弱磁场强化零价铁去除废水中重金属离子试验研究

考察了弱磁场对零价铁去除铜冶炼废水中重金属离子的加速作用。结果表明,当稀贵车间废水初始p H为4.0~5.0,微米铁粉投加量为0.1~0.5 g/L时,预磁化和加磁均能加速零价铁对稀贵车间废水重金属离子的去除。在初始p H为4.0,微米铁粉投加量为1.0 g/L的条件下,对水淬车间高砷废水进行处理,结果发现,外加磁场对微米铁去除高砷废水中总砷仍有很强的促进作用。     

接触氧化法除铁锰滤柱反冲洗废水高效处理的实验研究

以西安某接触氧化法除铁除锰滤柱反冲洗废水为对象,进行了造粒流化床处理该废水的实验研究。结果表明,优化的工艺运行参数为:系统水流上升速度34 cm/min,当进水浊度700~2 000 NTU时,PAC和PAM投加量分别为~20、1.0~1.25 mg/L;当进水浊度2 000~3 000 NTU时,PAC和PAM投加量分别为30~40、1.0~1.25 mg/L。在此条件下,出水浊度可控制在10 NTU以下,Fe、Mn的质量浓度分别在2、0.5 mg/L以下、CODMn可控制2 mg/L以下。利用造粒流化床处理该废水是完全可行的,具有出水水质好、抗冲击负荷能力强、稳定性高的特点。     

电絮凝-流态化微电解耦合法处理铅锌冶炼废水中铅氟

采用"电絮凝-流态化微电解耦合法"技术处理铅锌冶炼废水,主要考察了pH、水力停留时间、铁炭投加量、电压、铁炭粒度等反应条件对废水中铅、氟离子去除率的影响,并对比了不同电极材料、不同电极数量和极板间距下的处理效果。研究结果表明,铝电极对铅锌冶炼废水具有更好的处理效果;在最佳工艺条件(考虑能耗成本),即采用四块铝电极、pH 4.0、水力停留时间30 min、铁炭投加量45 g、电压5 V、铁炭粒度20~27目时,电絮凝-流态化微电解耦合法对废水中各离子的去除效果最佳;处理实际铅锌冶炼废水时,铅去除率达到了99.9%,氟去除率达到了82.7%,各种离子残留浓度均低于污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)一级标准值。     

铜冶炼厂废水综合治理的工程实践

论述了冶炼废水治理的整体状况,介绍了铜冶炼废水污染物特征以及所采用的废水综合处理工艺和方法。结合某铜冶炼厂废水综合治理的工程实践对废水处理工艺、回用水控制指标、回用水使用情况进行了详细说明,以期为我国铜冶炼行业水资源综合利用提供参考。     

磁场生物流化床特性的研究

本文对含磁粉固定化细胞载体—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶粒子的液固、气液固流化床在均匀磁场中的流化特性进行了研究.测定了液固床的空隙率及气液固三相床的相含率,并获得了相应的关联式.本文同时研究了磁场流化床用于固定化细胞处理含酚废水,进行催化降解反应的应用效果.     

厌氧-好氧生物流化床耦合处理N,N-二甲基乙酰胺废水的研究

湿法生产腈纶会产生含N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)的废水,如果不加以处理会对环境造成危害。研究采用厌氧-好氧生物流化床耦合处理含DMAC模拟有机废水。废水中DMAC浓度为75.0 mg×L-1,化学需氧量(CODCr)浓度160.5mg×L-1,葡萄糖、氯化铵为外加碳源、氮源,在CODCr/NH_4~+-N￡2、水力停留时间(HRT)14.9 h条件下处理废水,结果表明:NH_4~+-N的去除效率在CODCr/NH_4~+-N值为1时最高,达到81.9%;DMAC的去除效率随着CODCr/NH_4~+-N值降低而降低,在CODCr/NH_4~+-N值为2时,去除效率达到81.2%,在CODCr/NH_4~+-N降到0.5时,DMAC去除效率只有31.3%。当DMAC作为单一底物时,厌氧-好氧生物流化床耦合处理工艺对浓度为100.0 mg×L-1的DMAC废水去除效果较好,最高去除效率达到85.2%,出水水质达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4287-2012)的直接排放标准。     

磁场流化床在生化工程中的应用

磁场流化床（Magnetically Fluidized Bed,以下简称MFB）是将磁场引入普通流化床,采用磁敏性颗粒为床层介质的流固相处理,MFB利用磁场调节颗粒和流体的运动,使流化床具有更宽的操作范围和适应性,其中,在一定磁场和流动条件下形成的磁稳定流化床（Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed,以下简称MSFB）更是瘘有固定床的流固接触特性和流化床的压降低,传热传质效率高的优点,操作范围较普通流化床变宽,磁场流化床在生化工程领域已经地固穹生物反应器,发酵液固液分离,连续亲合色谱,细胸分离,以及植物细胞和酵母细胞培养等过程,本文介绍了磁场流化床的基本原理和特性及其在生化工程中的应用情况,并分析了该技术进一步应用所面临的困难和发展前景。     

锌冶炼中间废水中锌铁离子含量测定、去除及机理研究

由于广西的有色金属冶炼行业较为发达,而在冶炼过程中,中间废水的处理是矿业废水中较为重要的环节。本文针对锌冶炼厂中间生产废水中Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)的分散特性,利用化学沉淀法去除该废水中的总铁离子,保留少量Zn~(2+),达到废水回用目的。实验结果表明,利用EDTA滴定法可以准确测得废水中Zn~(2+)与总铁离子的浓度。通过H_2O_2充分氧化废水后调节废水混合溶液pH,可以有效去除溶液中Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)离子,铁离子的去除率达到99.9%,可有效实现锌冶炼生产中间废水的回用。     

我国吸附法处理含氟废水研究进展

在我国钢铁冶炼、煤化工、电镀等行业,氟化物作为不可或缺的生产原料应用量巨大,同时往往伴随产生大量含氟废水.近几年,国家、行业、省市地方、地区环保局等针对含氟废水相继出台并施行了严格的排放标准,要求各企业建立独立完善的含氟废水处理技术.吸附技术作为一种有效的离子交换或表面化学反应过程,是目前除氟技术中最为成熟和常用的技术...     

磁性催化剂反应器耦合磁分离装置

反应磁分离耦合装置兼具化学反应和流固相分离的功能,有助于提高反应效率、降低分离能耗、缩短工艺流程和避免催化剂磨损流失。综述近年来反应磁分离耦合装置的研究进展,流化态耦合磁分离装置包括磁稳流化床反应器和流化床耦合旋流磁分离装置,悬浮态耦合磁分离装置包括磁分离耦合悬浮态光催化反应器和釜式反应器耦合磁分离装置。指出磁性催化剂反应器和磁分离耦合装置应用中需要解决的关键问题是:规范生产适用于磁性催化剂反应器耦合磁分离装置的磁性催化剂以及构建磁性催化剂反应器耦合磁分离装置过程中必须引入磁场发生器。     

A typical application of magnetic field inwastewater treatment with fluidized bed biofilm reactor

The effects of a magnetic field on wastewater treatment with a fluidized bed biofilm reactor was investigated. With glucose being the sole carbon source, the activated sludge obtained from a real wastewater treatment plant was used as a seed. Magnetically loaded polystyrene beads at the size of 500-595 w m were used as support materials for biofilm formation in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor. Magnetic field application allowed the operation of the column at high liquid flow rates, thus external diffusion limitations on the biofilm surface were lowered and the efficiency of biodegradation was increased. Denser, thinner, and more active biofilm was obtained with magnetic field application, especially in pulsed form. As expected, the system performance changed with operational parameters, and the increase in substrate removal reached up to 26% with pulsed application of a 17.8 mT DC-magnetic field under optimum conditions.     

A TYPICAL APPLICATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD INWASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH FLUIDIZED BED BIOFILM REACTOR

The effects of a magnetic field on wastewater treatment with a fluidized bed biofilm reactor was investigated. With glucose being the sole carbon source, the activated sludge obtained from a real wastewater treatment plant was used as a seed. Magnetically loaded polystyrene beads at the size of 500-595 μm were used as support materials for biofilm formation in a fluidized bed biofilm reactor. Magnetic field application allowed the operation of the column at high liquid flow rates, thus external diffusion limitations on the biofilm surface were lowered and the efficiency of biodegradation was increased. Denser, thinner, and more active biofilm was obtained with magnetic field application, especially in pulsed form. As expected, the system performance changed with operational parameters, and the increase in substrate removal reached up to 26% with pulsed application of a 17.8 mT DC-magnetic field under optimum conditions.     

深层滤床反冲洗技术及其油田水处理领域应用进展

深层滤床过滤作为油田污水高效处理最重要的环节之一,滤床稳定运行的关键在于有效反冲洗。随着含油废水中聚合物浓度不断增大,聚合物吸附和滞留于滤床内,与滤料颗粒相互黏结,滤床反冲洗不彻底,导致滤床板结、过滤效率降低甚至作用失效。为了解决这一问题,本文介绍了重力作用下滤料反冲洗再生原理,回顾了单独水反冲洗技术、气水联合反冲洗技术及其加载场强化水力反冲洗技术,提出了一种颗粒滤床复合场反冲洗的新方法,将旋流场加载于滤床重力场的水力反冲洗过程,可以突破重力作用下滤料反冲洗再生效率低的技术瓶颈,丰富和发展了滤床水力反冲洗理论,为油田颗粒滤床反冲洗再生开辟新途径。     

Hydrodynamic behaviour of a magneto airlift column in a transverse magnetic field

The hydrodynamics of a three‐phase airlift reactor of magnetic particles has been investigated in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. Experiments were carried out in two modes: applying the magnetic field to a static bed then increasing the field flow, and applying the magnetic field to a fluidized bed then increasing the magnetic field intensity. In magnetizing the first mode and parallel to the increasing gas superficial velocity, several bed regimes were observed, including: initial packed, stabilized, and fluidized beds. On the other hand, in magnetizing last mode and while increasing the magnetic field intensity, the fluidized bed changes from a fluidized to a stabilized to frozen bed. Bed expansion before the onset of fluidization increases as the magnetic field intensity increases. Minimum fluidization velocity was found to be strongly dependent on the magnetic field intensity and the minimum stabilization intensity was also strongly dependent on the gas velocity. The magnetic field intensity also affects the bed expansion hysteresis and the liquid circulation velocity. A photocell was used to measure the water circulation rate in the downcomer of the reactor.     

磁流化床稳定性分析

应用Foscolo的颗粒床模型分析了磁流化床稳定性,得到了磁流化床的稳定判据;根据得到的判据分别对层流和湍流情况分析了磁场对磁流化床稳定性的影响。     

新型流化床内流体重构的流体力学特性变化及其数值模拟

针对前期研究开发的新型三重环流与多重环流流化床,构建气液两相流的二维数值模型,分析微观流场、液体运动速度和气相含率,剖析环流数对流化床流体力学特性的影响和对内循环过程的改善,寻找反应器运行过程节能的结构与优化的操作条件。通过数值模拟发现:基于单重环流,多重环流作用主要改变流体在上升区和下降区之间的相互混合和交汇,增大环流数可缩短流体运动的循环路程和时间,有利于加强相际之间的混合,但床内整体流态仍接近推流,微循环的存在所占比例较小;多重环流流化床的流体力学性能优于三重环流,随着环流次数的增多,液速在径向和轴向上分布更均匀,气泡逆流进入下降区,有利于反应器整体氧传质效率的提高。通过流化床结构改变实现的流体重构支持流体力学性能的改善,是高负荷有机废水好氧生物处理期待选择的开发方向。     

Removal and recovery of fluoride from wastewater by crystallization: effect of aluminum

The effect of aluminum on the treatment of fluorine-containing synthetic wastewater by crystallization was investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for fluoride removal were found at pH 7.2–10.5, and at an aluminum concentration of 80–700 mg/L. During operation of the fluidized bed reactor, the effluent fluoride concentration was 13–25 mg/L at an influent aluminum concentration of 80–150 mg/L. The recovered pellets matched well with the national standard of fluorspar in China (GB19321-88). It was feasible to recover calcium fluoride from fluorine and aluminum-containing wastewater by crystallization.     

横向旋转磁场对液固流化床中铁磁颗粒成链旋转的影响

<正>朱庆山研究表明,把铁颗粒添加到粘性粉体中,在轴向磁场的作用下,铁颗粒能够成链.Penchev和Hristov研究了横向磁场中铁磁颗粒流态化后,指出横向磁场流态化的一个主要特征也是磁链流态化.不过,这些研究只注重磁场流态化的一些本征特征,没有考虑通过磁场的变化改变磁链长度和磁链运动的方式,进而改善流化的质量.可以设想,如果这样的磁链放在横向均匀旋转磁场中使其自旋,那么自旋的颗粒链就能够对流化的颗粒起到搅拌和混合的作用,因而能够提高流态化的质量.     

Fluidization characteristics of aerogel Co/Al2O3 catalyst in a magnetic fluidized bed and its application to CH4-CO2 reforming

The fluidization characteristics of a nanoparticle catalyst were investigated in a fluidized bed assisted with an axial magnetic field. It showed that slugging and channeling, commonly observed when processing nanoparticles via conventional fluidized bed reactors, could be effectively eliminated, and the size of the agglomerates and bubble diameter could also be reduced with the aid of the magnetic field, leading to much improved gas-solid contact efficiency. Due to the improved gas-solid contact efficiency, the performance of the CH₄-CO₂ catalytic reforming has been significantly enhanced, where the initial conversion of CH₄ was 7.6% and 24.3% higher than those obtained in a conventional fluidized bed reactor and a fixed bed reactor. The catalytic deactivation, caused by carbon deposition on catalyst surfaces, is also slower in the magnetic fluidized bed operation, where the CH₄ conversion is 11.7% and 42.6% greater as compared with those in the conventional fluidized bed operation and the fixed bed operation. The present investigations demonstrated that carbon deposition can be much suppressed through improving the gas-solid contact efficiency with the assistance of the magnetic field.