静电纺丝聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维制备及其应用研究现状

聚丙烯腈是用于静电纺丝的主要高分子聚合物原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈基杂化复合纤维,或再经预氧化炭化制备纳米碳纤维的研究已取得了许多有意义的成果.为了对静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈基有机无机杂化复合微纳米纤维及其碳纤维更深入的了解,介绍了静电纺丝的相关基本原理和技术进展.对以聚丙烯腈为主要聚合物原料,添加或不添加其他有机...     

PAN基活性炭纳米纤维的制备及其对金的吸附研究

采用静电纺丝技术,制备了聚丙烯腈纳米纤维,并以聚丙烯腈纳米纤维为前驱体,制备了PAN基活性炭纳米纤维,并对PAN基活性炭纳米纤维吸附金的性能进行了初步研究,取得了令人满意的结果。     

天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈抗菌纳米纤维的制备与表征

为了拓展天然纤维素材料的应用,在综合国内外对天然纤维素材料、纳米材料和抗菌材料相关研究的基础上,首先,利用LiCl/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)溶剂体系配置了不同共混比例的天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术制备了纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。然后,用铜氨溶液对纳米纤维进行了抗菌处理,制备了具有一定抗菌功能的纤维集合体。最后,采用SEM观察不同共混比例下纳米纤维的微观形貌;采用TG和DSC表征其热性能;采用FTIR和表面接触角测量仪表征共混后纳米纤维的化学组成和亲水性的变化;采用振荡法测定纳米纤维的抗菌性能。结果表明:通过静电纺丝技术可制得直径在200~400nm范围内的纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。随着纤维素含量的提高,纳米纤维的表面越来越粗糙,粘连愈加严重,且直径离散度也变大。当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比大于75∶25时,纤维的直径标准偏差由纯聚丙烯腈纤维的100nm以下变为150nm以上。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维具有良好的热性能,与纯纤维素纳米纤维相比热稳定性有一定提高,当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比为25∶75时热稳定性最好。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的亲水性优于普通医用纱布的。经过铜氨溶液抗菌处理的纳米纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为82%和75%。     

静电纺丝法机理及其在无机中空微/纳米纤维制备中的研究进展

静电纺丝是一种简单、有效的生产微/纳米纤维的技术。中空微/纳米纤维的制备是近年静电纺丝法研究的三大突破之一。回顾了静电纺丝法历史沿革,简述了静电纺丝基本机理及纺丝过程中射流存在的几种不稳定性形式。重点介绍了该技术在制备无机中空微/纳米纤维上的最新研究成果,最后展望了其未来的发展方向。     

基于静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维的研究进展

中空纳米纤维具有独特的中空结构和较大的比表面积，在吸附、催化、电化学、医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。静电纺丝技术是制备中空纳米纤维的有效手段。随着静电纺丝工艺的不断成熟，利用静电纺丝大规模制备中空纳米纤维提上了日程。首先详细介绍了基于静电纺丝技术制备中空纳米纤维的原理和方法，探讨了现阶段基于静电纺丝技术大规模制备中空纳米纤维存在的问题以及研究现状，总结了中空纳米纤维的应用进展，最后指出了中空纳米纤维的发展方向，为推动中空纳米纤维的大规模制备及应用奠定基础。     

n-HA/PVA复合纳米纤维的静电纺丝制备

采用静电纺丝法制备了羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维。并用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析测试手段对所制得纳米纤维的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,静电纺丝的纤维中聚乙烯醇的结晶度明显降低,羟基磷灰石与聚乙烯醇为物理复合;复合纤维随着羟基磷灰石含量增加,直径增大且分布均匀性降低;羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇质量比为2/8时,复合纤维形貌较佳。说明静电纺丝法制备羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维是可行的。     

n-HA/PVA复合纳米纤维的静电纺丝制备EI北大核心CSCD

采用静电纺丝法制备了羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维。并用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析测试手段对所制得纳米纤维的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,静电纺丝的纤维中聚乙烯醇的结晶度明显降低,羟基磷灰石与聚乙烯醇为物理复合;复合纤维随着羟基磷灰石含量增加,直径增大且分布均匀性降低;羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇质量比为2/8时,复合纤维形貌较佳。说明静电纺丝法制备羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维是可行的。     

纳米荧光纤维防伪聚丙烯薄膜的制备与性能研究

利用静电纺丝技术与化学染色技术制备聚丙烯腈纳米荧光纤维,并将其应用于防伪聚丙烯薄膜的制备,系统研究聚丙烯腈纳米荧光纤维防伪聚丙烯薄膜的基本性能,分析其防伪效果与防伪力度,从而实现一线、二线防伪功能兼具,创造良好的经济与社会价值,为包装行业的整体发展起到推动作用。     

静电纺丝复合纳米纤维研究进展

静电纺丝是一种利用聚合物溶液或熔体在强电场中进行喷射纺丝的加工技术,是获得纳米尺寸纤维的有效方法之一。然而单一组分的纳米纤维已经难以满足应用的需求,而采用两种或两种以上的聚合物(或聚合物/填料颗粒)进行静电纺丝得到的复合纳米纤维逐渐受到了人们的关注。文中总结了由静电纺丝技术制备的复合纳米纤维及其性能等方面的研究进展。主要包括复合物/碳复合纳米纤维、聚合物/金属复合纳米纤维、聚合物/粘土复合纳米纤维、共混物复合纳米纤维、装饰型复合纳米纤维等。     

聚丙烯腈基静电纺纳米碳纤维的制备及拉伸强度测定

采用DMSO/H2O混合溶剂法制备两种不同分子量聚丙烯腈(PAN),将PAN配成纺丝液高压静电纺丝制备纳米纤维毡,然后预氧化和碳化;通过热重、红外光谱、电镜等分析手段对纤维毡、预氧化纤维毡和碳纤维毡进行表征,研究热处理过程中的PAN纳米纤维毡的失重情况、结构变化;采用电子万能试验机对不同纳米纤维束拉伸强度进行测量和分析,相关数据可为静电纺纳米碳纤维毡的制备应用提供方向参考和数据支持。     

Growth of carbon nanostructures on carbonized electrospun nanofibers with palladium nanoparticles

This paper studies the mechanism of the formation of carbon nanostructures on carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles by using different carbon sources. The carbon nanofibers with Pd nanoparticles were produced by carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers including Pd(Ac)(2). Such PAN-based carbon nanofibers were then used as substrates to grow hierarchical carbon nanostructures. Toluene, pyridine and chlorobenzine were employed as carbon sources for the carbon nanostructures. With the Pd nanoparticles embedded in the carbonized PAN nanofibers acting as catalysts, molecules of toluene, pyridine or chlorobenzine were decomposed into carbon species which were dissolved into the Pd nanoparticles and consequently grew into straight carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes or carbon nano-ribbons on the carbon nanofiber substrates. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to capture the mechanism of formation of Pd nanoparticles, regular carbon nanotubes, Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons. It was observed that the Y-shaped carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-ribbons were formed on carbonized PAN nanofibers containing Pd-nanoparticle catalyst, and the carbon sources played a crucial role in the formation of different hierarchical carbon nanostructures.     

The effect of embedded carbon nanotubes on the morphological evolution during the carbonization of poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibers

Hybrid nanofibers with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique and subsequently carbonized. The morphology of the fabricated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at different stages of the carbonization process was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The polycrystalline nature of the CNFs was shown, with increasing content of ordered crystalline regions having enhanced orientation with increasing content of MWCNTs. The results indicate that embedded MWCNTs in the PAN nanofibers nucleate the growth of carbon crystals during PAN carbonization.     

静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈基纳米炭纤维及其表面结构表征

通过稳定化、炭化静电纺制的聚丙烯腈(PAN)前驱体纤维制备了直径为100nm～300nm的纳米炭纤维.用扫描电镜(SEM)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、扫描隧道显微镜(STM)及扫描量热分析法(DSC)研究了纳米炭纤维及其前驱体纤维的形貌及结构.结果表明:纳米炭纤维及其前驱体纤维的直径表现为对数正态分布.静电纺制纤维的环化放热峰移向低温,表明静电纺制纤维可在较低的温度下引发环化.由于静电纺制纤维的粗糙表面及在热处理过程中的收缩行为,在纳米炭纤维表面形成了长度为10nm宽度为5nm的凹坑.     

Stretching-induced crystallinity and orientation to improve the mechanical properties of electrospun PAN nanocomposites

Polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers, embedded with single-walled carbon nanotubes have been prepared by the electrospinning technique. The as-spun nanofibers were hot-stretched in an oven to enhance the orientation and crystallinity which has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and DSC etc. With the hot-stretched process and the introduction of SWNTs, the mechanical properties of PAN nanofibers such as the modulus and tensile strength will be enhanced correspondingly. In addition, the electrical conductivities of the PAN/SWNTs nanofiber composites were also enhanced. It was concluded that the hot-stretched nanofibers and the PAN/SWNTs nanofiber composites can be used as a potential precursor to produce high-performance carbon nanocomposites.     

聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维在超级电容器电极材料中的应用研究进展

超级电容器是一种介于电池和传统物理电容器之间的新型环保储能器件,近年来得到了研究者的广泛关注。电极材料是超级电容器的核心部分,因此具有更高的研究价值。聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维因具有良好的静电纺丝性、较高的碳化产率、优异的纳米结构、超高的比表面积以及优良的导电性和稳定性,已经成为超级电容器电极材料的研究热点。本文主要介绍了聚丙烯腈基交联结构和多孔结构碳纳米纤维电极材料,元素掺杂电极材料以及与碳材料、导电聚合物、金属氧化物复合的电极材料,并对聚丙烯腈基碳纳米纤维电极材料未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

PAN/lignin and LaMnO3-derived hybrid nanofibers for self-standing high-performance energy storage electrode materials

Journal of Materials Science - We report the microstructure, electrical and electrochemical properties of hybrid nanofibers composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/lignin-derived carbon nanofibers and...     

A review: carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyacrylonitrile and their applications

Carbon nanofibers with diameters that fall into submicron and nanometer range have attracted growing attention in recent years due to their superior chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties in combination with their unique 1D nanostructures. Unlike catalytic synthesis, electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) followed by stabilization and carbonization has become a straightforward and convenient route to make continuous carbon nanofibers. This paper is a comprehensive and state-of-the-art review of the latest advances made in development and application of electrospun PAN-based carbon nanofibers. Our goal is to demonstrate an objective and overall picture of current research work on both functional carbon nanofibers and high-strength carbon nanofibers from the viewpoint of a materials scientist. Strategies to make a variety of carbon nanofibrous materials for energy conversion and storage, catalysis, sensor, adsorption/separation, and biomedical applications as well as attempts to achieve high-strength carbon nanofibers are addressed.     

Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticulate-polyacrylonitrile composite and porous nanofibers

In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite nanofibers containing different amounts of silica nanoparticulates have been obtained via electrospinning. The surface morphology, thermal properties and crystal structure of PAN/silica nanofibers are characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the addition of silica nanoparticulates affects the structure and properties of the nanofibers. In addition to PAN/silica composite nanofibers, porous PAN nanofibers have been prepared by selective removal of the silica component from PAN/silica composite nanofibers using hydrofluoric (HF) acid. ATR-FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments validate the removal of silica nanoparticulates by HF acid, whereas SEM and TEM results reveal that the porous nanofibers obtained from composite fibers with higher silica contents exhibited more nonuniform surface morphology. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of porous PAN nanofibers made from PAN/silica (5?wt%) composite precursors is higher than that of pure nonporous PAN nanofibers.