共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 515 毫秒
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赵瑛 《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2010,8(6):1-5,10
综述了含能材料在新型原材料、原材料合成、制造工艺等方面的绿色化成果及进展。绿色新型原材料主要包括高能量密度材料、含能热塑性弹性体、无毒催化剂等;绿色合成工艺主要包括N2O5绿色硝化工艺、绿色溶剂超临界CO2的使用及生物合成工艺;绿色制造工艺主要包括火炸药相关领域的制作工艺如双螺杆挤出成型技术、可重复利用的压装炸药技术和可降解的塑料黏结炸药(PBX)技术等。评述了绿色含能材料的发展方向和前景。 相似文献
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概述了近期国内外TATB合成研究中,采用三取代苯为前驱体合成、VNS直接胺化合成和利用报废火药合成3类合成方法的研究进展。结合TATB合成过程中硝化、胺化反应机理,探讨前驱体结构、胺化试剂等对制备条件的影响,并对合成方法进行了综合评价。 相似文献
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Dietmar Mueller 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》1999,24(3):176-181
A new propellant was designed with CL-20 as main energetic component, Force 1253 J/g and Combustion Temperature <3700 K. The mean mol. weight of reaction gases is 24.8 g/mol for this propellant type. The processing problems, continuous twin-screw extruder process or batch process, will be discussed for 7- or multi-perforated high energetic gun propellants especially using CL-20 as energetic solid. The safety tests, friction/impact sensitivity and chemical stability will be considered. The burning characteristics of the new gun propellant in the closed vessel at −40°C, +21°C and +50°C is explained. The CL-20 propellant will be compared with the JA 2 propellant. Test firing in a gun simulator, cal. 40 mm, shows the performance of the CL-20 propellant compared with the RDX formulation. The temperature coefficient of these propellants is pointed out. The result is a safe processed CL-20 propellant with high performance which can be used for further gun firing tests. 相似文献
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呋咱类化合物因能量密度高、综合性能好、可作为炸药和推进剂等广泛应用于军事领域.3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF)作为重要的前体化合物,其大规模合成为呋咱类高能量密度衍生物的应用奠定了基础.本文首先介绍了DAF的合成工艺及其氧化机理,并综述了以其为中间体得到的氧化物、大环、长链和稠环化合物的国内外合成方法及性能,表明呋咱类化合物爆轰性能优良,具有潜在应用前景;但是,不少硝基取代或多呋咱环衍生物存在安定性差、感度高的缺点.据此,提出设计合成新型钝感高能呋咱衍生物是解决上述不足的有效方法;DAF的合成工艺研究及增大呋咱类化合物开发力度是未来的发展重点. 相似文献
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针对国内外火工品、炸药、发射药、推进剂增材制造技术,按照增材制造的技术特点和应用方向,综述了国内外增材制造技术在火炸药成型中的研究现状。概述了材料喷射成型(Material jetting)、材料挤出成型(Material extruding)、光聚合固化技术(Vat photopolymerization)的成型原理、工艺特点及在火炸药成型中的应用情况,介绍了各类增材制造技术中火炸药的物料特性,并对火炸药增材制造技术发展方向进行了预测。指出火炸药增材制造应按照火炸药的应用背景,对增材制造火炸药配方(即耗材)的能量特性、力学特性、能量释放特性及工艺适配性等进行系统研究,以满足不同应用背景的发展需求。附参考文献97篇。 相似文献
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Due to the reduction of armament and especially due to the German reunification we are met by the objective of the disposal of energetic materials. Environmentally friendly disposal methods available for the different propellants, explosives and pyrotechnics are urgently needed. The main component of gun and rocket propellants is the energetic polymer nitrocellulose. One method to dispose nitrocellulose containing propellants is the combination of rapid chemical destruction by pressure hydrolysis and the biological degradation of the reaction mixture. The study describes the results of pressure hydrolysis of different gun and rocket propellants. Under alkaline conditions (propellant to NaOH ratio 2.3:1; reaction temperature 150 °C; pressure below 30 bar) biological degradable reaction products were formed. The main products in the liquid phase were simple mono- and dicarboxylic acids. Dependent on the reaction conditions 30–50 % of the nitrogen content of the propellants was transformed to nitrite and nitrate. The gaseous nitrogen containing products were N2 (16–46 %), N2O (2–23 %), NOx (0–5 %). Overall 40%–60% of the propellant nitrogen was transformed to gaseous products. In the solid residues a nitrogen content between 2 % and 9 % was found. The residues were mostly due to additives used in propellant manufacturing. In the case of nitrocellulose pressure hydrolysis below 30 bar and reaction temperature about 150 °C are sufficient. 相似文献
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《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2017,42(10):1179-1184
Perfusion explosives were prepared using foamed SF‐3 propellants, which were synthesized by a two‐stage batch foaming process with different saturation time in supercritical fluid CO2 as a foaming agent. The foamed SF‐3 propellants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Underwater detonation tests and test‐board detonation tests were carried out to investigate detonation performance of the prepared perfusion explosives. Results showed that more saturation time during the foaming process leads to more pores and cracks. Perfusion explosives prepared using foamed SF‐3 propellants exhibited much higher shock wave energy and stronger damage effectiveness than those using unfoamed SF‐3 propellants. Perfusion explosives prepared using foamed SF‐3 propellants with a saturation time of 2 h exhibited the highest shock wave energy and damage effectiveness, which decreased as the saturation time increased. 相似文献