核电站先进反应堆评价系统的决策方法研究

为开发先进反应堆评价系统,对层次分析加权求和方法、模糊综合决策方法、模糊Borda数方法等综合评价决策方法进行了详细研究,并结合评价结果,对各种评价方法进行了分析、比较和总结。     

核电厂评价系统的评价指标敏感性研究

为开发先进反应堆评价系统，通过层次分析、模糊综合决策方法得到了评价结果。然后，变化经济性、安全性和技术性评价指标的权重，研究这3个指标在不同权重下的评价结果，从而得到了对评价结果的敏感性分析。结合分析结果，对各评价结果进行了比较和总结。      

评价核数据在热管冷却空间核反应堆设计中的应用

热管冷却反应堆是空间核反应堆电源系统的重要候选堆型,具有良好的发展前景。热管冷却空间堆堆芯使用的材料与传统压水堆相比有很大不同,以HP-SMTCs堆芯为例,广泛使用了含有Re、Mo、Li、Be等元素的材料。为研究相应的评价核截面数据对热管冷却空间堆核设计产生的影响,以HP-SMTCs空间堆核设计为平台,选用不同来源、不同版本的评价核数据,对堆芯在不同构型下的临界安全进行了计算,对Re、Mo等耐高温材料的中子截面数据对空间堆核设计结果的影响进行了评价,比较了使用ENDF/B、JEFF、CENDL等常用评价库的核数据时的计算结果,对主要核素的截面数据进行了敏感性系数计算,并分析指出了未来空间堆发展对相关评价核数据的需求。     

压水堆燃料组件板弹簧压紧系统性能评价方法研究

分析了核反应堆燃料组件板弹簧压紧系统的非线性特点,提出了缓解非线性的设计应对措施;并对燃料组件板弹簧压紧系统性能评价方法进行了研究。以浮动核电站用板弹簧压紧系统为例进行了结构优化和性能评价,给出了优化后板弹簧压紧系统结构用于浮动核电站的性能情况。     

超临界二氧化碳在核反应堆系统中的应用

基于超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环的基本原理,分析其应用于核反应堆系统的主要优势,介绍目前国际上超临界二氧化碳应用于核反应堆系统的相关研究进展,对超临界二氧化碳工质在我国未来先进核能技术研发中潜在的应用对象进行探讨,并提出相关建议。     

模拟退火算法在压水堆堆芯换料优化中的应用研究

针对核反应堆堆芯换料优化中的具体问题，提出了新的编码解码方法，成功地应用了模拟退火算法。以先进核反应堆为例，进行了模拟退火算法优化计算，并与遗传算法的优化结果进行了比较。结果表明．模拟退火算法和遗传算法对反应堆换料优化问题同样有效。     

空间核反应堆电源热工水力特性研究综述

随着空间探索领域的快速发展,研究高功率、安全、可靠的空间核反应堆电源将变得愈发重要。本文针对国内外空间核反应堆电源的热工水力关键问题,即空间堆系统稳态和事故瞬态研究、堆芯单冷却剂通道及全堆芯的三维流动换热、静态与动态热电转换装置分析、热工水力特性试验研究等进行研究,分析了空间核反应堆电源热工水力研究的趋势。本文结果可为空间核反应堆电源设计分析及热工水力安全特性研究提供帮助和指导。     

空间核反应堆电源热工水力特性研究综述

随着空间探索领域的快速发展,研究高功率、安全、可靠的空间核反应堆电源将变得愈发重要。本文针对国内外空间核反应堆电源的热工水力关键问题,即空间堆系统稳态和事故瞬态研究、堆芯单冷却剂通道及全堆芯的三维流动换热、静态与动态热电转换装置分析、热工水力特性试验研究等进行研究,分析了空间核反应堆电源热工水力研究的趋势。本文结果可为空间核反应堆电源设计分析及热工水力安全特性研究提供帮助和指导。     

沸腾两相自然循环系统动态不稳定性的数值分析

在先进核反应堆中 ,为克服沸腾两相自然循环系统沸腾起始点和干涸点等突变点处的数值稳定性问题 ,本工作在EICE算法 (extendedimplicitcontinuous fluideulerianmethod)基础上发展了数值仿真算法AEICE ,对可能存在的两相自然循环系统的动态稳定性进行了分析。分析结果表明 :增大系统压力和增加入口欠热度均将增大两相自然循环系统的稳定区域。经比较 ,计算结果与实验数据符合较好     

先进核反应堆材料研讨会在四川乐山举行

由中国核材料学会、中国原子能科学研究院和核工业部第一研究设计院联合主办的先进核反应堆材料研讨会于1987年11月21日—25日在四川乐山举行。参加这次研讨会的有国内多年从事核反应堆材料研究的23个单位58位代表。中国核材料学会理事长张沛霖同志就先进核反应堆材料开发和材料科学与工程等问题作了重要讲话。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.