超高分子量聚乙烯气体辅助挤出的数值模拟分析

以超高分子量聚乙烯的圆形轴对称气辅口模挤出为研究对象,采用Polyflow软件对气辅口模挤出时的等温流动进行数值模拟,并对挤出口模内的速度、压力、剪切速率等场量分布进行分析.     

塑料型材挤出模具内熔体的流动行为分析

根据型材挤出口模内的结构特点,基于广义牛顿流体的一维和二维流动控制方程,采用伽辽金有限元法实现了型材挤出口模内的数值模拟,并对二维问题进行了流线分析。     

异型材口模挤出三维流动计算机模拟系统

建立了异型材口模挤出三维流动计算机模拟系统的基本框架，介绍了其结构和功能，该系统主要包括前置处理，有限元分析和后置处理三大模块，有限元分析模块又包括对口模内幂律流动的分析模块，粘弹性PTT流体流动的分析模块以及粘弹性PTTI充体三维挤出胀大的分析模块，后置处理主要包括速度场和应力场的后置处理。该系统目前只是一个雏形，经过不断发展和完善，有望成为异型材口模挤出过程模拟的通用分析软件。     

PTT熔体在塑料异型材挤出口模内黏弹流动的数值模拟

采用PTT黏弹模型,对聚合物熔体在T型异型材挤出口模内的三维等温流动进行数值模拟,得出口模内外速度、剪切速率、压力和应力分布.结果表明:由于出口效应,在口模出口处,速度、剪切速率、压力分布均发生突变.这种突变有可能造成负压,从而引发熔体破裂.口模内二次流动产生的剪切应力甚至会超过因挤出流动产生的剪切应力.应力易集中发生在口模截面的拐角处,随着挤出流量的增加,口模内最大剪切应力和最大第一法向应力差几乎线性地增加,而不会急剧增大.     

基于灵敏度分析的挤出平缝口模优化设计

给出了以直接微分法计算稳态非线性系统设计灵敏度的方法。在基于挤出平缝口模熔体流动机理分析的基础上，建立了口模内熔体流动数学模型。并把设计灵敏度分析法和数值成型模拟技术相结合，运用于口模流道优化设计中，降低挤出平缝口模的出口速率变化率，从而改善了产品质量。通过实例验证，提出的口模优化设计方法非常有效。     

超高分子量聚乙烯气辅挤出影响因素的数值模拟及分析

以超高分子量聚乙烯的圆形轴对称气辅口模挤出为研究对象,在采用Polyflow软件对气辅口模挤出时的等温流动进行数值模拟之后,就入口流率、松弛时间以及零剪切黏度等物性和工艺参数对挤出胀大、速度分布、口模压降和熔体外表面上剪切速率的影响进行了数值模拟和分析。分析表明:气辅挤出是克服超高分子量聚乙烯传统挤出时面临一系列困难的有效加工方式。     

异型材挤出模头压力降的数值计算

介绍了一种基于横截面法的异型材挤出成型中熔体在模头内流动压力降的数值计算方法，可用于预测截面复杂的异型材挤出模头的压力降：并通过算例说明了数值计算结果的可靠性和用途。     

棒形聚合物型材挤出口模的逆向数值设计及流动分析

采用Polyflow软件对棒形型材挤出口模进行逆向数值设计,获得其挤出口模的构型和尺寸,计算出聚合物熔体在口模内速度分布和挤出胀大.结果表明:逆向数值设计是挤出口模设计的有效手段,可以大大减少试模和修模的次数,从而提高生产效率,节约生产成本.     

聚合物熔体在异型材三维动态挤出口模内的停留时间分布

利用ANSYS软件对受口模入口处周期性振动的压力驱动的聚合物熔体在“Y”形和“L”形异型材挤出口模内的停留时间分布进行了数值模拟。设熔体流动为三维等温广义牛顿幂律流动，在求得速度场后，应用路线示踪法跟踪流场中任一粒子的流动轨迹，进而求得熔体在口模中的停留时间分布。通过改变振动参数再重复计算，总结出振动参数对停留时间分布的影响规律。结果表明：压力的振动能有效地缩短熔体在口模内的停留时间，振幅和频率越高则停留时间越短，而且在靠近口模流道壁面处停留时间的缩短最明显，表明振动的引入可以降低壁面附近的流动阻力，使截面上的流速更平稳，从而改善挤出制品的表观质量。     

塑料异型材挤出口模设计的数值模拟概述

从挤出口模设计原则出发,综述了数值模拟技术在塑料异型材口模流道的曲面构型,入口角和压缩比、降低或消除挤出胀大和挤出口模成型段的设计、熔体流动平衡和压力降的研究进展,以及口模设计的发展趋势.     

聚合物双腔微管直角挤出模具非对称流动平衡设计方法

针对聚合物双腔微管直角挤出模具非对称流道结构,基于聚合物流动平衡原理,建立了直角挤出模具非对称流道结构参数关系。在直角挤出模具的挤出成型方向上,采用反向流道的方法计算流道长度,并对反向流道的终点进行拟合,基于拟合偏差构建了目标函数,对模具非对称流道结构进行了优化设计。根据优化结果设计制造了双腔微管直角挤出模具,并且进行了挤出成型实验。实验结果表明挤出模具非对称流道设计是合理的,证明了聚合物双腔微管直角挤出模具非对称流动平衡设计方法的正确性和有效性。     

塑料异型材挤出口模设计

主要对塑料熔体在圆环形口模及扁形口模中的流动机理进行分析，给出了由圆环口模及扁口模组成的口模的长度设计方法。     

塑料异型材口模构型要素对挤出形变的影响

塑料异型材的挤出胀大及其引起的不规则挤出形变,是异型材挤出制品尺寸控制的难点所在。针对此类问题,采用有限元方法研究了典型异型材口模构型要素如T型口模分支立臂位置、90°夹角L型口模过渡区域转角、L型口模两臂夹角等对挤出形变和模流平衡的影响。结果表明,随T型口模分支立臂由挤出中心位置向右偏移,挤出后的型材挤出中心位置发生偏移,立臂顶端向右上变形,从而使得挤出形变加剧,需要在模具设计时将立臂顶端向挤出中心方向进行补偿。在90°夹角L型口模内外转角处设置过渡圆角,有助于模具出口处的模流平衡。L型异型材两臂夹角在挤出后变大,且初始设计夹角为60°和90°时变化较大,需要根据相关实验找出其初始设计夹角与挤出后的实际夹角对应关系,以便在模具设计过程中进行参照。上述研究结果对逆向挤出问题的求解、异型材挤出模具的设计和口模构型的确定有着一定的参考意义。     

A die rotating system for moderations of extrusion load and pressure drop profiles for molten PP and wood/polypropylene composites in extrusion processes

A die‐rotating system was proposed in this work for moderations of extrusion forces and entrance pressure drop for molten polypropylene (PP) and wood/polypropylene (WPP) composites in a capillary rheometer and a single screw extruder. The effects of processing conditions and wood loading in PP were of our interests. The extrusion force and entrance pressure drop with and without the die rotating system were monitored in real‐time. This was the first time that the die‐rotating system was used for processing of highly viscous wood/polymer composite materials. It was found that the flow properties of the molten PP and WPP composites obeyed pseudoplastic non‐Newtonian behavior. The behavior was more obvious at wood contents of above 6 wt % and in the capillary rheometer. The rotation of the die could moderate the extrusion load by 60% and entrance pressure drop by 20% in the capillary rheometer, and the entrance pressure drop by 30% in the single screw extruder, especially at the conditions where the viscosities of the WPP and the extrusion rate were high. Greater fluctuations in entrance pressure drop caused by die rotation were observed in the single screw extruder. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120:1006–1016, 2011     

塑料板材挤出模具模唇长度设计

分析塑料熔体在板模机头中的流动状况，并给出板模机头磨唇设计方法。     

Improving rheological property of polymer melt via low frequency melt vibration

A pulse pressure was superimposed on the melt flow in extrusion, called vibration extrusion. A die (L/D = 17.5) was attached to this device to study the rheological properties of an amorphous polymer (ABS) and semicrystalline polymer (PP, HDPE), prepared in the vibration field, and the conventional extrusion were studied for comparison. Results show that the melt vibration technique is an effective processing tool for improving the polymer melt flow behavior for both crystalline and amorphous polymers. The enhanced melt rheological property is also explained in terms of shear thinning criteria. Increasing with vibration frequency, extruded at constant vibration pressure amplitude, the viscosity decreases sharply, and so does when increasing vibration pressure amplitude at a constant vibrational frequency. The effect of vibrational field on melt rheological behavior depends greatly on the melt temperature, and the great decrease in viscosity is obtained at low temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5292–5296, 2006     

圆环型材挤出模塑料熔体流量分析与结构设计

塑料熔体在挤出模中的流动状态分析是挤出模设计的基础。尽管塑料异型材的成型模具种类繁多、形状各异，但都可视为圆环和孔隙的组合。分析了模头流道结构和熔体在圆环型材挤出模中的流量，为环类型材挤出模设计提供了依据。     

塑料异型材挤出成型的流动平衡分析

介绍了一种基于横截面法和流动路径法混合的异型材挤出成型中熔体流动平衡的分析方法，可用于确定具有多个分支流道、截面复杂的异型材挤出模头出口处物料的平均流速，帮助设计者判断模头流道设计是否合理，且计算量较小，适于工程应用。     

Investigation of combination of finite element formulation and element type on the accuracy of 3D modeling of polymeric fluid flow in an extrusion die

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of finite element formulation and element type on the accuracy of 3D modeling of generalized Newtonian fluid flow in complex domains. Computer models based on three finite element solution schemes (mixed, continuous, and discrete penalty), and two element types (hexahedral and tetrahedral) in a 3D framework were developed. The well‐known Carreau model was used to reflect the rheological behavior of the fluid. To determine the validity of the developed computer simulations, the flow of two high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) melts with different viscosities through an extrusion die was simulated and compared with experimentally measured data. Comparison showed that the three methods produced nearly the same results with the hexahedral elements. However, continuous penalty method using tetrahedral elements demonstrated an extreme discrepancy from the experimental data. Discrete penalty method was unable to predict secondary variable (pressure) accurately using tetrahedral elements. The best results were obtained by the use of mixed method in conjunction with tetrahedral elements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011