退火张力对无取向硅钢再结晶织构和磁性能的影响

采用取向分布函数(ODF)分析了无取向电工钢冷轧板施加不同张力时再结晶退火后组织织构的变化。结果表明,随着退火张力的增加,再结晶晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,当退火张力为4 MPa时,晶粒平均直径达最大值75μm,且尺寸均匀,Goss织构和立方织构组分也增强,其铁损P_(1.5/50)降低到4.34 W·kg~(-1),同时磁感B50升至1.684T;当张力增加到6 MPa时,晶粒直径减小至40μm,{110}〈001〉和{001}〈100〉织构组分减弱,γ线织构组分明显增强,磁性能恶化。     

高强Ti-IF钢铁素体区热轧和冷轧过程织构演变规律

为了揭示铁素体区热轧、冷轧和退火过程中高强Ti-IF钢中织构的演变过程,采用X射线衍射仪研究了铁素体区热轧及随后的冷轧和退火织构的特点.研究表明,在铁素体区热轧后,表面和中心面的织构类型和强度不尽相同,表面上的主要织构组分是剪切织构{110}<001>,而中心面上的主要织构组分是{001}<110>～{223}<110>和{111}<110>,由于织构的遗传性,冷轧和退火后的织构在表面和中心面上也不相同;经不同压下率冷轧后,织构变化趋势一致,表面上{110}<001>组分消失,{001}<110>成为最强组分,而中心面上最强组分由{001}<110>沿α取向线向{112}<110>偏移,冷轧织构由α织构和γ织构组成;退火后,表面上织构的变化与以往结论有所不同,{001}<110>～{112}<110>组分减弱,而γ取向线上的{111}<123>组分增强,{111}<112>和{111}<110>减弱.     

800MPa冷轧热镀锌双相钢组织性能及其织构演变

对800MPa级热镀锌双相钢热轧、冷轧及退火后的显微组织进行了观察,分析比较了热轧和退火后的力学性能,并考察了其织构演变过程.结果表明:实验用钢经820℃保温140s热镀锌退火后,可获得抗拉强度819MPa,伸长率为17%的铁素体+马氏体双相钢,铁素体晶粒尺寸在1.5~4μm之间,马氏体体积分数为34%左右;热轧织构密度较弱,但已呈现出γ织构的雏形;冷轧后α织构和γ织构密度显著增长;热镀锌退火后α织构变化不大,不利织构{001}〈110〉织构密度有较大程度地攀升,γ织构取向密度值波动很大,最大织构组分为{112}〈110〉织构;快冷过程中形成的马氏体阻碍了有利织构{111}的发展,使得不利织构{001}〈110〉得到一定程度的发展.     

升温速率对冷轧超薄取向硅钢再结晶行为的影响

利用EBSD技术对比分析了升温速率对冷轧超薄取向硅钢再结晶行为的影响.结果表明,冷轧超薄带中再结晶形核位置、再结晶织构类型受升温速率的影响不大,主要取决于形变组织;剪切带、{111}〈112〉取向晶粒晶界、形变带和形变不均匀区均为再结晶的形核位置,剪切带的再结晶形核优势更为明显;再结晶晶粒取向以Goss({110}〈001〉)取向为主,同时存在{210}〈001〉、{310}〈001〉以及一定比例的杂乱取向.然而,升温速率显著影响Goss织构的强度及退火样品的组织均匀性;慢速升温条件下,Goss织构比例和锋锐度降低,说明回复导致不同织构的形变组织储存能差异减小,降低了Goss取向的形核优势;快速升温条件下,剪切带内的Goss晶核具有更大的形核优势,吞并临近的形变组织完成再结晶,形成更强和锋锐的Goss织构.此外,快速升温可提高再结晶完成后的组织均匀性、降低平均晶粒尺寸.     

0.20mm CGO硅钢高温退火Goss晶粒起源及异常长大行为研究

利用X射线衍射织构分析技术和电子背散射衍射微织构分析技术,对0.20mm CGO硅钢薄板在高温退火缓慢升温过程中表层和次表层的织构演变规律进行了研究。结果表明:0.20mm CGO硅钢在高温退火过程中经历了低温回复、初次再结晶、初次再结晶晶粒长大和二次再结晶形成最终锋锐Goss织构的演变过程。Goss取向晶粒最初起源于变形回复基体中残存于{111}〈112〉形变带上少量的Goss晶粒亚结构,600℃保温2h后,Goss取向晶粒率先从变形基体中转变形核,在随后的升温过程中逐渐发生再结晶,Goss取向晶粒在此过程中并不具有尺寸优势,700℃时初次再结晶完成,基体中以γ纤维织构和{112}〈110〉织构为主;随着退火温度的升高,Goss晶粒的含量和平均晶粒尺寸逐渐增加,在900~1000℃之间,Goss取向晶粒迅速"吞噬"其他取向晶粒形成锋锐的Goss织构,1000℃时已经发生了二次再结晶。     

IF钢铁素体区热轧和退火过程中织构的演变

研究了一种Ti—IF（Interstitial—free）钢在铁素体区热轧和退火过程中织构的变化．由于轧制过程摩擦的影响,热轧织构和退火织构在厚度方向上都有很大的差异．在钢板的表层,热轧织构的主要组分是{110}（001）,退火后表层的铁素体晶粒没有发生再结晶,该组分转变为（001）（110）;在试样的中心和1／4面,热轧织构组分主要是较弱的（111）／／ND（板法向）织构和部分（110）／／RD且在{001}（110）处最强;退火后中心面上的晶粒发生了完全再结晶,{001}组分转变为（111）／／ND组分使（111）／／ND织构成为唯一织构组分且在{111}（112）处最强．     

高硅钢薄板退火过程中的织构演变

采用传统的轧制和退火工艺制备了0.30mm厚的6.5%（质量分数）Si高硅电工钢薄板,采用X射线衍射技术对退火过程中的再结晶织构进行了研究。冷轧高硅钢薄板700℃退火形成以{111}〈112〉为峰值的γ织构（〈111〉∥ND）和以{001}〈210〉为峰值的{001}织构;而900℃以上温度退火则形成强{001}〈210〉织构。进一步的研究表明是在晶粒长大过程中{001}〈210〉发展成为主要再结晶织构组分。     

常化退火处理对无取向硅钢组织和织构的影响

采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了常化退火处理对无取向硅钢热轧板和成品退火板显微组织和织构的影响。结果表明:常化退火处理消除了热轧板中的变形组织,促使变形晶粒完成再结晶;常化退火处理使高斯织构和立方织构易通过再结晶在变形带内形核和长大,可显著降低成品退火板的{111}和{112}不利织构组分的占有率,提高{100}和{110}有利织构组分的占有率,从而有利于提高无取向硅钢成品板的磁性能。     

不同压下率低碳铝镇静钢板再结晶实验研究

将不同冷轧压下率的低碳铝镇静钢进行不同保温温度和时间的退火再结晶实验研究,利用维氏硬度计、金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了退火后试样的硬度、金相显微组织及织构的变化情况。结果表明:在相同的退火工艺制度条件下,随着冷轧压下率的增加,再结晶开始和结束温度降低,晶粒尺寸减小。当冷轧压下率升高到68%后,冷轧压下率的增加对再结晶晶粒细化的作用减弱,甚至没有细化作用;680℃保温退火时,一开始就发生了再结晶,基本不需要孕育期。随着保温时间的延长,晶粒均匀长大,晶粒饼形程度增加;退火温度由660℃升高到720℃时,{111}面有利织构增加,{100}面不利织构减少,720℃退火温度较为适宜。冷轧压下率为58%的试样在760℃退火时发生了二次再结晶对实验钢板的力学性能产生不利影响。     

无取向硅钢晶粒长大过程中应力对织构和晶界变化的影响

采用EBSD技术研究了有、无拉应力作用下无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化的规律。结果表明:在晶粒生长期间,无应力作用下的硅钢中,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化,而{100}〈001〉织构组分弱化;与无拉应力作用下的情况相比,施加5MPa的拉应力时,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化的速率下降,{100}〈001〉织构组分变化不明显。对于在晶粒生长期间持续变化的{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉和{100}〈001〉织构组分而言,虽然有、无拉应力作用下硅钢的{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率均下降,而{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率则上升,但当有拉应力作用后,{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率下降的速率变小,{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率上升的速率稍有变小。通过对无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化规律的研究,分析了合金原子在晶界的偏聚行为。     

Effects of Primary Annealing Condition on Recrystallization Texture in a Grain Oriented Silicon Steel

The recrystallization texture in grain oriented silicon steel sheets, which were annealed at different primary annealingtemperatures with and without an electric field, was investigated. An automated electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) technique was used to analyze the recrystallization texture. It was found that recovery and application ofelectric field in primary annealing lead to an increase of {001} component and a decrease of {111} component afterannealing at 900℃. The development of recrystallization texture can be explained in terms of the effects of electricfield and primary annealing temperature on recovery.     

Significant effect of as-cast microstructure on texture evolution and magnetic properties of strip cast non-oriented silicon steel

In this study, two types of as-cast microstructure produced by strip casting were cold rolled and annealed to investigate the effect of initial microstructure on the textural evolution and magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel. The results indicated that the cold-rolled sheets of coarse-grained strip with pronounced {100} components exhibited stronger λ fiber (〈100〉//ND) and weaker γ fiber (〈111〉//ND) texture as composed to the fine-grained strip with strong Goss ({110}〈001〉) texture. After annealing, the former was dominated by η fiber (〈001〉//RD) texture with a peak at {110}〈001〉 orientation, while the latter consisted of strong {111}〈112〉 and relatively weak {110}〈001〉 texture. In addition, a number of precipitates of size ～30–150?nm restricted the grain growth during annealing, resulting in recrystallization of grain size of ～46?μm in the coarse-grained specimen and ～41?μm in the fine-grained specimen. Ultimately, higher magnetic induction (～1.72?T) and lower core loss (～4.04?W/kg) were obtained in the final annealed sheets of coarse-grained strip with strong {100} texture.     

残余碳对取向硅钢初次和二次再结晶的影响

研究了脱碳退火样品中的残余碳对取向硅钢初次和二次再结晶的组织和磁性能的影响。结果表明：随着脱碳退火样品中残余碳含量的提高,初次再结晶的平均晶粒尺寸减小,表层和中心层的晶粒尺寸差增大;初次再结晶的强{111}<110>或{111}<112>织构向强{112}<110>织构转变,部分1/4层的Goss晶粒或{111}<112>晶粒转变为其他取向的晶粒;残余碳含量超过0.0200%后,高温退火样品二次再结晶不完善,磁性能较差。相变是导致上述现象的主要原因。     

Grain morphology and texture evolution of TC21 titanium alloy during annealing with different time

A homogeneous equiaxed‐structure TC21 titanium alloy is hot rolled and annealed for different time ranging from 1 h to 6 h. The grain morphology and texture evolution of α and β phases during annealing are mainly investigated using the electron back‐scattered diffraction characterization. In the early annealing stage, the α grain mainly maintains the elongated morphology generated in the rolling. With increasing annealing time, more and more elongated α grains become equiaxed due to enhanced static recrystallization and boundary splitting. Differently, the β grain exhibits a fully equiaxed morphology all the time due to the sufficient static recrystallization, and get a coarsening with increasing annealing time. The α phase exhibits a (0001) basal texture in the early annealing stage, and then forms a TD‐split texture with increasing annealing time. The β phase exhibits the {001}<110> texture at every annealing time. Based on the analysis about the texture of different grain sizes, the effects of recrystallization nucleation and oriented growth on texture evolution are discussed. It suggests that TD‐split texture in α phase is originated from both the recrystallization nucleation and oriented growth. The formation of {001}<110> texture in β phase is mainly originated from the oriented growth.     

Texture Evolutions in Fe-6.5% Si Produced by Rapid Solidification and Chemical Vapor Deposition

Fe-Si ribbons and thin sheets with 6.5%Si content were prepared by means of the single roller rapid solidification and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), respectively. The initial textures of rapidly solidified Fe-6.5%Si ribbons were characteristic of the {100} fiber-type, which became weakened during primary recrystallization in various atmospheres. At the stage of secondary recrystallization, the {100} texture formed in Ar and the {110} texture in hydrogen, while there occurred a texture transformation from the {100} type to the {110} type in vacuum with the increase of annealing temperature. For Fe-6.5%Si sheets prepared by Si deposition in cold-rolled Fe-3%Si matrix sheets, their textures were dominated by the η-fiber (<001>//RD) with the maximum density at the {120}<001> orientations. After homogenization annealing, the η-fiber could evolve into the {130}<001> type or become more concentrated on the {120}<001> orientations, depending on the cold rolling modes of Fe-3%Si matrix sheets.     

初次再结晶组织和渗氮量对低温渗氮取向硅钢二次再结晶行为的影响

通过控制初次再结晶工艺获得尺寸不同的低温渗氮取向硅钢初次再结晶组织,研究初次晶粒尺寸对二次再结晶行为和磁性能的影响,探索初次晶粒尺寸过大条件下合适的渗氮量,并分析初次再结晶组织中{411}〈148〉织构对二次再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:随着初次晶粒尺寸由10μm升高至15μm,二次再结晶温度升高,Goss织构更加锋锐,成品磁性能提高,当初次晶粒尺寸为28μm时,合适的渗氮量约为6×10-4。初次再结晶组织中{411}〈148〉取向晶粒生长能力更强,极易粗化,阻碍二次晶粒的异常长大,同时{411}〈148〉与黄铜晶粒之间为大于45°的低迁移率晶界,对黄铜晶粒异常长大的阻碍作用更为显著。     

Texture mechanism in some fcc-type soft magnetic materials

The authors have studied the mechanism for recrystallization texture in some soft magnetic materials with fcc crystal structure. The alloys used were 77% Ni-14% Fe-5% Cu-4 wt% Mo permalloys. Thin foils selected area electron diffraction (SAD) and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed using a Philips 300 Electron Microscope (EM 300) and an X-ray diffractometer, respectively. Investigations were carried out on deformed, recovered and recrystallized states of the alloys. The various results show that the cold-rolled (deformed) and recovered states of the alloys possess copper-type of rolling texture with {110} 〈112〉 texture as the predominant deformation texture though other minor components such as {112} 〈111〉, {110} 〈001〉 and {123} 〈420〉 textures were detected. No cube texture, {100} 〈001〉 was detected in any of the deformed and recovered materials though the recrystallization texture in these alloys is the cube texture, {100} 〈001〉 which forms over 80% of the annealing texture in these alloys. It is concluded here that the detection of cube texture in the deformed and recovered materials is not a prerequisite for the detection of cube texture in these alloys. The present work is not conclusive about the mechanism for recrystallization texture, but it is proposed here that recrystallization texture, in these alloys is attributed to the growth-oriented mechanism based on the following model. (1) The lattice domains which form the recrystallization texture are present in the cold-rolled matrix. (2) The favoured site for nucleation are the grain boundaries and deformation band boundaries. (3) For the nucleus to be able to grow and form the recrystallization texture it must possess the necessary free energy. (4) Grains must be capable of growth into two or more orientations between which it forms, i.e. the nuclei which form the cube texture should have a [111] pole in common with the matrix in which they grow and a rotation of about 30° around this pole.     

深冲IF钢再结晶{111}纤维织构形成机制探讨

为了探讨深冲IF钢再结晶织构与退火温度之间的关系及{111}再结晶织构形成机制,采用X射线衍射三维取向(ODF)和背散射电子衍射(EBSD)分析技术并结合金相组织观察,利用Gibbs-Thom son方程对冷轧IF钢在不同退火温度下的再结晶织构演变规律及形成机制进行研究.实验结果表明:随着退火温度的增加,再结晶量逐渐增多,γ纤维织构强度亦相应增强,同时,α纤维织构强度则逐渐降低;冷轧IF钢再结晶初期的织构转变主要发生在γ纤维织构之间.研究表明,再结晶核心的形成主要以"显微择优形核"为主,晶核的长大则主要以择优生长为主,而Σ重位点阵晶界在再结晶γ纤维织构形成过程中起着重要作用.     

冷轧形变量对异步轧制高纯铝箔织构的影响

应用取向分布函数(ODF)研究和分析了异步轧制高纯铝箔的形变织构和再结晶织构.结果表明:异步轧制高纯铝箔的形变织构除了C{112}<111>、B{110}<112>和S{123}<634>织构组分外,还有较强的CubeND{001}<110>和{102}织构.异步轧制高纯铝箔的再结晶织构由强的立方织构{001}<100>和弱的R{124}<211>织构组成.随着形变量的增加,异步轧制高纯铝箔的形变织构和再结晶织构呈现规律性的变化,{102}织构减少,S织构先增后减,速比较小时C织构近线性减少,速比较大时C织构则先增后减.异步轧制高纯铝箔的退火样品中有很强的立方织构,这与异步轧制提高高纯铝箔的形变储能有关,形变量过大时,立方织构随形变量的增加急剧减少.{102}织构有利于再结晶立方织构的加强.