争取更多国际金融组织贷款促进新时期水利发展

通过对以往水利利用外资工作的回顾和对“十一五”水利利用外资环境的分析，提出了可以将利用国际金融组织贷款作为破解“十一五”水利建设较高的投资需求和投资下降的难题的设想，并从规划编制、部门协调、做好前期工作、落实配套资金和加强项目管理等方面提出了加强和完善水利利用外资工作的建议。     

水利行业利用外资的现状及展望

水利行业在80年代初开始了利用外资的探索,并通过十多年的努力,利用外资的渠道和方式也越来越多,积累了一些成功经验,但也存在一些问题。本文针对我国水利行业利用外资的现状、存在的问题和对策及前景,进行一些探讨。 一、我国水利行业利用外资的来源 水利行业是个以社会性、公益性建设项目为主体的行业,在使用外资上,与其它行业部门有着明显的区别。我国水利行业利用外资主要以国际金融组织优惠贷款和外国政府优惠贷款为主,利用了一部分其它多边机构的赠款和优惠贷款,     

加入WTO对水利利用外资结构的影响

通过对水利利用外资现状的分析，阐述了加入WTO对水利利用外资结构的影响。水利利用外资的主要来源是世行贷款，主要安排的项目是防洪、灌溉等以社会效益为主的甲类项目。加入WTO对水利利用外资结构的影响有：①有利于促进水利利用外资方式及范围的多元化；②水利利用外资区域迅速扩大；③有利于提高水利行业利用民间投资和外资的深度和广度。为克服一些外资投资的不良影响，必须优化水利利用外资结构，可采取以下措施：①加大世行及其他国际金融组织贷款的力度；②加大水利利用外资的市场机制运作，规范政策指导；③根据水利产业的投资偏好，选择具体的外资投资主体。水利利用外资应建立在充分利用内资的基础之上，将外资投向建设资金短缺的中西部地区和经济效益明显的水利项目上去。加入WTO后，水利行业应以灵活的策略加快对外资流向的引导，真正实现外资在经济活动中的示范效应。     

我国水利利用外资工作的成效与经验

我国水利利用外资经历了从无到有、从小到大、从单一接受国外无偿援助到利用国际金融机构、外国政府贷款和出口信贷的过程。利用外资促进了水利项目管理体制改革,引进了国外先进的技术和设备,培养了技术人才,锻炼了施工队伍。分析总结我国水利利用外资的经验,可为进一步拓展水利外资工作提供借鉴和参考。     

浅析亚行贷款福建乡村供水项目的特点及设计

亚行贷款福建水土保持与乡村发展二期乡村供水项目通过利用国际金融组织资金开发中小型供水项目，以改善农村人口饮水困难，促进农村经济可持续发展，该文通过分析亚行贷款的特点，结合福建省乡村供水现状，阐述利用外资综合性项目的设计方法，并从项目实现的目标，技术经济审查，项目实施和管理三方面提出项目设计要点，为水利项目利用外资提供参考，特别是对乡村供水项目有一定的指导意义。     

山东水利对外经济合作工作现状与建议

为全面了解掌握我省水利系统和水利行业利用外资及对外开展经济合作情况，进一步加强水利系统对外经济工作的宏观管理，及时总结经验，更好地做好水利外经工作，为我省水利基础设施和基础产业服务。我们对全省水利系统和水利行业改革开放以来利用外资和开展对外经济合作情...     

山东省水利系统利用外资工作存在的问题及对策

在改革开放的新形势下,尤其是在我国国民经济进入结构调整时期,国家扩大内需加大对水利投资建设的大好机遇下,山东水利如何积极做好利用外资工作,加强利用外资项目的管理,使其取得预期效果,是当前和今后山东省水利建设时期的一项重要工作。 1 山东省水利利用外资的现状 改革开放以来,山东省水利行业在     

利用外资 引进技术 开发西北水资源

争取外援,利用外资,对解决西北地区水利投资不足、发展灌溉农业、扶持干旱地区农牧民摆脱贫困是非常必要的。近年来,西北各省区在这方面都做了不少工作,如甘肃省为加快沿黄灌区的水利设施建设,从1982年以来,共利用外资1.3亿美元,得到无偿外援6623.66万美元。作者详细介绍了西北一些省区利用外资的情况后,又着重指出了今后利用外资工作中应注意的一些问题。     

"十一五"湖北水利利用外资思路探讨

“十五”期间,湖北省水利行业利用外资工作取得很大成效,但当前仍然存在很多问题。根据水利建设对外资的需求,提出“十一五”湖北省水利利用外资的思路、重点领域、保障措施和优先争取的主要项目。     

山东利用外资发展水利的探索思考

水是人类生存的生命线,水资源是我国经济社会发展的重要战略资源和可持续发展的极其重要的保证.以水资源的可持续利用来支撑经济社会的全面、协调、可持续发展,是水利工作的总体目标.在水利利用外资项目工作中,如何树立科学发展观,以科学发展观指导水利利用外资工作的健康发展,在水资源紧缺的山东有其十分现实的意义.     

经济发展方式加快转变对水土保持工作的新要求

通过对经济发展方式转变的基本概念和水土保持工作适应经济发展方式转变的要求分析,提出了水土保持工作推进经济发展方式加快转变的思路,即外需拉动型发展向内需主导型发展转变,对外投资型向内需投资型发展转变,资源消耗型发展向资源节约型和环境友好型发展转变,倾斜型发展向均衡型发展战略转变,粗放型发展方式向集约型发展方式转变,技术引进型发展向技术创新型发展转变,投资拉动型增长向居民拉动型增长转变。     

Water Quality Programs In Developing Countries

Abstract

In many developing countries water quality has become the principal limiting factor to water availability. Estimates of future levels of water pollution in many parts of the world under “business as usual” scenarios will be catastrophic for public health, the environment, and national economies in many countries that have limited resources to deal with a contaminated resource. The reality in many developing countries is that political and institutional instability, combined with financial restraint, and poor domestic scientific capacity, means that “western” approaches to water quality management are often inappropriate and unsustainable. Traditional models of technical assistance and technology transfer, including foreign aid and international loans for water quality management, often leave little real change in domestic capacity while generating substantial cash flow for the foreign company. Without a major change in how water quality is managed, including adoption of new paradigms of policy effectiveness, institutional and technical modernization, new methods of knowledge and technology transfer, and innovative investment, the situation can only become more and more serious until the final collapse of major freshwater and coastal ecosystems, and associated economic and public health implications. This paper addresses these various technical, policy, institutional, and financing issues and proposes actions which can lead to sustainability and self-reliance     

Foreign Aid and Institutional Plurality: The Domestic Water Sector in Nepal

This paper discusses the role of foreign aid in the evolution of the domestic water sector in Nepal. Through the case study of the domestic water sector, the paper examines how the prioritization of sectors for investment as well as implementation modalities within sectors in Nepal is influenced by development discourses in the international arena. The creation of the Department of Drinking Water and Sewerage during the early 1970s, its rapid expansion during the 1980s and contestation regarding its role in the domestic water sector in the 1990s are traced to the dominant discourses of the times.     

Hungarian Experiences with Public Participation in Water Management

Abstract

The paper reviews the experience of public participation in water management decisions since the political transition in Hungary. Ongoing practices of public participation are examined through the critical analysis of three cases: (i) the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros dam project which has been known as the source of Europe's longest and most complex transboundary environmental conflict; (ii) the development of water quality legislation by the national government; and (iii) an integrated land use planning project in the region of the Szentendrei-island. Based on the above cases, factors promoting and hindering effective public participation are identified. Key promoting factors include the activity and professionalism of civil society organizations, the financial support provided by international funding agencies and other foreign sponsors, the methodological support provided by professional organizations, and the social learning process taking place in the society. Factors hindering effective public participation include the resistance to public participation on the part of several public officials and planners, the lack of methodological knowledge to manage public participation procedures effectively, the lack of interest and passivity on the part of the public, the lack of trust between various stakeholders, and some recent negative trends in the development of civil society. It is concluded that although the existence of a legal framework, which allows for the possibility of public involvement, is a necessary precondition for comprehensive public participation, but it must be supplemented by other elements that facilitate public participation.     

我国利用外资大型水利水电工程建设管理的改革

通过利用外资的大型水利水电工程的实例，说明中国大型国际工程建设管理体制的演变过程。从几项已建工程和在建工程的经验教训出发， 论述了成功进行建设项目管理的一些通行做法和要求。     

Capacity Building in Mexico

An analysis of water quality and quantity in Mexico is presented. The tasks of the National Water Commission, the nation's water authority, are described. Advances in the planning of the Capacity Building Project are presented in three aspects: human resource formation, strengthening of institutional and community participation, and the adoption of an adequate environmental policy. The projects listed were selected by specialists from universities, NGOs, public, social and private institutions, and international and financial organisms in five areas: urban and rural drinking water and sanitation systems; environmental impact and water quality; integral planning and management of hydraulic resources; and hydroagricultural development and hydrometeorology.     

Successes and Failures of International Organizations in Dealing with International Waters

Conflict among riparian countries prevents them from making the best use of their shared water resources. A modality is needed in the global community to deal with international water bodies in a much better way. International organizations are expected to serve as a mechanism to mitigate conflicts among riparian countries. However, international organizations have so far achieved very limited success in acting in such a role. An international organization could act flawlessly as a mediator in a transboundary water system only when some critical conditions are met. This paper aims at delineating some prerequisites for international organizations to be successful in their involvement in an international water system. Four cases where international organizationshave either succeeded or failed in dealing with transboundary water issues, were reviewed. It was found that the following critical conditions need to be met for international organizations to succeed in their involvement in international water bodies: (a) willingness of riparian countries to cooperate, (b) involvement of decision makers at the highest level of basin countries, and (c) neutrality as a third party with financial assistance as 'stick and carrot'.