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1.
《Inorganic chemistry communications》2001,4(1):9-11
The complex formation between large crown ethers – e.g. dibenzo-30-crown-10 – and Ag+ in propylene carbonate has been studied using potentiometric and calorimetric titrations. The values of the reaction enthalpies with larger crown ethers than 18-crown-6 especially with dibenzo-30-crown-10 indicate that more than six donor atoms are taking part in the interaction with the complexed cation. The values of the reaction entropies of the largest crown ethers examined indicate the high sterical requirements of the complex formation. Obviously large crown ethers are able to encapsulate the complexed cation. The effectiveness of the encapsulation however depends upon the ring size and flexibility of the crown ethers. 相似文献
2.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(6-7):931-950
ABSTRACT The effect of three water-soluble, unsubstituted crown ethers (15-crown-5 (15C5), 18-crown-6 (18C6) and 21-erown-7 (21C7) on the uptake of Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra cations by a sulfonic acid cation exchange resin, and on the extraction of the same cations by xylene solutions of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (HDNNS) from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions has been investigated. The crown ethers enhance the sorption of the larger cations by the ion exchange resin, thereby improving the resin selectivity over calcium, a result of a synergistic interaction between the crown ether and the ionic functional groups of the resin. Similarly, the extraction of the larger alkaline earth cations into. xylene by HDNNS is strongly synergized by the presence of the crown ethers in the aqueous phase. Promising results for intra-Group IIa cation separations have been obtained using each of the three crown ethers as the aqueous ligands and the sulfonic acid cation exchange resin. Even greater separation factors for the radium - calcium couple have been measured with the crown-ethers and HDNNS solutions in the solvent extraction mode. The application of the uptake and extraction results to the development of radium separation schemes it discussed and a possible flowchart for the determination of 226Ra/228Ra in natural waters is presented. 相似文献
3.
We present a density functional theory (DFT) based study on interaction of alkali metal cations (Li+ and Na+) with macrocyclic crown ethers of different ring sizes. The minimum energy structures, binding energies, and binding enthalpies of crown ether–cation complexes have been determined with a correlated hybrid density functional, namely Becke’s three-parameter functional, B3LYP using a split valence basis function, 6-311++G(d, p). Geometry optimizations for all the crown ether–cation complexes were carried out with several initial guess structures based on semi-empirical PM3 optimized results. For both metal ions, the calculated values of binding energy and binding enthalpy increase with the increase in size of the crown ether ring, i.e. with the increase in the number of donor oxygen atoms in crown ether. The calculated values of gas phase binding energy for lithium ions are always higher than those for sodium ions in the case of all macrocyclic crown ethers studied at present. The calculated values of binding enthalpy are in good agreement with the reported experimental data. 相似文献
4.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(12-13):1311-1324
Abstract Crown ethers in combination with organophilic cation exchangers synergize the extraction of certain metai ions from aqueous solutions, and their selectivity has been thought largely dependent on the correspondence between the crown other's cavity diameter and the metal ion diameter. This work focuses on two crown ethers, tert. -butylbenzo -15-crown-5 (tBB15C5). and tert, -butylcyclohexano 15-crown-5 (tBC15C5) each of which has a cavity diameter of 1.7 to 2.2 × 10?10 m. and their extraction of Mn2+ (ionic diameter 1.4 to 2.2 × 10?10 m) from aqueous nitrate solutions. The organophilic cation exchanger used was didodecylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (HDDNS). The data show no observable complexes of the manganese salt of HDDNS 相似文献
5.
The effect of some new crown ethers on the cation efflux and phase transition parameters of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
liposomes was studied. The effects were correlated with the lipophilicity of the crown ethers. The results indicate that the
presence of two crown ring structures in one crown ether molecule is a prerequisite for the increase of ion permeability of
liposomes. The effective crown ethers decrease the temperature, enthalpy and cooperativity of the gel-to-liquid crystalline
phase transition. The crown ethers increase membrane permeability for potassium and, to a lesser extent, for rubidium and
sodium. The ratio of permeability increase for potassium/rubidium significantly correlates with the lipophilicity of the crown
ethers. 相似文献
6.
Cinnamoyl chloride was covalently attached to the ends of Pluronic F‐127 chains. The molar ratio of cinnamoyl groups to Pluronic F‐127 of the cinnamoyl Pluronic F‐127 (Cin‐Plu) was calculated to be about 1:1 on a 1H NMR spectrum. The melting point (around 52 °C) of Cin‐Plu was somewhat less than that (around 55 °C) of Pluronic F‐127. Furthermore, the melting point of Cin‐Plu decreased to around 50 °C on UV irradiation. The micellization temperature of Pluronic F‐127 was around 15 °C and it was affected neither by the covalent attachment of cinnamoyl chloride nor the UV irradiation. On the other hand, Pluronic F‐127 solution (22% w/v) in distilled water became a gel at around 28 °C and Cin‐Plu solution (22% w/v) at around 39 °C. The elevation in the gelation temperature is possibly because the cinnamoyl group interferes with the intermolecular hydrophobic interaction of propylene oxide blocks, a main cause for the gelation. Cin‐Plu solution (22% w/v) which had been subjected to UV irradiation (365 nm, 400 W) for 3 h exhibited no gelation temperature but a gradual increase in viscosity when the solution temperature increased from 17 °C to 37 °C, possibly due to the coexistence of dimeric Cin‐Plu and monomeric Cin‐Plu. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
7.
Ahmed T. Mubarak 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers》2004,14(3):201-209
2-Acrylamidosulfamethazine (ASM) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy. Proton-monomeric ligand dissociation and metal-monomeric ligand stability constants of ASM with some metal ions were determined potentiometrically in 0.1 M KCl and 40% (v/v) ethanol–water mixture. In the presence of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, the dissociation and stability constants of ASM were determined in polymeric form (PASM). The influence of temperature on the dissociation of ASM and the stability constants of their complexes in monomeric and polymeric forms were precisely studied. The pKH value of PASM was found to be higher than ASM, which indicates that the vinyl group in the monomeric form decreases the electron density on nitrogen and hence reduces the N–H bond strength. The stability constants of the metal complexes in polymeric form are higher than those of the monomeric form. This reveals that the ligand in a polymeric form may be considered as a better complexing agent. 相似文献
8.
R. M. Issa A. Z. El-Sonbati A. A. El-Bindary H. M. Kera 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers》2003,13(4):269-283
Proton-monomeric ligand dissociation and metal-monomeric ligand stability constants of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid with several metal ions were determined potentiometrically in water and 0.1 M KCl. In the presence of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, the dissociation and stability constants of AMS were determined for the polymeric form (PAMS). The influence of temperature on the dissociation of AMS and the stability constants of their complexes in monomeric and polymeric forms were studied. The vinyl group in the monomeric form decreases the electron density and hence reduces the N–H bond strength (lower pKH
2 value). The stability constants of the metal complexes in the polymeric form (better complexing agent) are larger than those of the monomeric form. 相似文献
9.
Ashraf A. El-Bindary Adel Z. El-Sonbati Raafat M. Issa Hanan M. Kera 《Polymer Bulletin》2004,51(4):293-300
Summary 2-Acrylamidosulphamethoxazole (ASM) was synthesized and
characterized by elemental analyses, IR and
1H NMR spectra. Proton-monomeric
ligand dissociation and metal-monomeric ligand stability
constants of ASM with some metal ions were determined
potentiometrically in 0.1 M KCl and 40 % (vh) ethanol-water
mixture. In the presence of 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as
initiator, the dissociation and stability constants of ASM were
determined in polymeric form (PASM). The influence of
temperature on the dissociation of ASM and the stability
constants of their complexes in monomeric and polymeric forms
were precisely studied. The
pK2H value of
PASM was found to be higher than ASM, this means that the vinyl
group in the monomeric form decreases the electron density and
hence reduces the N-H bond strength. The stability constants of
the metal complexes in polymeric form are higher than those of
the monomeric form. This reveals that the ligand in a polymeric
form is considered as a better complexing agent. 相似文献
10.
Four novel Schiff‐type chitosan (CTS)‐crown ethers were synthesized through a reaction between ? NH2 in CTS or crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) and ? CHO in 4′‐formylbenzo‐crown ethers, and four secondary‐amino‐type CTS‐crown ethers were prepared through the reduced reaction of NaBH4, respectively. Their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis, solid‐state 13C‐NMR analysis, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The elemental analysis results showed that the percentage of nitrogen in all CTS‐crown ethers were lower than that of CTS or CCTS. From the FTIR data of CTS, CCTS, and CTS‐crown ethers I–VIII, we saw that the characteristic peaks of C?N, N? H, and Ar appeared and that the characteristic peaks of pyranoside in the chain of CTS or CCTS were not destroyed. The XRD spectra demonstrated that CTS‐crown ethers I–VIII gave lower crystallinities than CTS or CCTS, which indicated that these compounds were considerably more amorphous than CTS or CCTS. In the solid‐state 13C‐NMR spectra, all of these CTS‐crown ethers had a particular peak of aromatic at 128 or 129 ppm, and the greatest difference between Schiff‐type CTS‐crown ethers and secondary‐amino‐type CTS‐crown ethers was that the Schiff‐type CTS‐crown ethers had the particular peak of C?N, which disappeared in secondary‐type CTS‐crown ethers. All these facts confirmed that the structures of CTS‐crown ethers I–VIII were as expected. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2221–2225, 2003 相似文献
11.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(4):1013-1024
Abstract In order to take practical advantage of the size-selective cation-coordinating ability of the cyclic polyethers (crown ethers), experiments seeking a means of avoiding the problem of solubilizing a mineral-acid anion in a nonpolar organic diluent were performed. Mixtures of several known extractants and crown ethers were tried. Results presented indicate that organic soluble cation exchangers mixed in solution with crown ethers produce a synergistic extractant mixture that largely exhibits the size-selective properties expected of the crown ether. Data are presented for the extraction of macro concentrations of alkali metals by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid—dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 mixtures at a single pH, and at nonloading condition(σ metal cone < 0.04 M) as a function of pH, 2 to 6. In both cases potassium is synergized most strongly presumably because of its best fit to the crown ether cavity. Other data indicate, however, that the size-fit principle is not as consistent for all alkali metal ions and crown ethers as for potassium and dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6. Other effects such as competition for ion hydration and aqueous-phase distribution of the complex may have important effects that have not been elucidated. 相似文献
12.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(17-18):2607-2620
Abstract A batch analysis method has been developed for evaluation of metal salt sorption by crown ether polymers. Selectivity in competitive alkali-metal chloride sorption by a series of formaldehyde condensation polymers of dibenzocrown ethers is influenced by the relationship between the crown ether cavity size and metal ion diameter, as well as the degree of hydration of the metal salt. Effective and selective sorption of KCl from the other alkali-metal chlorides was obtained with a dibenzo-18-crown-6 resin. Excellent sorption selectivity for the monovalent metal chlorides was noted for competitive ion-pair sorption of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 by this resin. This resin was examined as a stationary phase for selective column separation of KCl from alkali-metal chlorides and of KCl and NaCl from alkali-metal and alkaline-earth chloride mixtures in 80% methanol—20% water. 相似文献
13.
Barbara Bartoś 《溶剂提取与离子交换》2013,31(2):261-269
Abstract The effect of 15‐crown‐5 and 18‐crown‐6 ethers on the uptake of alkaline earth cations by tunnel‐structure ion exchangers polyantimonic acid (PAA) and cryptomelane manganese dioxide (CMD) was examined. In the case of PAA, 15‐crown‐5 and especially 18‐crown‐6 strongly influence the uptake of Sr2+ vs Ba2+ and Ra2+. For separation of the Ra2+‐Ba2+ pair, the effect of the crown ethers is insignificant. In CMD a small difference in complex formation between crown ethers and Ba2+ and Ra2+ gives an increase of separation. This effect is observed especially in 15‐crown‐5 solutions. 相似文献
14.
Joseph Jagur-Grodzinski 《Israel journal of chemistry》1985,25(1):39-42
Proton affinity of various “crown” ethers is discussed. Equations are given for simultaneous calculation of the complexation and the dissociation constants from conductivity data. pKf in 1.2-dichloroethane is 8.6 and 8.3, respectively, for the cis-syn-cis and the cis-anti-cis isomers of dicyclohexyl-18-CR-6, the most basic among the investigated “crown” ethers. pKf = 8.2 for the mixture of these isomers in acetonitrile (AN). The effect of water on pKf of “crown” ethers in aprotic solvents is discussed. It is suggested that a monohydrate of the “oxonium-crown” rather than a “hydronium-crown” may be formed. The proton binding capacity of “crown” ethers may be applied for extraction of acids and in catalysis. Dicyclohexyl-24-CR-8 has been found to be an equally effective extractant for HNO3 as the Dicyclohexyl-18-CR-6. 相似文献
15.
C. Boelhouwer J. Th. Knegtel M. Tels 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1967,69(6):432-436
The monomeric and polymeric glycerides present in thermally polymerized linseed oils can be separated quantitatively by molecular distillation. Analysis of the fatty acids of monomeric and polymeric glycerides indicate the occurence of intra- and intermolecular condensations respectively. Whereas in the former reaction, leading to the formation of bicyclic, dimeric fatty acid groups within the orginal glycerides, no increase in the molecular weight of the oil takes place, in the latter one, characterized by an increase in the molecular weight, fatty acids of different glyceride molecules are involved. It is shown, however, that the overall increase in molecular weight is due to the dimeric glycerides which are formed by interesterification reactions between glyceride monomers containing dimeric fatty acid groups, the latter resulting from intramolecular condensation. 相似文献
16.
17.
Ahmed A. Al‐Sarawy 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2005,97(3):952-956
Proton–monomeric ligand dissociation and metal–monomeric ligand stability constants of vinylacetic acid (VA) with some metal ions were calculated potentiometrically in 0.1M KCl. Also, in the presence of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, the proton–polymeric ligand dissociation and metal–polymeric ligand stability constants were calculated. The effect of temperature on the dissociation of VA and the stability of its formed complexes were studied in monomeric and polymeric forms. The corresponding thermodynamic functions were derived and discussed. The dissociation process was nonspontaneous, endothermic, and entropically unfavorable. The formation of the metal complexes was found to be spontaneous, endothermic, and entropically favorable. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 952–956, 2005 相似文献
18.
Abraham Warshawsky 《大分子材料与工程》1982,109(1):171-196
The current trends in the synthesis of selective ion exchange polymers are presented in the order of functional polymers incorporating oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur ligands and also macrocyclic ligands. Chelating ion exchange polymers incorporating hydroxyoximes, aminophenols, polyethyleneimines, selective anion exchange resins incorporating pseudocrown ethers, or isothiourea groups and polymeric crown ethers are discussed in detail. 相似文献
19.
Hans Bock Holger Schdel T. T. Han Van Rüdiger Dienelt Matthias Gluth 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》1998,340(8):722-732
Interactions in Crystals. 136. Protonated Dipyridylamine Salts with Different Anions: Monomeric Tetraphenylborate as well as Bis(trifluormethylsulfonate), Dimeric Squarate and Polymeric Chloride Dihydrate Di(pyrid-2-yl)amine is monoprotonated by acetic, squaric as well as hydrochloric acid and diprotonated by trifluoromethylsulfonic acid. To explore the anion and hydrogen-bridge dependency of its salts, crystals of the monomeric tetraphenylborate, the dimeric squarate as well as the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonate) and the polymeric chloride hydrate have been grown and their structures determined: Separated by bulky tetraphenylborate anions, pyrid-2-yl(2′-pyridinium) amine cation contains an intramolecular hydrogen bridge N⊕H…︁N and is slightly folded. The squarate salt dimer exhibits additional bridges, N H…︁O⊖ and O H…︁O. The severely twisted di(2-pyridinium)amine dication is connected to its trifluormethylsulfonate counter anions by altogether three H-bridges, two N⊕H…︁O and one N H…︁O. The chloride dihydrate crystallizes in layers of 16-membered rings, formed from three Cl anions and five water molecules. The diversity of the hydrogen-bridge dominated salt structures is discussed based on comparison with selected literature examples and on PM3 calculations. 相似文献
20.
Summary
Copolystyrenes complexed with macrocyclic compounds through hydrogen bonding have been synthesized by the copolymerization
of styrene with the complex of 4-vinylbenzoic acid and crown ethers containing a 2,6-pyridyl moiety. The glass transition
temperatures of the copolymeric complexes are significantly lower than that of the simple copolymer, which shows that the
carboxylic acid groups in the polymer backbone do not intermolecularly dimerize. The UV absorption spectra of polymeric complexes
suggest that they have complex structures similar to that of the low-molecular-weight complexes of 4-ethylbenzoic acid and
the crown ethers.
Received: 31 March 1999/Accepted: 27 April 1999 相似文献