advisable to increase the superheat setting to make allowance for change in refrigerant composition as a result of preferential refrigerant/oil solubility. The majority of refrigeration systems operate at fixed evaporating temperatures, hence, once superheat setting is trimmed during commissioning, then there should be no further problems associated with evaporation of a non-azeotropic refrigerant provided the system is leak-tight. An R12 expansion valve with a factory superheat setting of 5°C tested over a wide range of evaporating temperatures proved satisfactory in operation with CARE30 after increasing the superheat temperature screw setting equivalent to 5°C.     

Thermal modeling for the motor in semi-hermetic screw refrigeration compressors under part-load conditions

In the semi-hermetic screw refrigeration compressor, the motor is mostly cooled down by suction refrigerant before it flows into the compressor suction port. To investigate cooling effects of the motor and performance of the compressor under part-load conditions, a lumped parameter model describing heat-transfer characteristics inside the motor and a part-load model of screw refrigeration compressor are developed and validated. Heating effects at compressor suction end and heat conduction from the male rotor screw to the motor shaft are taken into account. Nodes representing refrigerant inside the motor cooling passages are modeled separately. Temperature rise of refrigerant through the motor increases when the compressor load drops by either suction volume variation or speed variation. With drop of the compressor load, stator winding temperature goes up in the case of suction volume variation by slide valve motion, but it lows in the case of speed variation by frequency conversion.     

离心式冷水机组油温智能控制系统的设计研究

介绍一种离心式冷水机组油温智能控制系统,以西门子S7-200系列PLC和ProFace文本显示器组成控制系统的核心,以电子膨胀阀代替传统意义的孔板控制冷却油温的制冷剂流量,达到精确控制油温的目的。与传统油温控制系统相比,该系统对离心式冷水机组运行过程中精确控制油温、降低压缩机壳体表面温升、减小机组振动幅度有显著作用。     

R22与R404A在制冷螺杆压缩机中应用的性能对比分析

本文将R22和R404A应用在制冷螺杆压缩机中的制冷特性进行了研究,对比分析了两种制冷剂应用在螺杆压缩机中的制冷量、功耗、COP、排气温度及其所需内容积比的差异。结果表明,在一定冷凝温度下,蒸发温度从．50℃～10℃之间变化时,与R22相比,R404A的制冷量和COP有所降低,功耗增加7．0％～14．7％左右,系统压比和所需的内容积比的差异小,因此在制冷螺杆压缩机中分别应用R404A和R22制冷剂时,不必改变螺杆压缩机的内容积比大小。再又,R404A在系统含水量、清洁度、密封性、冷冻油的使用方面与R22有所不同,在生产和应用中需要加以注意。     

蒸发式冷凝器与螺杆式制冷压缩机的组合应用

介绍蒸发式冷凝器的优点,分析采用蒸发式冷凝器的冷凝工质直接对螺杆式制冷压缩机的油冷却器进行冷却的设计要点及注意事项,特别对螺杆式制冷压缩机油冷却器装设放油管和放油阀门的重要性进行阐述。     

Theoretical and experimental study on indicator diagram of twin screw refrigeration compressor

In this paper a new mathematical model for calculating the indicator diagram of twin screw refrigeration compressor is presented firstly. The geometric parameters related to the rotation angle of male rotor are used in the model such as groove volume, suction and discharge port area, slide valve bypass port area, leakage area etc. The effects of internal leakage through five paths, oil injection, gas–oil heat transfer, refrigerant property and partial loading etc. are taken into account simultaneously and separately in the theoretical study. To verify the model and the calculated p–V indicator diagram, experimental recording of p–V indicator diagram of twin screw refrigeration compressor is carried out. Various indicator diagrams are recorded successfully by a small pressure sensor embedded in the bottom of female rotor at the discharge side. The results of theoretical calculation are in good agreement with the measured data, which lead to conclusion that the model can be used as a powerful tool for performance prediction and product development.     

采用不同膨胀机构的跨临界CO2循环性能分析

运用热力学第一定律和第二定律对跨临界CO2基本循环、膨胀机循环、喷射器循环和涡流管循环进行了分析,计算了各循环各个部件的损失,比较了各循环性能系数和总损失。计算结果表明,采用膨胀机、喷射器和涡流管等膨胀设备代替基本循环中的节流阀后,由于这些改进膨胀设备的损失小于基本循环节流阀的损失,同时改进循环中压缩机的损失小于基本循环的压缩机损失,从而减小了循环总损失,提高了循环的COP。膨胀机循环的COP远大于其它跨临界CO2循环,其次为喷射器循环和涡流管循环。     

Effects of liquid refrigerant injection on the performance of a refrigeration system with an accumulator heat exchanger

Liquid refrigerant injection technique can be a very effective method for controlling subcooling and the compressor discharge temperature of a refrigeration system at high ambient temperatures. In this study, the effects of liquid refrigerant injection on the performance of a refrigeration system with an accumulator heat exchanger were investigated by varying the liquid injection rate at the conditions of constant expansion valve opening in the evaporator and constant total flow rate. During the tests, the ambient temperature was maintained at 43 °C. With the increase of the liquid injection rate, the subcooling at the inner heat exchanger outlet increased and the superheat at the accumulator outlet decreased. However, unacceptable results such as the increase of the compressor discharge pressure and decrease of the system performance were also observed depending on the control method applied. To obtain high system performance and reliability, optimum control methods for liquid injection in the accumulator heat exchanger are suggested. The liquid injection technique for the refrigeration system with an accumulator heat exchanger was found to be an effective method for controlling adequate subcooling and the compressor discharge temperature of the refrigeration system at high ambient temperatures.     

A state-space dynamic model for vapor compression refrigeration system based on moving-boundary formulation

A transient response model for vapor compression refrigeration system has been developed in the paper. The system model contains four sub-models representing condenser, evaporator, compressor and electronic expansion valve (EEV). The condenser and the evaporator are developed based on the moving-boundary formulation. Through linearization, these dynamic models are transformed into state-space representation which is expressed in the form of matrix. The compressor and EEV adopt steady models because their thermal inertia is much smaller compared with the heat exchangers (i.e., condenser and the evaporator). The system model has been validated by experiment in terms of step change of EEV opening degree and heat load as well as ramp increase of inlet temperature of coolant oil of condenser. The results show that the model simulations have a good agreement with the experimental data. The simulation errors compared with the experimental data are mostly less than 10%. Since the model proposed in this study is expressed in the form of state-space matrix, they are featured by strong portability and high computation efficiency. It allows us to investigate the thermal dynamic characteristics of a refrigeration system under any complicated conditions and develop excellent control schemes.