2,5-二甲基呋喃掺燃柴油发动机油的研制

针对发动机以2,5-二甲基呋喃为燃料的工况,从发动机自身运行特点和2,5-二甲基呋喃燃烧对发动机运行的影响出发。通过对基础油与添加剂进行筛选评价,选用了天然气合成油与油溶性聚醚复合使用作为基础油;同时根据基础油及添加剂的复配结果,采用模糊综合评价法对全配方进行了评价,研制出一种2,5-二甲基呋喃掺燃柴油发动机油。经过实验理化性能分析,所研制的发动机油具有良好的清净分散性、氧化安定性、耐腐蚀性等;可很好地满足以2,5-二甲基呋喃为燃料的发动机的使用要求。     

废轮胎热解制油技术及油品应用前景

综述了国内外废轮胎热解制油技术的研究进展,对比了真空移动床热解、外热式批量进料固定床热解、内热式火焰固定床热解、回转窑热解和流化床快速热解等各种废轮胎热解技术的工艺及其特点;总结了热解产物中热解油的理化特性;并针对热解油高热值、高芳烃含量等特点,提出废轮胎热解油的可能应用前景,包括热解油整体作为燃料油燃烧或提取苯、甲苯、二甲苯及苧烯等具有较高经济价值的化工产品。     

LNG发动机专用油的研制

分析目前以LNG为燃料的发动机的使用工况特点,通过综合分析LNG发动机润滑特点和润滑油性能要求,有针对性的对基础油与添加剂进行筛选;采用II类基础油与PAO10复合的合成油为基础油,并添加适当的功能添加剂,研制出一种具有良好抗高温氧化、抗磨性、抗硝化、高温清净分散的LNG工程车辆专用发动机油。经过润滑油理化性能评定和实车使用发现,所研制油能满足LNG发动机的使用性能要求。     

浓硫燃料实施添加剂阻硫抗腐蚀技术的工业应用

抚顺石化公司自2003年掺炼俄罗斯原油,掺炼比逐年递增。锅炉燃用高度浓缩的后部燃料（催化干气、油浆等）,尾部低温腐蚀日趋加剧,尾部积灰严重,频繁泄漏,运行周期明显缩短。如何抵御燃用掺炼高硫俄油燃料的腐蚀和积灰已经成为当前自用燃料的课题。本文探讨了使用新型高效添加剂后燃用掺炼高硫俄油燃料的阻硫、抗腐蚀、清积灰对策。     

生物质与废轮胎共热解及催化对热解油的影响

生物质稻壳与废轮胎以不同比例组成的均匀混合物在管式固定床内共热解，MCM-41和SBA-15作为催化剂，对产生的热解油性质进行了研究。结果表明，随着废轮胎在混合物中比例增加，热解油产率和热值在增加，而黏度和密度在降低。当稻壳占到60%（质量）时，热解液体产率为44.5%（质量），热解油热值为40 MJ·kg-1，热值与柴油接近;温度对热解油的产率和组分柠檬精油的生成影响较大。对组成一定的混合物，在热解温度500℃时二者均达到最大。通过对热解油主要组分柠檬精油和氧含量的分析说明，共热解过程中组分间可以产生一定的相互作用，并具有协同效果，体现在柠檬精油组分的含量低于加权后的浓度，氧含量大于加权后的数值;与没有催化剂存在情况相比，MCM-41和SBA-15的存在能显著降低热解液体的黏度和密度，其中，SBA-15的降低效果更为明显。     

废轮胎热解油的化学组成分布

以工业试验装置生产的废轮胎热解油为研究对象,对废轮胎热解油中的烃类和非烃类化合物的分布进行研究。结果表明,热解油中的芳烃、烯烃含量高,饱和烃含量低,属于高硫高氮高酸油。热解油中硫主要以噻吩形式存在,总硫含量及噻吩硫含量随着馏分沸点的升高而增大;硫醇硫主要集中于小于300 ℃的馏分中;硫醚硫主要集中于小于150 ℃和大于500 ℃的馏分中。热解油中的总氮含量随着馏分沸点的升高而增大,碱性氮含量占1/3,非碱性氮占2/3。热解油中酸性组分主要集中于200～400 ℃的馏分中。     

浅谈油灰渣与硫酸铵产量的关系

为了解决大量油灰渣的处理问题,将其与原煤和矸石混合作为锅炉燃料。脱硫系统采用一炉一塔的布置,3台440t/h锅炉烟气直接进入对应吸收塔,脱硫后净湿烟气脱硫塔直接排放。通过煤的热解反应也就是加氢裂化等多种试验后产生的残渣,其中油灰渣的含量比较多,而油灰渣又属于高热值、高挥发分、低灰分的燃料。油灰渣是一种很好的燃料,如果能有效并且合理地掺烧在现有的燃料中,将大量节约原煤量,因其易结焦但含硫量较多,为了达到系统稳定运行必须把握好其掺烧比例。     

废轮胎内构件固定床热解过程优化

通过分析废轮胎内构件固定床热解过程真空度和颗粒床层厚度对热解油收率和组成的影响，探讨废轮胎热解过程优化。结果表明：增大热解真空度和减小颗粒床层厚度均可促进热解油气更快地导出反应器，尽可能避免挥发分二次反应，从而显著提高热解油收率，但热解油中汽油馏分占比降低，馏分油占比升高；热解过程优化后（真空度为－5 kPa，颗粒床层厚度为10 mm），热解温度对热解油收率和组成影响不明显，热解温度为550～900 ℃时，热解油收率始终保持在50.1%～51.6%（格金分析油收率在95%以上），热解油中各组分占比无明显变化。     

废轮胎热解油的煤泥浮选试验

研究了废轮胎热解的规律和热解油作为捕收剂的煤泥浮选效果。试验结果表明：热解最终温度影响比较显著,而起始温度和保温时间对废轮胎热解油回收率影响不显著。FT—IR分析表明：东庞煤中含有大量的长链烃、芳香结构,还有-C=C-、-C=O、-OH、-SO2、-NH和-NH2。热解油中富含芳烃、烯烃、烷烃和一定量极性物。煤泥浮选表明：热解油作为煤泥捕收剂具有较强的捕收性能,同时还具有一定的起泡性能,可明显减少起泡剂用量。     

不同添加剂对煤沥青筑路油的改质

利用ＩＲ光谱与差热分析方法研究了不同添加剂煤沥青筑路油的改质作用。发现加入添加剂改质后筑路油中沥青质含量明显增加,不溶物与软沥青含量减少。沥青质ＩＲ光谱分析表明添加剂参与了筑路油的改质并转移到沥青质分子中。实验测定的沥青热解活化能较小（１５．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ￣６３．１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ）,说明煤沥青筑路油的改质以物理改 为主,分子间以范德华力和氢键力相到作用结合为一体。     

Performance,emission and combustion studies of a DI diesel engine using Distilled Tyre pyrolysis oil-diesel blends

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources led the researchers to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Many alternate fuels like Alcohols, Biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc have been already commercialized in the transport sector. In this context, pyrolysis of solid waste is currently receiving renewed interest. The disposal of waste tyres can be simplified to some extent by pyrolysis. The properties of the Tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) derived from waste automobile tyres were analyzed and compared with the petroleum products and found that it can also be used as a fuel for compression ignition engine. However, the crude TPO has a higher viscosity and sulphur content. The crude TPO was desulphurised and then distilled through vacuum distillation. In the present work, DTPO-diesel blends were used as an alternate fuel in a diesel engine without any engine modification. This paper presents the studies on the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke air cooled DI diesel engine running with the Distilled Tyre pyrolysis oil (DTPO).     

废旧胶粉改性沥青抗老化性能及效益分析

以辽河沥青为基质沥青,以废旧胶粉为改性剂,以糠醛抽出油为调合剂,可制备改性沥青。采用失重系数法、针入度比法考察2种沥青的抗老化性能。结果表明,与基质沥青相比,废旧胶粉改性沥青具有较好的抗老化性能。通过经济效益和社会效益分析,证明用废旧橡胶粉对沥青进行改性,既减少了废旧橡胶对环境的污染,又降低了改性沥青的生产成本。     

典型杂质掺混对废塑料热解油特性的影响

以从4个典型的废弃物处理场取得的与废塑料掺混的杂质样品作为纯塑料热解过程中的添加剂,研究不可回收废塑料中掺混的杂质组分对塑料热解油品质的影响。研究内容包括4种杂质（I₁～I₄）对聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯及混合塑料热解的影响以及杂质中的无机和有机组分在热解中分别起到的作用。结果表明,杂质的添加将塑料热解油中主要组分的富集度由65.5%提升到79.2%～90.3%;其中来源于废旧自行车拆解厂的杂质I₄对热解油组成的影响最为显著。I₄使得聚乙烯及聚丙烯热解油中的烯烃含量分别提高了25.0%及21.1%,但对聚苯乙烯的热解没有显著影响。I₄对塑料热解的影响可分为三个方面：无机灰分作为热载体起到的作用、特定活性灰分组分的催化作用以及杂质中有机组分参与热解的影响。灰分作为热载体促进了聚合物分子链的裂解;活性灰分组分能够催化加氢及氢转移等反应;而I₄中有机组分热解提高了油相产物中芳烃和烯烃的含量。该研究将为废塑料规模化热解过程中原料的预处理及热解油品质调控提供指导。     

A comparative study on the performance, emission and combustion studies of a DI diesel engine using distilled tyre pyrolysis oil–diesel blends

Alternate fuels like ethanol, biodiesel, LPG, CNG, etc., have been already commercialised in the transport sector. In this context, pyrolysis of solid waste is currently receiving renewed interest. The disposal of waste tyres can be simplified to a certain extent by pyrolysis. In the present work, the crude tyre pyrolyisis oil (TPO) was desulphurised and then distilled through vacuum distillation. Also, two distilled tyre pyrolysis oil (DTPO)–diesel fuel (DF) blends at lower and higher concentrations were used as fuels in a four stroke single cylinder air cooled diesel engine without any engine modification. The results were compared with diesel fuel (DF) operation. Results indicate that the engine can run with 90% DTPO and 10% diesel fuel.     

废轮胎热裂解技术研究现状与进展

结合目前废旧轮胎资源化处理现状及研究成果,本文对热解机理、热解技术进行分析、对比,着重介绍了热解温度、升温速率、物料粒径、催化剂等工艺参数对热解产物产率的影响,分析表明Coast-Redfern积分法所得动力学模型较准确,平均反应活化能为129.5kJ/mol;现有的研究表明,热解温度对产物产率影响最大,气相产物与液相产物产率随温度升高而增加,其中液相产物产率相对较高的热解温度在500~550℃范围内,固相产物品质较高的热解温度在500~650℃范围内。其次对其固、液、气三相产物特性及应用和污染物（S、PAHs）的分布与控制方法做了归纳总结,为废旧轮胎热解技术向工业化发展提供技术依据。     

钢丝对废橡胶微波裂解过程的影响分析

研究钢丝对废橡胶微波裂解过程的影响并进行有限元仿真和试验探究。仿真结果表明,含钢丝的废橡胶在钢丝附近场强明显增强,热点增多且分布均匀。裂解试验结果表明,废橡胶中存在适量钢丝会促进废橡胶的裂解,使裂解升温更快,出油比例更高。由此认为,废轮胎整胎微波裂解更有利于提高裂解效率、促进节能环保和改善裂解产物品质。     

Assessment of pyrolysis oil as an energy source for diesel engines

This paper describes an experimental study of using tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) obtained from waste automobile tyres by vacuum pyrolysis method, as a fuel in diesel engine. In this work, performance and emission parameters of a single cylinder water cooled diesel engine running on TPO diesel reference fuel (RF) blends in steps of 20% on volume basis of TPO, viz. TPO20 up to TPO70 were used as fuels and the results compared with diesel operation. Results indicated that reliable operation can be achieved up to 70% of TPO diesel blends. Thermal efficiencies were lower compared to diesel operation. Higher smoke, HC and CO emissions were recorded in the experimentation. Oil sticking was occasionally found on the nozzle stem and sac. There was no corrosion in the injection system after running the engine with TPO–RF blends.     

Oxidative desulfurization of tire pyrolysis naphtha in formic acid/H2O2/pyrolysis char system

Waste tires are one potential source of alternative energy because of their long chain hydrocarbon with a high calorific heating value. However, the pyrolysis oil that is derived from waste tires is not appropriate for direct use in a combustion process due to its high sulfur content. Therefore, the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process was evaluated for its ability to reduce the sulfur content of the naphtha fraction distillated from light oil derived from waste tire pyrolysis. The addition of formic acid to pH of 4.0 in the presence of 25 vol.% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and tire pyrolysis char enhanced the level of sulfur removal to ca. 70% due to the simultaneous adsorption and oxidation of sulfurous compounds on the surface of the pyrolysis char. The chemical treatment to form surface-modified char promoted the benefit for ODS process in the presence of formic acid (pH 4) and H₂O₂ (25 vol.%) by increasing the sulfur reduction in the pyrolysis naphtha up to 75%.